The lunar orbiter 5, weighing 385.6 kg, was launched by the Cosmos Aegean carrier rocket on August 1, 1967.After the mission, 99% of the lunar surface has been mapped.
The lunar orbiter 5 weighs 385.6 kgAugust 1, 1967, launched by the Cosmos Aegean carrier rocket.The US lunar exploration mission is one of a series of unmanned lunar exploration flights to prepare for the manned Apollo landing mission.
Task situation
Announce
edit
Lunar orbiter 5 provides maps needed for Apollo moon landing, equipped with dual lensesmovie camera, providing the most complete image of the moon.After the mission, 99% of the lunar surface has been mapped.ThisspacecraftThe mission ended on January 31, 1968.
Lunar Orbiter Image Restoration Project
Announce
edit
The Lunar Orbiter Image Restoration Project (LOIRP) was developed byNASAA project provided by SkyCorp, SpaceRef Interactive and private individuals to digitize the original simulation data tapes of five lunar orbiting spacecraft sent to the moon from 1966 and 1967.
The first image successfully recovered by the project was released in November 2008.This is the first picture of the moon and earth taken in August 1966.On February 20, 2014, the project announced that it had completed the main tape capture part of the project [2] A medium resolution image, most of a high resolution image and three other parts were missing, apparently due to errors in their recording.[3] The remaining lunar orbit images have been successfully recovered and are being digitally processed before being submitted to NASA's planetary data system.[1]
Lunar Orbiter 1
Announce
edit
The lunar orbiter 1 robot (unmanned) spacecraft is a part of the lunar orbit plan and the first American spacecraft to travel on the moon.It was designed to photograph the smooth areas of the lunar surface in order to select and verify a safe landing site for the surveyor and Apollo missions.It is also equipped with selenium generation, radiation intensity and micrometeoroid influence data.
The spaceship was placed in the earth's parking orbit at 19:31 on August 10, 1966.Translunar injection burns occurred at 20:04 UTC.The space shuttle experienced a temporary failure of the Canopus star tracker (possibly due to sunlight) and overheated during the cruise to the moon.Solve the problem of interstellar tracker by using the moon as a reference, and reduce overheating by orienting the spacecraft 36 degrees outward to reduce the temperature.
The lunar orbit 1 was injected into the elliptical near equatorial lunar orbit 92.1 hours after launch.The initial orbit is 189.1 × 1866.8 km (117.5 mi × 1.160.0 mi), the time is 3 hours and 37 minutes, and the inclination is 12.2 degrees.On August 21, peritune dropped to 58km (36 miles), and on August 25, it dropped to 40.5km (25.2 miles).The spacecraft obtained photographic data from August 18 to 29, 1966, and released them on September 14, 1966.[2]
Lunar Orbiter 2
Announce
edit
The Lunar Orbit 2 spacecraft is a part of the lunar orbit plan. It is mainly used to photograph the smooth area of the lunar surface for the surveyor andApolloSelection and verification of safe landing points for the mission.It is also equipped with selenium generation, radiation intensity and micrometeoroid influence data.
The spacecraft was placed on a cis lunar trajectory and injected into an elliptical near equatorial lunar orbit for data acquisition after 92.5 hours of flight time.The initial orbit was 196.88 km (122 miles × 1150 miles) with an inclination of 11.8 degrees.Fifty three days later, after 31.30 minutes, the crisis dropped to 49.7 km (30.9 km).On December 7, read that the amplifier failure on the last day led to the loss of six photos.On December 8, 1966, the inclination was changed to 17.5 degrees to provide lunar gravity data.
Lunar Orbiter 2
The spacecraft acquired photographic data from November 18 to 25, 1966, and released them on December 7, 1966.A total of 609 high resolution and 208 medium resolution frames were returned, and most of the high-quality resolutions were as low as 1 meter (3 feet 3 in).These include the spectacular oblique photos of Copernicus crater, which are called one of the great photos of this century by the news media.Obtain accurate data from all other experiments throughout the task.The influence of three micro meteorites is recorded.The spacecraft was used for tracking purposes until its command on the latitude and latitude of October 11, 1967 (119.1 degrees E longitude (coordinates of selenium sites)) affected the lunar surface.[3]
Lunar Orbiter 3
Announce
edit
The lunar orbiter 3 is a spacecraft launched by NASA in 1967 and is a part of the lunar orbit movement plan.Its design is mainly to photograph the area of the moon surface to confirm the safe landing site of the surveyor and Apollo mission.It is also equipped with selenium generation, radiation intensity and micrometeoroid influence data.
The spacecraft was placed on a cis lunar trajectory and injected into an elliptical near equatorial lunar orbit at 21:54 on February 8.The track is 210.2 × 1801.9 km (130.6 mi × 1119.6 mi), the inclination is 20.9 degrees, and the time is 3 hours and 25 minutes.The track for four days (25 tracks) was changed to 558.87 km (34 miles × 1148 miles).The spacecraft acquired photographic data from February 15 to 23, 1967, and released it on March 2, 1967.The film promotion mechanism showed unstable behavior during this period, so it decided to start reading earlier than planned.These frames were successfully read. Until March 4, when the film lifting motor burned out, about 25% of the frames could not be read on the paper receiving reel.
Lunar Orbiter 3
A total of 149 medium resolution and 477 high resolution frames were recovered.The frame is of good quality, with a resolution of 1 meter (3 feet 3 inches).It includes a frame for the landing site of Surveyor 1, allowing to identify the position of the spacecraft on the ground.Obtain accurate data from all other experiments throughout the task.The spacecraft was used for tracking purposes until October 9, 1967 on the moon surface at latitude 14.3 degrees, latitude 97.7 degrees (coordinates of selenium sites).[4]
Lunar Orbiter 4
Announce
edit
Lunar Orbit 4 is an unmanned American spacecraft, which is a part of the lunar orbit movement plan and is intended to operate in lunar orbit. Later, the three rail transit vehicles have completed the requirements for Apollo mapping and site selection.The broader goal is to "conduct a systematic photographic survey of the characteristics of the moon's surface to increase scientific knowledge of its nature, origin and process, and serve as the basis for selecting sites for more detailed scientific research and subsequent orbital and landing missions." It is also equipped with selenium, radiation intensity and micrometeoroid impact data.The spacecraft was placed on a cis lunar trajectory and injected into an elliptical polar extremely high lunar orbit for data acquisition.The track is 2706 by 6111 km (1681 miles by 3797 miles), with an inclination of 85.5 degrees and a duration of 12 hours.
After the first photography on May 11, 1967, the popularity of the camera began to have problems, and the response to the open and close commands was poor.Worried that the door may be stuck in a closed position, coveringCamera lensCauses the decision to leave the door.This requires additional attitude control maneuvers on each track to prevent light from leaking into the camera, which can damage the movie.On May 13, it was found that some films were damaged by light leakage, and the door was tested and partially closed.Then it is suspected that some fogging of the lens is caused by condensation due to lower temperature.The temperature change of the camera increases the temperature of the camera, usually eliminating the fog.The continuous problem of the readout drive mechanism that started and stopped on May 20 led to the decision to terminate the photography part of the mission on May 26.Although there was a problem with the reading drive, the entire movie was read and transmitted.The spacecraft acquired photographic data from May 11 to 26, 1967, and launched on June 1, 1967.The orbit was then lowered to collect orbital data for the upcoming Lunar Orbit 5 mission.[4]
Lunar Orbiter 4
Lunar Orbiter 5
Announce
edit
Lunar orbiter 5, the last lunar orbiter series, was designed to take additional Apollo and surveyor landing site photography, and to take extensive survey images of parts of the far side of the moon that were not photographed.It is also equipped to collect selenium generation, radiation intensity and micrometeoroid impact data, which are used to evaluate manned space flight network tracking stations and Apollo orbit determination plans.The spacecraft was placed in a downwind track, and on August 5, 1967, it was injected into an elliptical near polar lunar orbit of 194.5 × 6023 km (120.9 miles × 3742.5 miles) with an inclination of 85 degrees for 8 hours and 30 minutes.On August 7, the surrounding area was lowered to 100 km (62 miles), and on August 9, the track was lowered to 99 km (62 miles × 931 miles), 3 hours and 11 minutes.
Lunar Orbiter 5[4]
The spacecraft acquired photographic data from August 6 to 18, 1967, and released them to August 27, 1967.A total of 633 high resolution and 211 medium resolution frames were obtained, with a resolution as low as 2 meters (6 feet 7 inches), making the cumulative photographic reports from five lunar orbital processes to 99% of the lunar surface.Obtain accurate data from all other experiments throughout the task.The spacecraft was tracked until January 31, 1968, when the command of 2.79 degrees latitude and 83 degrees longitude (Celsius coordinate) hit the moon surface.
