Move and influence by cycloneweatherCan be divided into positive impactsAntarctic PeninsulaThere are three types of paths: north end path, south path and north path.[1]
Origin
The center of the polar climate that positively affects the northern end of the Antarctic Peninsula is the area that passes through the Antarctic Peninsula between 60-65 ° S.In the process of moving from west to east, the center of this kind of cyclone attacks the Great Wall Station in Antarctica.The main path of high frequency cyclone movement is slightly northward and eastward along the latitude circle, and its movement range is 68 ° S to 60 ° S.Before passing through the Antarctic Peninsula, the cyclone moved southward from the southeast Pacific Ocean near 100 ° W50 ° S to the northern end of the Antarctic Peninsula.After crossing the Antarctic Peninsula, one situation is to continue southward and cross the Weddell Sea to affect the coastal areas of the Antarctic continent;The other is moving northward.
The center of the polar cyclone on the southward path passes through the Antarctic Peninsula at the south of 65 ° S. The force of warm air is relatively strong in this kind of cyclone process, and the Great Wall Station is located in the warm zone on the north side of the cyclone.The main path of the high-frequency cyclone moves eastward along the 70 ° S latitude circle, and the path gradually shifts to the north.The secondary path is north to the west of Berenskop Sea, moving from 62 ° S to southeast, and entering the main path near 100 ° W.After passing through the Antarctic Peninsula, the cyclone continued to move eastward and turned northward near 30 ° W.
The center of the polar cyclone on the northerly path passes through the Drake Strait north of 60 ° S or passes through the southern end of South America. This kind of cyclone has strong cold air force, and the Great Wall Station is located in the cold zone on the south side of the cyclone.The main path of high-frequency cyclone movement is to move from 68 ° S west of Berenskop Sea to the northeast, cross Drake Strait, and move east by south.The secondary path moves eastward along 60 ° S in the Southeast Pacific Ocean, crosses the Drake Strait, and approaches the coast of the Antarctic continent along the southeast direction.[1]
influence
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Polar cyclone is the most important weather system, which causes disastrous weather storms in Antarctica.Most of the snowstorms in the southwest pole are caused by polar cyclones.When polar cyclones invade the Antarctic Peninsula, the Great Wall Station is located in different cyclone positions, resulting in different storm intensities and wind directions.If the Great Wall Station is controlled in the north or northeast of the polar cyclone, and a snowstorm is generated due to the influence of the polar cyclone front, the wind is northwest wind or westerly wind. At this time, the snowstorm is much weaker than the southeast snowstorm, the wind speed is smaller, and the temperature is slightly higher, which is mainly caused by the northwest airflow transporting warm and humid air at lower latitudes to the Great Wall Station area.The northwest snowstorm does little harm to the station area.The Great Wall Station is located in the south or southeast of the cyclone, which is controlled by the southerly or southeast airflow of the cyclone. The Great Wall Station is called the southeast storm.The pressure field of this weather system is high in the south and low in the north. The development of the polar high pressure cold air bursts northward and affects the Antarctic Peninsula. The pressure gradient between the cyclone and the polar high pressure increases, producing strong southeast wind.The southeast storm snow accounted for 85% of the storm snow at the Great Wall Station, and the wind speed was high and the temperature was low.According to the analysis of historical data of the Great Wall Station, the polar cyclones in the southwest pole directly affect the frequency of the Great Wall Station. On average, there are about 7 polar cyclones that directly affect the Great Wall Station every month. The cyclones bring strong wind, sleet, snowstorm and other disastrous weather, causing great disasters to the Antarctic investigation and station construction and living.
The influence of polar cyclones on the Great Wall Station is the key to produce disastrous weather at the station.The Great Wall Station is affected by the north or front of the cyclone and is mainly controlled by the northwest and northerly air flow. The northerly air flow brings a lot of warm and humid air from the lower latitude. The temperature and humidity of the Great Wall Station tend to rise, resulting in rainfall or sleet weather in summer and snow weather in winter.The wind direction is north or northwest, and the wind speed is relatively small.If the Great Wall Station is located in the southeast or rear of the cyclone, it will be controlled by the southeast or southerly airflow of the cyclone, so that the cold air will move northward along the southerly airflow and invade the area of King George Island.This kind of weather makes the temperature at the Great Wall Station drop significantly. Generally, 1h2 can drop by 6-8 ℃. If the polar cold high pressure at the back of the cyclone develops a strong cold air outbreak northward, the temperature at the Great Wall Station can drop by more than 10 ℃ in 12h, and the wind force can reach level 12 or above. Severe wind and snow often form in winter.[2]
characteristic
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Cyclone activity has obvious seasonal changes.In summer, cyclones are active with more cyclones;Less winter;The transition season is close to the average.When Antarctic winter comes, there are always several strong cold air outbreaks, and the number of cyclones along the northerly path increases.The average speed of polar cyclones is about 29.9 kilometers per hour, moving 14.4 longitudes every day on average, and the speed is significantly accelerated in the transitional season.When the cyclone moves to the west of the Antarctic Peninsula, its speed slows down.stayBelins GaojinhaiThe Weddell Sea and the Weddell Sea often have gyrations or stagnation, while the speed of movement is accelerated when crossing the Antarctic Peninsula, and jumping phenomenon often occursDrake StraitThe time shift speed is faster.Usingsatellite cloud chartIn the analysis of cyclone activity characteristics, it is found that the spiral structure andFrontal cloud systemAndNorthern HemisphereBasically similar.
The weather information is very scarceSouthern Ocean, some cyclonesSynoptic chartIt is not clear on the satellite cloud image, but on the satellite cloud image,Spiral cloud systemBut the characteristics of are very clear.
