Organic synthesis

[yǒu jī hé chéng]

The process of chemical reaction of single substance to synthesize organic matter

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Organic synthesis refers to the use of chemical methods to Inorganic Or simple organic compound The process of making relatively complex organic substances. For example, from hydrogen and carbon dioxide make methanol ； from acetylene make vinyl chloride , and then obtained by polymerization polyvinyl chloride resin ； From phenol through a series of reactions adipic acid and Hexanediamine , the two are combined again Polyamide 66 fiber 。 Most organic substances, such as resin rubber , fiber dyestuff , medicines, fuels, spices, etc. can be made through organic synthesis.^[1]

Chinese name: Organic synthesis
Interpretation: Simple substance through chemical reaction synthesis organic compound Process of
Analytical method: Reverse synthesis analysis, hydroxyl Introduction of

Approach: Organic reaction
founder: F. Weiler
Classification: Basic organic synthesis

catalog

brief introduction

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Using easily available raw materials Organic reaction , generating Organic compound 。

concept

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In 1828, F. Weiler Inorganic Ammonium cyanate Synthetic animals Metabolites urea , several years later H Kolbe It's synthesized again acetic acid Since then, organic synthetic chemistry has developed rapidly. Organic synthesis can be roughly divided into two aspects: ① basic organic synthesis. Including coal, oil water It is important to synthesize with air and other raw materials chemical industry Raw materials, such as Synthetic fibre , plastic and synthetic rubber Raw materials, solvents, Plasticizer , gasoline, etc., whose output is almost close to that of steel Order of magnitude 。② Fine organic synthesis. Including compounds that synthesize more complex molecules from simpler raw materials, such as Chemical Reagents , medicine, pesticide dyestuff , spices and detergents, etc. Since the 1970s, new fields of organic synthesis have developed rapidly, such as some with certain stereopsis conformation Some new theories and methods such as reaction mechanism 、 Conformational analysis 、 photochemistry , various Physical methods Analytical means Progress in application, especially Conservation principle of molecular orbital symmetry It has played a great role in promoting organic synthetic chemistry.

analytical method

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(1) Organic synthesis methods include forward synthesis analytical method And reverse synthesis analysis.

(2) The forward synthesis analysis method starts with known raw materials, finds out the direct or indirect intermediates required for synthesis, and gradually pushes forward to the target organic compounds for synthesis.

Basic raw materials → intermediate → Intermediate →...... → Target compound

(3) Reverse synthesis analysis is a common method to design complex compounds. It is to step back the target compound to find the intermediate of the previous reaction, which can be obtained from the intermediate of the previous step, and so on, to finally determine the most suitable basic raw materials and the final synthesis route.

Target compound → intermediate → intermediate →...... → basic raw material