A war in which mechanized weapons such as tanks and aircraft are mainly used.industrial ageThe basic form of war.
Chinese name
mechanized warfare
Foreign name
mechanized war
Discipline
military
Scope of application
strategy
Introduction to terms
Mechanized war came into being on the basis of the rapid development of science, technology and economy after the emergence of internal combustion engines.the First World WarDuring the period, in order to break the enemy'sPositional warfareSince 1916, the British army has successivelyBattle of the Somme RiverandBattle of Cambrai Tanks with assault capability were used in, and preliminary results were achieved.In 1918, Britain appearedarmored carrierAnd set up mechanized troops.Later, the armies of other European countries were also establishedMechanised Infantry Regiment , division and army.The massive use of mechanized weapons and equipment will affect the military operations andart of warThe development ofsignificant impact 。In May 1918, JF. C. Fuller put forward the idea that the army can win the war with tanks as the main body and aircraft as the auxiliary.After Fuller,AustriaLR. The Tank War, published by von Emansberg in 1934, and HW. Guderian also expounded the role of tanks and mechanized forces in the future war, as well as the formation andPrinciples of useAnd so on.
the Second World WarDuring this period, tanks, armored combat vehiclesSelf-propelled artilleryAnd othersMechanized equipmentConstantly emerging and equipping troopsArmored forceBecome the main force of the ArmyAssault force；Infantry also developed into mechanical (motorized) troops in large numbers.The navy is equippedAircraft carrierAnd submarines to become a composite service capable of conducting three-dimensional operations underwater, on the surface and in the air.The air force has developed rapidly, and many countries have establishedAir Force Wing, Division, Army andArmy group。Mainmilitary powerThe modernization of the land, sea and air forces and their high mobilityAssault forceMechanization ofCombat platformIt is widely used in war,Dismounted infantryThe cavalry and other arms gradually withdrew from the historical stage, and the mode of operations gradually developed from linear operations to in-depth operations.In terms of operational theory, there appeared G. Duhem's“Air Force Winning Theory”Fuller's“Mechanized war theory”E. Rudendorff's“General war”And other famous mechanizationWar theory, especially in Germany“Blitz warfare”Theory, proposed toArmored forceIn aircraft andAirborne troopsThe new operational concept of long-distance running attack and high-speed attack under the coordination of the World War II has become the theoretical basis of German operations in the Second World War.CorrespondingSoviet Union“Great Deep Campaign”Theory, first proposed implementationfront army、Group Army CampaignIt emphasizes to suppress the whole enemy with lethal weapons at the same timeDefense depth, break through in the selected direction, and then use mechanized troops quicklyexploitation of successAnd develop tactical victory into campaign victory to achieve the intended goal.These theories have been fully applied in the war and achieved remarkable results.
In August 1945, the United States dropped twoAtomic bombAnd declare the coming of the nuclear era.The emergence of atomic bombs and missiles has brought mechanized warfare to a new stage.During this period, the US military establishedStrategic Air CommandThe Soviet Union was formedStrategic Rocket ForceBritain, France and other countries have also established limited strategic nuclear forces.stayConventional forceIn terms of construction, the armies of powerful countries such as the Soviet Union and the United States have been equipped with powerfulCampaign tactical missile And high-performance artillery;The air force is equipped with a new type of portable missileCombat aircraft；Naval missileShips, missilesnuclear-powered submarineandnaval air forceBecome the main shock force.stayConventional warIn terms of theorylocal warResearch on the application theory of mechanized troops.From the middle and late 1970s to the middle 1980sNuclear deterrenceThe conventional war theory under the condition of.In the 1980s, the US military proposed“Air ground integrated combat”Theory, Soviet“great depthThe theory of "campaign" has developed into the theory of "large depth and three-dimensional campaign", and the theory of mechanized war has been further developed.
In the middle and late 1980s, high technology with information technology as the core developed rapidly and was widely used in the military field, triggering a new militarytechnological revolution, making a qualitative leap in weapons and equipment, and also promotingMilitary systemRevolution in organization, combat methods and military theory.In 1991Persian Gulf WarIs a sign, which is marked byPrecision guided weapon, intelligence support system andElectronic warfareThe information warfare system, which is mainly composed of the three systems, and the extensive application of other high technologies in the military field have greatly changed the face of mechanized warfare.The mechanized war theory that has dominated the war stage for nearly a century has been greatly impacted and challenged.
Mechanized warfare is characterized by: ① high speedmaneuverabilityOur aircraft, tanks and warships have become the main equipment for combat. ②In the war, the army's offensive capability has been greatly enhanced, breaking the advantage of defense.Due to the use of tanks and other equipmentDefendThe advantages of "" no longer exist, greatly changing the way the army fights. ③ "The battlefield has expanded and the situation has changed dramatically.The massive use of mechanized equipment, the firepower, assault force, mobility and integrity of the militaryCombat capabilityThe unprecedented increase has led to the expansion of combat operations from land and sea to the air, blurring the boundaries between the front and the rear, rapidly changing battlefield conditions, rapid transformation of power balance, and frequent conversion of attack and defense. ④Three dimensional operations and deep operations have become important modes of operations.Operations are carried out at multiple levels and in all directions.The combination of land and air forces has increased the number of fire assaults, large depth circuitous penetrations and rushing attacks in the full depth of campaign deployment. ⑤Contractual and joint operations have developed rapidly.The contract operation, which is dominated by the army and coordinated by all services and arms, has gradually developed into a joint operation of all services, and its combat power has greatly improved. ⑥Destructive powerStrong, huge consumption.Mechanized weapons and equipment have a great demand for ammunition, oil and other materials. The damage rate of weapons and equipment is high, casualties are increasing, and the damage is serious. They are more dependent on a strong economy, sufficient human resources and materials, smooth transportation and goodlogistic service。⑦The quality requirements for the personnel participating in the war have been constantly improved, and the number of support personnel on the battlefield has increased significantly.
With the development of the times and the progress of science and technology, information-based weapons and equipment have played an increasingly important role in the battlefield,Information control rightIs gradually becoming the key factor determining the outcome of the war, andindustrial ageAppropriate mechanizationWar patternWill also beInformation warReplaced by.
