wood processing

A stable process system

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Wood processing, which takes wood as raw material and mainly uses mechanical or chemical methods for processing, its products still maintain the basic characteristics of wood. stay Forest industry Medium, wood processing industry and Chemical processing of forest products be otherwise similar Forest cutting and transportation The follow-up industry is wood Comprehensive utilization of resources The important department of.

Chinese name: wood processing
Foreign name: wood processing
Raw materials: wood

Features: Still maintain the basic characteristics of wood
Status: Forest harvesting Follow up industry of transportation
Include: Wood cutting, wood drying, wood gluing

catalog

four Development prospect

principle

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Wood processing technologies include Wood cutting 、 Wood drying 、 wood bonding 、 Wood surface decoration And other basic processing technologies, and Wood protection 、 Wood modification And other functional processing technologies. Cutting includes sawing, planing, milling, drilling, sanding and other methods. Due to the influence of wood texture and texture, the cutting method is different from other materials. Wood moisture content yes Cutting There are also influences, such as veneer manufacturing and chip production Wet wood Cutting, dry material cutting is required for most machining parts. Drying usually refers specifically to Timber dry. other Wood materials Such as veneer, shavings Wood fibre The drying of the Plywood 、 Particleboard 、 Fiberboard manufacturing process Components of. Wood adhesive The emergence and development of gluing technology is not only the main factor to improve the level of wood processing technology, but also the reconstituted wood and improved wood, such as various layered building blocks Glued wood And so on. wood surface finishing At first, the purpose was to protect wood, such as traditional tung oil and lacquer painting; Later, it gradually evolved into Decorative In fact, any surface decoration has a protective effect. The surface decoration of wood-based panels can be slab Simultaneously during manufacturing. Wood protection includes Wood preservation , moth prevention and Wood flame retardant And other methods such as brushing, spraying and dipping with corresponding agents to prevent fungi insect Damage to wood by marine burrowing animals and other organisms; Or prevent fire damage. Wood modification is to improve or improve some physical and mechanical properties of wood or chemical property And technical processing. When the above processing technologies are used, the reaction of different tree species can show different properties, which is called the technological properties or processing characteristics of wood.

Process characteristics

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Research on wood processing Process technology Based on wood science, it applies the theories and methods of physics, chemistry, biology, mechanical engineering, thermal engineering and other fields Cross disciplinary A comprehensive discipline.

advantage

Wood has the advantages of light weight, high strength to weight ratio, good elasticity, impact resistance, rich and beautiful texture and color, and easy processing, and has been listed as an important raw material since ancient times. Wood industry also plays an important role in the national economy due to its low energy consumption, less pollution and renewable resources. The products have been processed from the initial processing of logs, such as poles, pitlogs Sleeper And various sawn timber, and reprocessed products developed into finished timber, such as Building components , furniture, vehicles, ships Stationery 、 Packaging container And other wood products, as well as wood reprocessing products, namely various wood-based panels, glued wood, etc., so that the wood industry forms an independent industrial system.

shortcoming

Poor fireproof performance, suitable for decay and deterioration, vulnerable to insect damage Use environment For example, the requirements for humidity are high.

Historical evolution

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The wood processing industry has become a national leader Development speed One of the fast and promising manufacturing industries Growth rate It is much higher than the average level of the whole manufacturing industry. From 2001 to 2010, the average annual growth rate of output value of wood processing industry reached 25%, sales revenue Annual average growth rate 26%. In 2010, the industry realized Total industrial output value 674.425 billion yuan, accounting for gross domestic product The proportion is nearly 2%.

Wood has light weight Strong weight ratio High elasticity, impact resistance, rich and beautiful texture, easy processing and other advantages, have been listed as important raw materials since ancient times, timber industry because energy consumption Low pollution and resources Reproducibility , on national economy China occupies a very important position.

The products have been processed from the initial processing of logs, such as Electric pole 、 mine timber 、 Sleeper And other sawn timber, developed into finished wood reprocessing products, such as plywood, fiberboard, particleboard and other man-made boards, so that the wood industry has become independent industrial system 。 stay Forest industry Medium, wood processing industry and Chemical processing of forest products be otherwise similar Forest cutting and transportation The follow-up industry is wood Comprehensive utilization of resources The important department of.

suffer international capital Driven by large inflows, China's wood processing industry has developed rapidly, and its production capacity has increased rapidly.

data display In 2010, the national sawn timber output was 37.2263 million cubic meters; 18735100 cubic meters of wood chips and wood grain processing products; wood Bamboo flooring The output reached 479 million square meters; In 2010, the output of wood-based panels reached 153.6083 million cubic meters, including 71.3966 million cubic meters of plywood, 43.5454 million cubic meters of fiberboard, 12.642 million cubic meters of particleboard, 27.24 million cubic meters of veneer, and 295 million square meters of surface decorative panels of wood-based panels.

Brief History of China

In the Stone Age, China started the history of wood processing with stone as the blade and wood as the boat. Bronze Age , appears Saw blade Rudiment of; Legend of the Spring and Autumn Period Luban Inventing ink angle square And other woodworking tools. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, Woodworking tools There are more varieties, adze and chisel were invented one after another. Northern Wei Dynasty Hour Jia Sixie On《 Qi People's Essential Skills 》The processing and utilization of wood are discussed in. From the Tang Dynasty to the Song Dynasty, more complicated technologies such as sawing, air drying, splicing and enveloping have been used to manufacture wood columns, and cooking and drying have been developed to improve the stability of wood structures processing method , as well as wedge adding and seam reserving technology. Ming furniture It is famous at home and abroad for its exquisite structure and simple shape.

After 1949, China relied on its own Forest resources The wood production base and wood processing industrial system have gradually formed, and the related scientific research has also been greatly developed. From 1949 to 1986, the annual timber output increased from 5.67 million cubic meters to 65.02 million cubic meters; The production of sawn timber increased from 3.44 million cubic meters in 1950 to 15.05 million cubic meters in 1986; The plywood production increased from 35400 cubic meters in 1953 to 611000 cubic meters in 1986; The chipboard output was 5400 cubic meters in 1962 and 210000 cubic meters in 1986; Fiberboard produced 11600 cubic meters in 1959 and 1.02 million cubic meters in 1986. melamine Trim panel It started production in the early 1960s and has grown to an annual output of more than 10 million cubic meters in 1986. In terms of research work, it was established in 1958 China Academy of Forestry Sciences , and set wood Industrial research All. Since then, local wood industry research institutions have successively established in Beijing, Shanghai Harbin And other places. every province Forestry Most scientific research institutes also have scientific research departments for wood processing, such as Beijing, Nanjing and Northeast Forestry University And other forestry colleges have wood processing departments. 1980 China Forestry Society The Wood Industry Society was established. Published on the basis of research on the properties of domestic wood《 Wood science 》And small fiberboard Production technology And use domestic products Material design The melamine decorative board production lines manufactured by. The Forest Products Industrial Design Institute of the Ministry of Forestry is responsible for the design of wood processing technology, equipment and plant construction, and there are 7 in China Forestry machinery The factory has the manufacturing capacity of complete wood processing equipment.

In 2005, China's exports of several major categories of timber products were almost in a rising trend. In terms of quantity, log, sawn timber, plywood, fiberboard and furniture increased by 16.94%, 35.68%, 30.45%, 355% and 18.27% respectively compared with the same period in 2004; In terms of value and amount, they increased by 5.73%, 34%, 55.32%, 393% and 29.43% respectively year on year. These figures fully illustrate that in 2005, China Wood products The development of industry has made rapid progress. Even in the category of logs and sawn timber, which largely depends on imports, the Chinese wood industry has also made active exploration, changing imports into exports, in order to obtain the value increase.

Since 2006, China Forestry industry The total value is increasing at a double-digit rate every year, exceeding 900 billion yuan. China's timber industry presents Investor Diversity Industrial scale The good trend of expansion and industrial agglomeration has initially realized three strategic changes: natural forests Dominant utilization Plantation Transformation of dominance; By expanding the single production scale Development mode The transformation to the compound development mode of expanding scale and saving use; The transformation from using one market and one resource to using two markets and two resources at home and abroad.

Since 2008, China's imports of plywood, fiberboard and particleboard have decreased compared with 2007. In the first three quarters of 2008, 234524 cubic meters of plywood, 248607 tons of fiberboard and 182017 tons of chipboard were imported, down 1.75%, 26.39% and 25.07% respectively from the same period in 2007. For foreign high-end Solid wood furniture requirement Increase. In the first three quarters of 2008, a total of 183.8962 million dollars of solid wood furniture were imported, Year on year growth 66.89%。

In the first three quarters of 2008, plywood exports to the United States dropped from 1501363 cubic meters in the same period of 2007 to 1065772 cubic meters in the same period of 2008, down 29.01%; stay MDF In terms of exports, 1542895 tons were exported in the first three quarters of 2008, a decrease of 246300 tons or 13.77% over the same period of 2007; In terms of chipboard export, 97757 tons were exported in the first three quarters of 2008, compared with 2007 Growth over the same period 7.27%； In terms of wood furniture export, in the first three quarters of 2008, the export reached 5.048 billion US dollars, an increase of 5.7% over the same period of 2007, of which Guangdong Provincial growth was 0.25%.

A Brief History of Europe

Europe appeared in 1348 Frame saw ; But before the 18th century; Europe and America Wood processing in the country is basically in the stage of manual operation. Europe The Renaissance During this period, the inlaying process of wood products reached a very high level. The need for decoration of wood products such as furniture promoted the development of veneer manufacturing technology, and France invented Veneer peeling machine and Planer 。 In the middle of the 19th century, it was first built in Germany Plywood Factory. At the beginning of the 1920s, the wood-based panel New industry Categories. It is related to Lumber , Wood products industry constitutes wood Processing industry 3 major branches of the industrial system. In the 1940s, wood processing entered the stage of comprehensive utilization. In the 1960s and 1970s, the variety of wood-based panels increased rapidly and the output continued to increase, while the proportion of wood production decreased relatively industrial product from Traditional structure Steering plate structure. Some European countries did not increase forest harvesting but doubled the production of wood industry, reflecting that Comprehensive utilization of wood The technology has matured. At the same time, wood technology has gradually established corresponding branch disciplines according to product types and process properties, such as wood making, wood cutting, wood drying, wood protection, wood bonding, wood product manufacturing technology Wood based panel manufacturing Technology, wood modification and wood surface decoration.

Modern period

The gradual mechanization of China's wood processing industry began in the late Qing Dynasty. At that time, foreign businessmen set up mechanized lumber plants in China, and then developed flooring, doors and windows, etc Housing construction For objects Wood processing plant ； At the beginning of the 20th century, another factory was set up to produce plywood. Since the mid-1950s, plywood production has developed, and then began to manufacture Particleboard and Fiberboard ； surface Decorative materials And laminated materials have also emerged. This marks that China's wood processing industry has entered a modernization period centered on comprehensive utilization.

Development prospect

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Wood processing has become a stable Process system The degree of specialization has been constantly improving. The application of computer, the innovation of wood making technology, and the processing of wood products Industrial system The change of, even the wood-based panel Production process And products Design engineering The development of has played an important role. In the future, microprocessors will go deeper into many wood processing technology fields, such as logs Sawn timber Of Gauge , grading, wood, veneer, etc drying process Control and hot pressing process parameters adjustment. At the same time, bioengineering Applied to fiber separation process The possibility of, Directional technique The further improvement of Shavings And fiber according to the requirements of product use performance organization and texture arrangement, become the latest technology in wood processing. In addition, on the New technological revolution Under the influence of, none Wood core Rotary cutting 、 Glueless gluing , chip free cutting, as well as the experimental research on the application of flexible processing systems in the wood products industry, all indicate that the wood processing technology will further undergo major changes.

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