Weight refers toVariable sequenceThe number of times that each group's flag value appears in is the bearer of the variable value, reflecting the influence of each group's flag value on the average.The weighing function of weights is to reflect the proportion of each group's number of units in the total number of units, which is widely used in calculating the average and index.
In statistical calculation, the value used to measure the role of the flag value of each unit in the population is called weight.The weight determines the structure of the indicator. If the weight changes,Absolute indexThe value and average also change, so the weight is an important factor affecting the change of indicator value.There are generally two forms of weight:Absolute number（frequency）The other is expressed in relative number (frequency).Relative number is the percentage (%) calculated with absolute number orThousandth fraction(‰) is also called specific gravity.The size of the average is not only determined by the size of the flag value (variable value) of each unit in the population, which indicates that the weighing role of the weight is to reflect the proportion of the number of units in each group in the total number of units[1]。
asIndustrial production indexThe weight in is relative to the productIndividual indexstayProduction indexAn indicator that defines the importance of the formation process.The importance of products varies inDevelopment speedThe product or industry that accounts for a large proportion has a larger weight and plays a larger role in the index.Comprehensive index of industrial economic benefitsThe weights in are determined according to the importance of each indicator in the comprehensive economic benefits.Retail price indexExcept for the calculation of representative specificationsprice indexIn additionRetail salesIs the weight, and the individual commodity price indexGeneral price indexThe importance of the formation plays a role in weighing.
Form of expression
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There are generally two forms of weight:Absolute number（frequency）The other is expressed in relative number (frequency), and the relative number is expressed in percentage (%) calculated by absolute number, also called specific gravity.The size of the average depends not only on the size of the flag value (variable value) of each unit in the population, but also on the number of times (frequency) that each flag value appears. Since the number of times that each flag value appears plays a weighing role in the average, it is called the weight.
Determination method
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Internal connection of phenomena
The weight should be determined according to the internal relationship between phenomena.For example, in order to reflect the comprehensive changes in the number of multiple products, they need to be combined and compared.However, because different products have different use values and measurement units, it is impossible to directly aggregate them, so it is first necessary to find a common scale to integrate different products.We know that products with different use values can be converted into comparable value through product prices or production costs.The product price or production cost here has become the common measurement of different products.On the one hand, it enables products that cannot be directly aggregated to be converted into quantities that can be aggregated, and on the other hand, it also plays a weighting role in the calculated product items.Here, the product price or product cost is the weight we are looking for to calculate the volume index.Similarly, in order to reflect the comprehensive changes in the prices or production costs of a variety of products, it is also necessary to first solve the problem of aggregation.On the surface, the prices or costs of different products are monetary quantities, and it seems that they can be added directly. They are just a monetary expression of the value of products. There are often large differences between different products, which usually have no practical significance after adding up, because the products included in the index are not products of a unit of quantity, which requires that they be converted into comparable value quantities.Therefore, we need to take the volume of different products asscaleOn the one hand, the price or cost of different products can be converted into comparable value, and at the same time, it also plays a weighting role.It can be seen that when calculating the quantity index, the corresponding quality index (reflecting the quantity contained in things) should be used as the weight. For example, the retail price should be used as the weight for the retail quantity index of goods, and the production price or production cost should be used as the weight for the product output index;When calculating the quality index, the corresponding volume should be taken as the weight, such asRetail price indexThe sales volume should be taken as the weight, and the production price or production cost index should be taken as the weight, etc[2]。
Period of weight
Whether it is calculationQuantity index, or calculationQuality index, both require that the weights of the numerator and denominator in the index must be in the same period.At the same time here, bothbase period, or they can all be reporting periods or a fixed period.However, using weights in different periods will produce different calculation results, and the actual meaning of the index will also be different.The weight should be determined in which period, usually depending on the expected purpose of calculating the index and the characteristics of the phenomenon studied.[2]
Specific form of weight
The weight can be the price, cost, production or sales volume of a group of different products, or the value of a group of products or other total forms.In addition, the weight can also take the form of proportion. For example, the price index is calculated by weighting the price of various commodities with the proportion of the sales volume of a certain category of commodities in the total sales volume.Which form of weight is used mainly depends on the data form and the calculation method selected when calculating the index[2]。
effect
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Decisive indicators
Theoretically, the weight determines the structure of indicators. If the weight changes,Absolute indexValues andaverageSo the weight is an important factor affecting the change of indicator value[3]。
Embodied proportion
The weighing function of weights is to reflect the proportion of each group's number of units in the total number of unitsindexIt has been widely used.For example,Industrial production indexThe weight in is relative to the productIndividual indexstayProduction indexAn indicator that defines the importance of the formation process.Retail price indexIn addition to using representative specifications to calculate the individual price index, retail sales should also be used as the weight.Consumer Price IndexThe weight of is derived from the consumption expenditure of residents on various goods and services and the proportion of the actual consumption expenditure of various goods and services, which plays a weighing role in the formation of the consumer price index[1]。
