Wooden bean (scientific name:Xylia xylocarpaTaub.) is a large deciduous tree of Leguminosae. Its trunk is complete and straight, up to 40 meters high, 90-120 cm in diameter at breast height, and its wood is reddish brown.2 back feathery compound leaves, long oval, shiny leather.Entire, capitate, aggregated top or upper branches;Small flowers;Calyx cup-shaped, 5-toothed.The pods are dark red, the pericarp is woody, and the surface is covered with yellowish brown hairs.Seeds dark brown, surrounded by woody endocarp, flat, elliptic or broadly ovate.Flowering in summer and autumn, fruiting in autumn and winter.[1]
It is native to India, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Cambodia, Thailand and other places in tropical Asia;It was introduced into China in 1967 and cultivated in Guangdong, Yunnan and Hainan.It grows in dry dense forest and savanna.[1]
Wood pods are of good quality, drought resistant, fast growing, dry and straight. They are valuable timber species with development prospects in tropical and subtropical China, as well as high-quality timber for oil wells, docks, bridges, buildings, vehicles, etc.It is a special timber with teak, and also an important export timber of Myanmar.[1]
Chinese name
pyinkado
Latin name
Xylia xylocarpaTaub.
Alias
Golden car wood、Rosewood、Thailand Red Flower Pear、Tiger skin sandalwood、Myanmar Tiemu
fallen leavesBig arborThe trunk is complete and straight, up to 40 meters high, 90-120 cm in DBH, and the wood is reddish brown.Two pinnate compound leaves, 10-30 cm long, 5-8 leaflets, alternate, long elliptic, 2-4.5 cm wide, 5-8 cm long, shiny leather.
Full edge,Capitulum, aggregated branches or upper branches;The flowers are small and white;Calyx cup-shaped, 5-toothed;petal5 stamens;Filaments are often twisted, ovary is superior, and ovules are counted in one compartment.The pods are dark red,peelWooden, about 15 cm long and 6 cm wide, covered with yellowish brown hairs.Seeds dark brown, surrounded by woody endocarp, flat, elliptic or broadly ovate.Flowering in summer and autumn, fruiting in autumn and winter。[1][3]
It grows in dry dense forest and savanna.In natural distribution areasteak、BorneolAnd other species.In the west, south and central parts of Myanmar, Myanmar has the best growth and the largest number.Most of them are distributed in hillsides and valleys below 1000 meters above sea level with annual precipitation of 1500-2000 mm.It is not widely distributed on the plain. It is rarely distributed when the precipitation is less than 1500 mm or more than 1000 mm above the sea level.In the tropical humid deciduous forest with an altitude of 500 meters and a precipitation of 2500 mm, there are natural forests in Hubli, 15 ° north latitude of IndiaPachydermaAnd so on.[1]
Seedlings are resistant to shade, but need sufficient light during growth, so they grow to the top of the canopy.It enjoys a warm and humid climate. It grows fast in early tropical areas, and is most suitable in areas with annual precipitation of 1600-3000 mm. It is not very cold resistant.According to the introduction test in the United States, plants planted below 1 ℃ in winter will suffer from freezing damage, and will stop growing below 8 ℃.The site conditions of soil are not strict. It often grows in the forest with loose and fertile humus. The acid soil with pH of 4.5-6.5 is suitable. It is more sensitive to water. The wet land grows faster. Dry heat will cause defoliation and flowering, affecting the normal growth rate. The root system has mycorrhiza.[1]
Distribution range
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India, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Cambodia, Thailand, etc., which are native to tropical Asia, are widely distributed in Myanmar, as well as in the humid area of the Western Indian Peninsula and the upper reaches of the Godavari River basin.It was introduced into China in 1967 and successfully planted in the experimental station of the Tropical Forestry Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Forestry Sciences. It has been cultivated in Guangdong, Yunnan and Hainan (Tunchang, Sanya and Jianfeng).[1]
Reproductive methods
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Seed collection
The pods mature in autumn and winter, and the fruits are placed in a ventilated place after harvesting. Mature pods generally do not crack automatically, so it is necessary to knock the pods with a stick to take out the seeds.The pure seeds can be stored in a ventilated, dry and cool place in a plastic woven bag.[1]
sow
Dry seeds need to be soaked in warm water for 48 hours before sowing on the seedbed. The substrate should be mixed with sand and topsoil. The substrate that is easy to dry or waterlogged is not suitable.The sowing method is adopted. The soil is covered to the extent that no seeds can be seen. The bed surface is covered with a shading net. The bed surface is drenched once in the morning and evening to keep the bed surface wet. The germination starts in about 6 days.When 50% of the seeds germinate, the shading net must be opened in time, and the germination rate can reach 84%.When the buds grow true leaves, they are moved into the nutrient cup for cultivation and shaded with a shading net;It can also be transplanted in separate beds. When the buds grow out of true leaves, it can be carried out. The row spacing is 20cm × 20cm.[1]
cultivation techniques
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plant
The hillside with sunny, loose soil and good drainage shall be selected for planting, which is suitable for mixed afforestation with trees with sparse crown such as teak.First chop miscellaneous materials and smelt mountains, and then conduct hole shaped land preparation. The specification of planting holes is 50cm × 50cm × 50cm. Each hole is used with about 2-3 kg of retted farmyard manure as base fertilizer.Select rainy and rainy days in rainy season to go up the mountain for afforestation. The row spacing of afforestation plants is 3m × 3m or 4m × 3m.[1]
After 2 months of planting, it is advisable to cut weeds, loosen soil, expand holes and apply fertilizer once respectively.Due to the strong sprouting power and more sprouting tillers of Myanmar ironwood, the redundant sprouting clockwork should be removed in time and 2 robust sprouting clockwork should be left.Young seedlings only need some light, and exposure will affect their growth.Planting subshrubs like sesbania around to form a certain shade to promote the growth of seedlings.In the first to second years, hole expansion, soil loosening and fertilization should be carried out once in the growing season, which can effectively promote the growth, make the roots penetrate deep into the soil, and enhance the ability to resist drought and wind.When the tree reaches 2-3 meters high, it will enter the fast-growing period, and it can grow freely.In the fertile area with sufficient rainfall, the annual timber production can reach 10-15 m3/ha.[1]
Disease and insect control
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It is easy to be infected with sudden collapse disease at seedling stage, and 70% can be usedMancozebSpray 800-1000 times of wettable powder or 600-1000 times of 75% carbendazim wettable powder.[1]
Key values
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Wooden bean isMyanmarAnd even in the whole Southeast Asia are used to build timber forests.The proportion of wood is large (1170-1330 kg/m3 of naturally dried wood), the material is hard and durable, sapwood is light yellow, heartwood is red, and can be used to build houses, bridges, etc. The processing performance of wood is excellent, and it is also a good wood for making furniture.The tannin content of bark is 14%, which can be extracted.[1]
