Hay fever

Allergic diseases in spring and summer caused by inhaling external pollen antigens

This entry is made by Compilation and application of scientific encyclopedia entries of "Science Popularization China" authentication.

hay asthma Also called hay fever, it is caused by inhalation Pollen antigen The spring and summer Allergic disease 。 In recent decades, pollinosis Europe and America etc. developed country It is very popular. Pollinosis and the improvement of western modernization, Green environment Popularization and increasingly serious air pollution are closely related. Most scholars believe that the particularity of constitution Reactivity , environmental pollution, increased pollen production and Climate warming It can lead to "pollinosis" harmful to health. Common pollens causing pollinosis are grass pollen Gramineae Pollen a birch Tree pollen Ragweed Pollen Wallwort Plant pollen olive Pollen, rape, sunflower, etc Wind media Pollen. With the rapid development of China's economy, the increase of urban population, the massive cultivation of pollen plants, and the aggravation of air pollution, Pollen fever The incidence of Upward trend 。

TCM disease name: Hay fever
Alias: hay asthma

Common causes: Allergic diseases caused by inhaling external pollen antigens in spring and summer
common symptom: Frequent nasal itching, paroxysmal sneezing, a large amount of watery nose, nasal congestion, hypoesthesia, pruritus eyes, photophobia, burning.

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pathogeny

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Generally Wind media The spring type is caused by tree pollen (oak, elm, maple, alder, birch Populus deltoides 、 olive ）Caused by; The summer type consists of the pollen of garden grass (Goule grass Cattail grass 、 Citronella , orchard grass Johnson grass ）And wild grass pollen（ sheep Rumex Grass, plantain in England); Autumn type consists of wild grass pollen（ Ragweed ）Caused by. Seasonality Pollinosis can occasionally be caused by Airborne transmission Of Mycospore Therefore, the disease has significant Geographical region Differences.

Pollinosis Type I hypersensitivity disease When people inhale pollen, they will stimulate the body to produce IgE antibodies, making the body sensitized. When the body contacts the same antigen again, it will stimulate IgE and mast cells 、 Basophil The IgE receptor on the Degranulation , including histamine , kininogenase, etc Bioactive substances , causing allergy to the body.

clinical manifestation

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Pollinosis clinical manifestation It's in the pollen fastigium , mainly in spring and summer Nasal itching , paroxysmal Sneeze , a large amount of watery nose, nasal congestion ， Anosmia , Binocular itch ， Photophobia , burning, tearing, or eyelid swelling, sometimes even in the upper palate External auditory meatus The skin on the neck feels itchy. The symptoms are mainly manifested in the nose and eyes. The symptoms are usually severe in the morning and evening, or when touching flowers and plants, or suddenly in the hot sun, and in severe cases, accompanied by cough and dyspnea symptom. Hereditary Allergic constitution In addition to this disease, patients with food allergy 、 eczema 、 bronchial asthma etc. Allergic disease 。

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Pollinosis can be diagnosed through Specificity Check and confirm.

The most common specificity test is Skin test 。 If the skin test shows that the pollen with positive reaction is consistent with the onset season provided by the medical history, it can basically be determined that the pollen is the patient's Sensitized pollen 。 If the result of the skin test is inconsistent with the expected result, or the skin test can not draw a clear conclusion, it needs to be further carried out Excitation test 。 In addition to excitation test, it can also be used In vitro test Check pollen Specific IgE 。

diagnosis

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This disease is non seasonal Perennial rhinitis , can be allergic or not, sometimes concurrent nasosinusitis 、 nasal polyp , or aspirin And others NSAIDs sensitive.

According to the medical history, it can often be prompted Allergic diseases The nature and pathogenicity of pollen. According to the physical examination findings and eosinophils in nasal secretions, it is helpful to diagnose, and skin tests can determine the pathogenic pollen.

treatment

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avoid allergen The symptoms can be alleviated. Most patients take orally Antihistamine Mitigable. If such drugs have strong sedative effect, antihistamines without sedative effect can be used instead. Local treatment is also one way. Regular general Parasympathetic Drugs are used in combination with antihistamines. Oral sympathomimetics can increase blood pressure, so hypertension Patients with inclination shall not use it without regular monitoring.

If the effect of oral antihistamines is not good Internal spray 4% Sodium cromoglycate (with acupressure Pump spraying In). Sodium cromoglycate Prevent the occurrence of symptoms and relieve them Acute symptoms More effective. However, sodium cromoglycate can only alleviate nasal symptoms, usually not regard as treatment hay asthma The first choice of drugs.

If antihistamine treatment fails to relieve symptoms, nasal spray Glucocorticoid It often works. When symptoms are relieved, reduce the dose to tolerable. When applied according to the method indicated side effect very seldom. Severe and stubborn symptoms may require a short systemic course corticosteroid Treatment.

If the allergen cannot be avoided or the patient cannot tolerate the drug; Or it is necessary to apply glucocorticoid throughout the season. It is recommended to use allergen immunotherapy.

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