Yuansongjiang River[4]The mansion is 160 miles from east to west, 173 miles from south to north, 80 miles from the sea to the east, and Pingjiang Road to the westChangzhou CountyThe boundary is 80 li;Ninety miles south to the boundary of the Central Ming Dynasty;Southwest toHaiyan CountyFrom 60 li in the boundary to 100 li in the county;Northwest toKunshanFrom 150 li to 200 li,land routeIt is 60 li from the southwest to Jiaxing County, and the waterway is 54 li from the northeast to Qinglong Town, from Qinglong to Wu;See you in SongjiangJiahezhi。
Songjiang Prefecture in the Ming Dynasty covers 160 miles from east to west, 152 miles from south to north, and 100 miles from the sea to the east;West toSuzhou MansionIt is 60 li from the boundary of Changzhou County to Wujiang County, 120 li from the southJinshanwei72 miles to the sea, north to Kunshan County, SuzhouWu SongjiangEighty miles to the north bank and one hundred and thirty miles to Kunshan County;From the southeast to Qingcun, there are thousands of households, one hundred and ten li;Southwest toJiaxing Mansion120 li;Northeast to Suzhou MansionJiading County130 li;It is 180 li from the northwest to Suzhou Mansion, 3820 li from Fuzhi to the capital, and 800 li to Nanjing.
Shanghai Ancient NameHuating。the Ming dynastyHongzhiOf《Shanghai County Records》Say:“Shanghai CountyThe old name was Huating. In the Song Dynasty, the business continued, and the town was named after it,Municipal Shipping Promotion DepartmentAnd the goods yard is there.In the 29th year of the Yuan Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty, the five villages in the northeast of Huating were divided into five villages, the county was established in the town, and the county was subordinate to Songjiang Prefecture. Its name was Shanghai, and it was located in the sea. "Songjiang Mansion was established in the Song DynastyHuating Mansion, changed to Songjiang Prefecture, belonged to the Qing DynastyJiangsuProvince, ZhihuatingLou County，Republic of ChinaAbolish the government and merge two countiesSongjiang County。
Songjiangfu is an ancient ChineseAdministrative system。Its predecessor was Huating Mansion.elementTo yuan14 years (1277),Huating CountyIt was upgraded to Huating Prefecture, and the next year (the 15th year of Zhiyuan, 1278), it was renamed Songjiang Prefecture, governing Huating County.In the 27th year of Yuan to Yuan (1290), some townships in the northeast of Huating County were separated and Shanghai County was newly established. Generally, 1291 was the year when Shanghai officially established its administrative system.brightJiajingIn the 21st year (1542), some areas of Huating County and Shanghai County were set asideQingpu County, under the jurisdiction of Songjiang Prefecture.
In the 13th year of Shunzhi (1656) of the Qing Dynasty, Lou County was newly established;In the second year of Yongzheng (1724), it was newly establishedFengxian County、Jinshan County、Nanhui CountyandFuquan County；In the 8th year of Yongzheng era (1730), Fuquan County was incorporated into Qingpu County;In the 10th year of Jiaqing (1805)ChuanshaDepartment of People's Welfare (county level).Republic of ChinaAfter its establishment, Songjiang Prefecture was abolishedShanghai RoadThe counties under its jurisdiction were transferred to Jiangsu Province.In the third year of the Republic of China (1914)Shanghai HaidaoIn the 16th year of the Republic of China (1927), Shanghai was abolished and Shanghai was establishedSpecial city。
Songjiang Prefecture[1]It was established since the Yuan DynastyAdministrative systemDistrict is the root of Shanghai's history and culture. It is said that "Songjiang Prefecture first, then Shanghai Beach".[2]
Guanxiang 8, Bao24, District 63, Huating County, figure 820,
Fengjing Township, Xupu Township, Xianshan Township, Yunjian Township, Baisha Township, Huating Township, Jixian Township, Xiuzhu Township
Shanghai County and Township Five, Songjiang Prefecture, Yuan Dynasty;Bao 26, Qu 54, Fig. 614;Changren TownshipOne is Changren County;Gaochang Township;Beiting Township;Xinjiang Township;Haiyu Township.
Songjiang Prefecture in Ming and Qing Dynasties[5]Thirteen townships and fifty guarantees;Fengjing Township, from the first to the third level, is under the jurisdiction of Lou County.(Fengjing Township now mostly belongs toJinshan District）。Xupu Township, four guarantees to six guarantees, all under Lou County;Now part of the southwest is Jinshan.Xianshan Township, with seven guarantees and eight guarantees, is divided into Lihua and Lou.Now it belongs to Jinshan District.Yunjian Township, from Jiubao to Shibao, now belongs to Jinshan District.Fengxian County is divided into Baisha Township and Yunjian Township in the southeast of Huating County;NowFengxian District。Baisha Township is under the jurisdiction of Huating County from the 13th to the 15th National Security Council.Now it is Fengxian District.Changren Township, 16 to 21 guarantees, all under the jurisdiction of Shanghai County;ClearingJiannanhui County now belongs toPudong New AreaHas.Gaochang Township, from the 22nd to the 30th Baotou, all under the jurisdiction of Shanghai County;Present genusMinhang, Shanghai downtown.Beiting Township, from the 31st to the 34th Baotou, all under the jurisdiction of Qingpu County;（Qingpu District）. Huating Township, 35 to 37 paos, divided into Li Hua, Lou, Qing;Now most of them belong toSongjiang District。Jixian Township, 38 to 40 guarantees, is divided into Lihua, Lou and Qing.(Qingpu, Songjiang, Jinshan) Xiuzhu Township, from 41st to 43rd, divided into Li, Lou, Qing.(Qingpu, Jinshan).Xinjiang Township, from the forty fourth to the forty sixth guarantees, is divided into three categories: Li, Shang, Qing;Now it is Shanghai and Qingpu.Haiyu Township is under the jurisdiction of Qingpu County from 47 to 50 guarantees.(50 Baozhu Li is now in QingpuZhujiajiao TownRegion).Huating in Tang Dynasty, Huating County in Songjiang Prefecture in Song Dynasty.In the Yuan Dynasty (1277), Shanghai County was divided into Changren Township, Gaochang Township, Xinjiang Township, Beiting Township and Haiyu Township.In the Ming Dynasty, half of the three townships of Huating, two townships of Shanghai and half of the one township were divided into Qingpu County.Qing DynastyShunzhiIn addition, two townships of Huating were divided into Lou County.It belongs to Songjiangfu Thirteen Towns and Fifty Guarantees.Ancient villages are more numerous than modern counties and districts.Huating County, Shanghai County, Qingpu County, Fengxian County, Lou County, Jinshan County, Nanhui County.
Historical evolution
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In October of the 14th year of the Zhiyuan era (1277), Huating County was upgraded to Huating Prefecture (LiJiaxing Road）And governs Huating County 1.
In the 15th year of the Zhiyuan era (1278), Huating Mansion was changed to Songjiang Mansion, still governing one county of Huating.
In the 29th year of the Zhiyuan era (1292), Shanghai County was set up in the northeast of Huating County.
Songjiang was founded in the 31st year of Zhiyuan (1294)Government Offices。
In the 23rd year of Zhizheng (1363), Zhang Shicheng expandedSongjiang Fucheng。
In September of the 27th year of the Zhizheng era (1367),Zhu YuanzhanglifeXu DaDivide the troops to take Songjiang and order to build the city with bricks.Shanghai County GentryQian HegaoGather people to occupy the city and resist. Xu Da sends his army general Ge Jun to pacify him, but the city repair fails.
During the Zhizheng period (1341-1368), the Zhenjiao Temple (i.emosque）In the west of the city.
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In the early years of Hongwu (1368-1372), there was a militiaWanhu MansionYu Songjiang.Taiping Nancang and Yishoucang were also built.
In the third year of Hongwu (1370), Songjiang Prefecture was established inAutumn grain300000 pieces of military cloth were collected.
In the eighth year of Xuande (1433),JianshuiCixichang.
In December of the ninth year (1444) of the orthodox era, there were seven days and nights of heavy snow, with more than ten feet of snow, and most of the residents were frozen to death.
In the summer of the fifth year of Jingtai (1454), there were many deaths due to the epidemic.
In the early years of Chenghua (around 1470),The first bridge between cloudsIt is reconstructed into a stone bridge, also known as "Crossing the Tang Bridge".
During the Zhengde period (1506-1521)Tarpaulin, listed as imperial tribute.
In the 19th year of Jiajing (1540), the flood killed nearly 10000 people.
In the 21st year of Jiajing (1542), Qingpu County was built in the north of Gehuating and Shanghai counties.
In the spring of the 32nd year of Jiajing (1553), Japanese invaders invaded all parts of Huating County, burned, killed and looted, and the people suffered a lot.
From March to May in the 33rd year of Jiajing (1554), the Japanese pirates burned and looted the south gate, west gate and east gate of the suburbs.In June, Japanese Pirates SutraYexietangEnter Huangpu, ChiefTang KekuanLead the troops to intercept and win. Song Min called it“Desheng Port”。
Thirty fourth year of Jiajing (1555)Mid Autumn, outside the east gate of the mansion cityHuayangThe bridge leveled the Japanese tombstone.
In the same year, the GovernorZhang JingHe went to Songjiang to preside over the suppression of Japanese invaders. After several successes, he was falsely imprisoned and killed.
In the summer of 1556, the 35th year of Jiajing, the generalYu DayouLead the army and the people to suppress Japanese pirates equally,Lien ZhanGet victory.September, in the countyJapanese aggressionShiping.
In the third year of Longqing (1569), Qingzhang farmland in Huating County was divided into upper, middle and lower rural farmland“Single Whip tax system”Tax law levy bank.
In the fourth year of Longqing (1570),Patrol Ying TianHai RuiPatrol Huating County, restrain the powerful, force the prime ministerXu StageQuit occupying more farmland.
In the 26th year of Wanli's reign (1598), Songjiang Prefecture was rebuilt, adding 5 feet in height and 5 feet in thickness.
WanliIn the 36th to 37th year (1608-1609), there were floods and people were hungry,Office ChiefBe carefulDonate millet and set up 18 facilities in cities and townssoup kitchenRelieve hunger.
On the 15th and 16th day of the first month of the 44th year of Wanli (1616)Dong QichangsonDong ZuchangIt is rampant in the countryside, with great public anger. Huating, ShanghaiQingpuMore than ten thousand people from Jinshanwei and other places poured into the capital, destroyed and burned Dong's house“People copied Dong Huan”。
During the Wanli period (1573-1620), Songjiang's summer socks were light and beautiful, and they were bought from afar. There were more than 100 summer socks stores in the west of the county.
During the Wanli period, Catholic priestsBi Fangji179 believers in SongjiangBaptizeCatholicism spread in the county from then on.
In the spring of the fourth year of the apocalypse (1624),Scientific examinationMore than 3000 literary children from Huating County crowded into the test site, which was blocked by the threshold, and 13 people were killed on the spot.
In the 11th year of Chongzhen (1638), Chen Zilong, Xu Fuyuan and others co edited《Compiled by Huangming Jingshi》(504 volumes).
Written by Xu Guangqi in the 12th year of Chongzhen (1639)《Complete Book of Agricultural Administration》The manuscript was collated, supplemented, edited and published by Chen Zilong.
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In the first year of Shunzhi (1644), the local gentryGu DashenRenovation of the old garden of the Ming Dynasty, namedDrunken White Pool。
In May of the second year of Shunzhi (1645), Qing soldiers occupied Songjiang.Wu SongDeputy ChiefWu Zhikui started to fight against the Qing Dynasty.CommanderYellow cockroachThousands of warships joined Zhikui and formed a water stronghold in Maohu Lake.
Leap JuneOn the 10th,Shen Youlong、Li Daiwen, Chen Zilong, Xia Yunyi, etc. led the army and the people to take the Songjiang Prefecture to revolt against the Qing Dynasty.
On the third day of August, Qing troops broke through Songjiang Prefecture.Shen Youlong was shot to death when he broke through the siege.Li Daiwen was captured, unyielding and martyred.More than 20000 soldiers and civilians were killed.
On the sixth day of August, Huang Fei and Wu Zhikui were defeated by the Qing army in Huangpu.
On September 17, Xia Yunyi threw himself into Songtang and died.
On May 13, Chen Zilong was arrested. On his way to the capital, he threw himself across the Tangqiao River and died.
In June, Xia YunyiziXia WanchunArrested for anti Qing activities, he was sent to Nanjing and died a martyr's death on September 19.
In the winter of the eleventh year of Shunzhi (1654),Maohe RiverFreezing, pedestrians can walk on the ice.
In the 13th year of Shunzhi (1656), it was divided into Huating CountyFengjing、XupuLouxian County is built on part of the land of 2 townships and 4 townships of Jixian, Huating, Xiuzhu and Xinjiang.
In the 15th year of Shunzhi (1658), the leader of Maohu Fisherman Rebellion ArmyQian YingkuiThe resistance to the Qing Dynasty failed and was killed.
KangxiIn the first year (1662), the "Equal Field and Equal Service Law" was adopted.
In the second year of Kangxi's reign (1663), the Songjiang City Wall was rebuilt.
In the fifth year of Kangxi's reign (1666), descendants of King Anchang of Henan Province of the Ming Dynasty changed their names and became monks in Longzhu Nunnery. They were detected by the magistrate, who promoted the prison with the crime of "seeking rebellion". Twenty seven people were killed, more than 70 people were beheaded, and more than 500 people were implicated.
KangxiIn March of the 44th year (1705), Emperor Kangxi made a southern tour and arrived at Songjiang by boat.
In March of the 46th year of Kangxi's reign (1707), Emperor Kangxi visited the south and arrived at Songjiang again.
In the second year of Yongzheng era (1724), Fengxian County was built in half of Yunjian and Baisha Townships of Huating County.Part of the land in Fengjing, Jixian, Xianshan and Xiuzhu townships of Gehuating County and Jianjinshan County in Xupu Township 1 of Lou County.
In the summer of the 20th year of Qianlong's reign (1755), the weather was as cold as winter,GrainsMany people starved to death on the road.
In the 41st year of Qianlong's reign (1776), posthumous posthumous titles were given to the officials who died in the late Ming and Qing Dynasties,Xu JianThe ancestral hall is for worship.Chen Zilong, Xia Wanchun and other poets were published publicly.
QianlongSongjiang figure painter during the period from 1736 to 1777Xu Zhang"Portrait of Bangyan in the Clouds".Some stone carvings of portraits are preserved in Zuibai Pool today.
In the 14th year of Jiaqing (1809), the prefecture magistrateTang ZhongmianPrinted in Lou CountyAnnual tributeCreated by Xu Chaojun“Dragon tail car”The drawings and descriptions were issued to all counties of Pinus to facilitate farmland irrigation.
On the fourth day of November in the fifteenth year of Daoguang (1835),Jiangsu GovernorLin ZexuGo to Songjiang to investigate water conservancy.
On June 20 and 21, the 22nd year of Daoguang (1842), a British shipThe Huangpu RiverGoing west, he wanted to find a way to invade Suzhou, but was introduced into Maohu Watergrass District by Wang Zaikun, a farmer in Songjiang. Unable to move forward, he returned to Shanghai.
In the fourth year of Xianfeng (1854), Sijing was in famine and Lou County was the magistrateWen KuiguangGo to collect grain and be attacked by villagers with bricks and stonessedanThe magistrate fled back to the county seat.
On May 13, the 10th year of Xianfeng (1860),Taiping ArmyCapture Songjiang Fucheng.Qing governmentHe ordered Wall to lead the "Foreign Guns Team" to fight back, and the Taiping Army withdrew from Songjiang on May 28.
On June 26 of the same year, the Taiping Army captured Songjiang Prefecture for the second time.
In March of the eleventh year of Xianfeng (1861),Wahl The headquarters of the Foreign Guns Team is set up in Songjiang City, expanding the team to nearly 5000 people.
On the seventh day of the first month in the first year of Tongzhi (1862), the Taiping Army attacked Songjiang Prefecture for the third time until June 23,TianjingUrgently, we began to retreat to the west.
In the eighth year of Tongzhi (1869), "land verification" was carried out and "land orders" were issued uniformly.
In the eleventh year of Tongzhi (1872),Zeng Guofan、Li HongzhangPlease send 11 year old student Li Rugan from Huating County to study in the United StatesAdmittedGo to the United States.
In June of the third year of Guangxu (1877),HoppersEating rice is a disaster.
In March of the 12th year of Guangxu's reign (1886), candidates from all counties of Songjiang Prefecture gathered in the capital for the official examination. Some candidates went to visit Qiujiawan Catholic Church, but were refused. The two sides quarreled and then fought each other;On March 11, the examinee became angry and set fire to the church.After the event, Songjiang Prefecture Magistrate, Huating County Magistrate and others made amends to the church and punished 8 accident candidates.
In the same year, "foot boating" began to carry passengers and goods.
In the 21st year of Guangxu (1895), Wang Liusheng founded the first modern school in the county——Chinese and Western School(also known as English School).
In the 22nd year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu (1896), Beijing and Songjiang began to set up a huge businessRemittance and Cashing Business(Beijing Qian Yi Hou JibankThe draft of 10000 taels issued by Jingping Bank will be cashed by Songjiang Financial Industry).
In the 23rd year of Guangxu's reign (1897), profiteering merchants colluded with foreign businessmen to purchase a large number of local rice exports, and took the opportunity to bid up rice prices, which aroused public anger.Villagers in Sijing and other places gathered more than ten thousand people to grab rice from hoarders and burn down Sijing Catholic Church.The government was forced to open a flat sale to calm the situation.
In the same year, the French Catholic Jesuit Church built astronomy in Xishe Mountainobservatory。
In February of the 28th year of Guangxu (1902), Zhou Peisen and Gong Mingfeng founded a private city in the cityMengxuetangIt is the first private primary school in the county.
In the same year, Hualou Government was foundedHigher Primary School, the first public primary school in the county.Within the countyYishuoAll of them were changed into private schools to promote new learning.
In the summer and autumn of the same year,choleraIt is popular and has many dead people.
In March of the 29th year of Guangxu (1903),Shanghai Post OfficeSongjiang Branch was established in the county seat.
In June of the same year, the original site of Yunjian Academy was establishedSongjiangfu Middle School。
In August of the 31st year of Guangxu's reign (1905), the teacher's simple section of Fuli Rongzhai Primary Normal School opened.
In the same month, Lou County persuaded He Dong, president of the Association, to establish gymnastics in Songjiangseminar, one of the earliest physical education schools in China.
In the same month, Songjiang Telegraph Office was established.
In the autumn of the same year, the whole festival hall founded SongjiangGirls' school(Later renamed as Songyun Women's Vocational School), the first women's school in the county.
In the same yearLi QixiangJoined the League in Tokyo and became the first member of the League in the county.
In the same year, Qinyi Towel Factory was founded, with an annual output of thousands of "Ding Brand" towels.
In the spring of the 32nd year of Guangxu (1906), there were more than 10 overseas students from Huating and Lou County in JapanTokyoJoin the Alliance.
February, Nurturing East HallcreateNursing home, the earliest kindergarten in the county.
In the same month, Songjiang Commercial Federation (referred to as "Chamber of Commerce") was established.
In the same year, members of the AllianceXia YunyunTsinghua Women's School was founded and Songjiang Branch of the League was established in the school.
In the 33rd year of Guangxu (1907), Hualou was foundedQuanxue Institute, in charge of education affairs in Huating and Lou counties.
In the same month, the railway from Shanghai to Fengjing was opened to traffic.
XuantongIn the first month of the first year (1909), Songjiang Prefecture Agricultural School was founded.
In April, from Songjiang toJiaxingSection of the railway was opened to traffic (September 12,Shanghai-Hangzhou RailwayThe whole line is open to traffic).
In September, seven counties of Songjiang Prefecture were held in ZuibaichiProperty Fair。
In May of the second year of Xuantong (1910), Hualou Police Station was established.Later, it was renamed Hualou Patrol Police Station.
On November 6 of the third year of Xuantong (1911), Songjiang declared independence.A military and political sub government was established to announce the recovery of Songcheng.
On November 7, Ma Changqi and others (students from Huili Military Academy) initiated the organization of the student army and accepted the leadership of the military and political sub government.
On November 14, the Songjiang Military and Political Sub government issued 10 articles of the Provisional Regulations of the Ministry of Justice, 10 articles of the Provisional Regulations of Trial and 6 articles of the Provisional Regulations of the Ministry of Civil Affairs.
On November 19,Ding YuexinAt Jingxian Women's School, they initiated and organized Songjiang Women's Association for Praise (used to raise money for the military and political branches).
On December 17, Jiang Shi (teaching in the government middle school), Zhang Baoyuan (chief writer of Shanghai application) and others launched the Songjiang Political Discussion Conference and founded the Political Discussion Newspaper.
