synonymkaryotypeKaryotype generally refers to karyotype
chromosomeGroup type: refers to onesomatic cellAll chromosomes inmorphological characterSequential arrangementThe image formed is calledkaryotype。Under normal circumstances, the karyotype of an individual cell can generally represent the karyotype of the individual.suchGroup technologyIt can be used to find the relationship between chromosome aberrations and specific diseases, such as:Abnormal chromosome numberIncrease, abnormal shape change, etc
Represented by the number and shape of chromosomesChromosomeIt is called karyotype.Although the karyotype is generally based onsomatic cellThe number and shape of chromosomes in metaphase of mitosis can be expressed, however, it can also be expressed in other stages, especially in prophase orInterphaseChromosome morphology.In addition, in order to express the morphological characteristics of each chromosome, names such as "V" shape and "J" shape can also be used, or the method of classification according to the position of centromere proposed by A. Levan et al. (1964) can be used.Relating to the human karyotypeRepresentation, which is unified internationally (in Denver 1960London1963、ChicagoHeld in 1966, Paris 1971 and other placesHuman chromosomeIt has been stipulated thatChromosome arm ratio, centromeric index, etc.
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The information about the whole chromosome can be expressed by the following records: the length and thickness of each chromosome;CentromereLocation of;Follower andSecondary constrictionThe presence, number and location of;Different parts of condensation section andHeterochromatinPartEuchromatinpart;Chromomere、telomereThe shape, size and distribution of;Number and position of small constrictions;Due to temperature and drug treatmentchromosomal banding(band) form, number, position, etc.aboutChromosomeSeveral methods have been proposed.For example, the number of chromosomes is represented by n and 2n respectivelygameteandZygoteThe number of chromosomes of is represented by x, b, 2x, 3x, 4xPolyploidy, 2x+1, 2x-1,..., etc. denote non integer inertia, and numbers 1, 2, 3,..., etc. denote each chromosome.
