Qujing, a prefecture level city under the jurisdiction of Yunnan Province, is located inYunnan ProvinceEastPearl Riversource,Yunnan、Guizhou、GuangxiAt the junction of three provinces and regions, Guizhou Province in the eastXingyi , Liupanshui, Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in the southHonghe Hani and Yi Autonomous PrefectureBordering to the westKunming, adjacent to the northzhaotong Known as "the key to Yunnan and Guizhou" and "the throat of Yunnan", it is 120 kilometers away from Kunming, the provincial capital, with an area of 28900 square kilometers, accounting for 13.63% of the area of Yunnan Province.By 2022, Qujing City will have jurisdiction over one city, three districts and five counties, with a built-up area of 103.5 square kilometers[82]。In 2023, the resident population of Qujing will be 5.688 million.[102]
Qujing is an important node of the national "Belt and Road" initiative, the Yangtze River Economic Belt strategy, the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (RCEP), and Yunnan's construction of a radiation center facing South Asia and Southeast Asia. It is also a radiation driving area of the Guangdong Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area, the Chengdu Chongqing Double City Economic Circle, the core area of the Central Yunnan Urban Agglomeration, a national comprehensive transportation hub and a regional circulation node city,Sub central city of Yunnan Province.Qujing has been boarded six times“China's Top Ten Livable Cities”List[1], obtainedNational Ecological Garden City、National Health CityEqual title[2-3], listed as the first batchNational comprehensive pilot area for new urbanization，[4]Granted“National Forest City、National Garden City”[46]title;Provincial sub central city.[5]In 2023, Qujing's GDP will be 404.891 billion yuan, an increase of 7.5% over the previous year at constant prices.[100]
Chinese name
Qujing
Foreign name
Qujing
Alias
Taste or Cuan
area number
five hundred and thirty thousand and three hundred[6]
Ancient human beings in Qujing existed earlier and have entered the Paleolithic Age since about 100000 years ago.According to scientific research on ancient cultural sites such as Yijianjiao Cave in Xuanwei, Laoshishan Paleolithic Site in Fuyuan, and Eight Towers in Zhujie Street in QujingPaleolithic Age，Nanpan RiverHuman footprints can be found along the river basin.Three or four thousand years ago, the ancestors of Qujing planted on this ancient landriceAnd create civilization.[58]
Han DynastyFirst, the county system was implemented in Qujing.Western Han DynastyIn the sixth year of Jianyuan (135 BC), Tanglang County (now Huize and Dongchuan) and Cunyan County (now Xuanwei) were established in the same yearQianwei Prefecture), markingCounty systemIt was first established in Qujing in Yunnan.YuanfengTwo years (109 years ago),Martial EmperorLiu Che sent troops to defeatPanjiangThe "Laojin, Mimo" tribes in the drainage area were subordinate to the Han Dynasty.Weixian County was built in today's Sancha area, which belongs toYizhouCounty.Yizhou Prefecture includes Weixian County (Qujing), Mumi (Xundian), Tonglai (Malong) and Tonglao (Luliang).So far, the county system of Qujing has been established.
In the third year of Jianxing in Sichuan (225 years),Zhuge LiangHe led the army to the south and fought fiercely with the rebellious tribes in the central and southern regions of PandongMeng HuoAfter being captured, he led the army to surrender to Sanbao Hot SpringShibaoshanHe made an alliance with Zhuge Wuhou.Zhuge Liang's three armies joined forces in Weixian County, and set up a monument of Ji Gong in the city.Abolish the establishment of beneficial prefectures and countiesJianning CountyAnd moved the prefecture from Dianchi Lake toWeixian。
Western Jin DynastyIn August of the sixth year of Taishi (270 years), it was divided into Jianning, Yunnan, Yongchang and XingguNingzhou, still in Weixian County, directly under the Central Dynasty.Ningzhou became the whole countryNineteen Statesone of.In the early Tang Dynasty, the Central Plains was in turmoil, and Qujing was taken by the big surname Cuan.Northern Zhou DynastyDuring this period, the Cuan family was still granted the title of governor of Ningzhou.But becauseNorthern Wei DynastyNingzhou has been set up in Pengyuan (within Gansu). To distinguish Nanzhong Ningzhou, Ningzhou in Pengyuan is renamed asBeiningNanzhongning was renamed asNanning，NanningThe word began to be used in the history of Qujing, Yunnan.[58]
Sui and Tang Dynasties
the tang dynastyNanning Prefecture was established following the Sui Dynasty.ZhenguanIn the eighth year (634), Nanning was changed toLangzhou, Shiranggovernor's office。KaiyuanIn the fifth year (717), it was renamed as Nanning Prefecture Governor's Office.The first governorWei RenshouLed the army and the people to build it 20 miles north of the old city of QujingShicheng，WudeIn the eighth year (626), the governor of Yizhou was transferred from Yizhou to today.In the seventh year of Tianbao (748)NanzhaoMore than 200000 people moved to Cuan area to eliminate CuanYongchang(Today's Baoshan area), the jurisdiction of Qujing City is controlled by the Nanzhao Tuodong envoy.Nanzhao and later Dali established in ShichengShicheng County。[58]
Song DynastyDaliMing governmentIn the third year (971), the Duan family and 37 ministries joined forces in Shicheng, restoring and developing the feudal lord system in Qujing to a certain extent, and promoting the improvement and development of social production relations.
Southern Song DynastyBaoyouThe first year (1253),Kublai khanrateMongolian cavalryto crossJinsha River, march into Yunnan.Three months later,DaliSurrender, and two years later the whole territory of Yunnan will belong to Mongolia Yuan.The Yuan Dynasty successively set up the House of Ten Thousand Households in ShichengTo yuanIn the eighth year (1271), it was changed from Momi Wanhu Mansion to Middle Road Chief Mansion.In the 13th year of the Zhiyuan era (1276), Qujing Road was set up, which governs 16 states (counties) including Nanning County, Yuezhou, Malong Prefecture, Luoxiong Prefecture, Yizuo County, Luliang Prefecture, Zhanyi Prefecture (today's Xuanwei), Jiaoshui County, Shiliang County (today's northeast of Xuanwei), and Luoshan County (today's north of Fuyuan);In the 22nd year of the Zhiyuan era (1285), Shicheng was changed intoNanning County, governing Nanning, governing Luliang, Yuezhou, Luoxiong, Malong, Zhanyi, Lunan and Rende Prefecture;In the 25th year of the Zhiyuan era (1288), the Qujing Road General Manager's Office was changed to Xuanfusi of Qujing Road;In the 28th year of the Zhiyuan era (1291), the Xuanfu Department of Qujing Road was changed to the Xuanfu Department of Qujing Road in charge of the military and civilian Wanhu Mansion.[58]
Ming and Qing Dynasties
brightHong WuIn 1381, the Ming Army invaded Kequjing, Yunnan（Baishijiang Campaign）In the following year, Qujing Road was changed to Qujing Military and Civilian Mansion, with its administrative seat in Nanning (today's Qilin District), and its prefecture (county) was basically the same as that of the Yuan Dynasty.In the 20th year of Hongwu's reign (1387), a new city was built at the foot of Shengfeng Mountain and on the coast of Jiaohai (Donghaizi) to replace Shicheng.In the Ming Dynasty, Pingyi Wei was set up in the north of Fuyuan County, directly under Yunnan Dusi;Yizuo County is located in the south of the county, belonging to Qujing Prefecture.ChenghuaIn the 12th year (1476), four soldiers including Qujing were stationed in Yunnan to prepare the road.Qujing Military Road Preparation Branch is stationed in Qujing Mansion.Set up post and pass in Qujing to strengthen ties with the mainland.
Qing DynastyAt that time, Qujing's politics was roughly similar to that of the Ming Dynasty.In the early Qing Dynasty, the governor of Yunnan and Guizhou once stationed in Qujing.Qing DynastyKangxiIn the 34th year (1695), Yiwei County and Yizuo County were removed from Pingyi County, "Yi" was changed to "Yi", and Pingyi County (now the county seat) was jointly established, which is the beginning of the name of "Pingyi" County;All previous dynasties were called "Pingyi".YongzhengThe first year“Soil improvement and return”, narrowing the difference between Qujing and the mainland;In the fifth year of Yongzheng era (1727), Xuanwei Prefecture was established from Zhanyi,Dongchuan Prefecture(Today Huize) FromSichuanBelong to Yunnan;In the eighth year of Yongzheng's reign (1730), Yidong Road was set up, and the administration was first set up in Xundian and then moved to Nanning (Qujing).In the 30th year of Qianlong's reign (1765), the Qing Dynasty changed Qujing Military and Civilian Mansion toQujing MansionThe county seat is still Nanning County.[58]
Republic of ChinaIn the second year (1913), "according to the order of the central government, all the prefectures were reduced to counties", and Qujing Prefecture was removed,Nanning CountyIt was changed to Qujing County.Except the master's familyMengzi TaoismOutside the monitoring area, other counties in Qujing belong toDianzhong RoadMonitoring area.
In the 16th year of the Republic of China (1927), Zhili was in Yunnan Province.
In January of the 37th year of the Republic of China (1948), the Office of the Inspector of the Second District of Yunnan Province was set up and stationed in Qujing County.
In September 1949, the Provisional People's Administrative Commissioner's Office in Northeast Yunnan was established.In the same month, the CPC Northeast Yunnan Local Committee was established.
On March 25, 1950, the Office of the Inspector General of Qujing Special District of Yunnan Province was set up, which was stationed in Qujing County.It governs Qujing, Zhanyi, Xuanwei, Pingyi, Malong (in Tongquan Town)Songming(in Songyang Town)Seeking for Eden(ResidentRende Town）7 counties.In November, it was renamed Qujing District Commissioner Office of Yunnan Provincial People's Government.
In July 1954, it was merged with the Yiliang Special Office into the Qujing Administrative Commissioner's Office.The Office of the Administrative Commissioner is located in Qujing County.
In 1970, Qujing Special Area was renamed as Qujing DistrictQujing County。It governs Qujing, Xundian, Xuanwei (in Rongcheng Town), Huize, Fuyuan (in Zhong'an Town), Zhanyi, Shizong (inDanfeng）, Luoping (in Luoxiong Town), Luliang (in Zhongxin Town), Yiliang, Songming (in Songyang), Malong (in Tongquan Town) and Lunan Yi Autonomous County.
On May 6, 1997, Qujing District was abolished and a prefecture level Qujing City was established. The original county-level Qujing City was divided into Qilin District and Zhanyi County.[75]
In 1954, the former Yiliang Special Area was located in Yiliang (Kuangyuan Town）Lu Liang, Luo Ping (in Luoxiong Town), Shi Zong (in Danfeng Town)Luxi、Lunan6 counties are included in Qujing Special Area.Xuanwei CountyRenamed Rongfeng County (Rongcheng Town);Pingyi CountyIt was renamed Fuyuan County (in Zhong'an Town).Qujing District governs 13 counties.
On March 26, 1957, Lunan County was changed into Lunan Yi Autonomous County;In the same year, Xundian County was changed to Xundian Hui Autonomous County (in Rende Town).
In 1958, it was revokedZhanyi County, incorporated into Qujing County.
In 1959, Rongfeng County was restored to its original nameXuanwei County。
In 1960, Malong County was abolished and merged into Qujing County;revokeShizong County, incorporatedLuoping County；revokeLuxi County, incorporatedMile County；Cancellation of Lunan Yi Autonomous County and incorporationYiliang County；Cancellation of Xundian Hui Autonomous County andSongming County, incorporated Xundian County (in Rende Town).
In 1962, Malong (in Tongquan Town), Shizong (in Zhaomin Town) and Songming (in Songyang Town) were restored.Qujing CountyChengguan TownRelocate to Zhanyi Town.
In October 1964, Huize County was transferred from Dongchuan City to Qujing District.Restore Lunan Yi Autonomous County.
In 1965, Zhanyi County (Zhanyi Town) was restored.Qujing County was moved from Zhanyi Town to Huancheng Town.
In October 1983, Qujing County and Zhanyi County were merged to form Qujing City, and Yiliang County, Lunan County and Songming County were under the jurisdiction of Kunming City.
On February 18, 1994, Xuanwei was removed from the county and set up as a city.
On December 6, 1998, Xundian Hui and Yi Autonomous County was incorporatedKunming。[76]
In February 2014, the township level administrative division adjustment in Qujing, focusing on the removal of townships (towns) and the establishment of streets, was basically completed.Qujing has 133 townships (towns and streets), including 50 towns, 41 townships (8 ethnic townships) and 42 streets.[11]
On March 31, 2016, it was agreed to revoke Zhanyi County and establish Qujing CityZhanyi DistrictThe former administrative region of Zhanyi County is the administrative region of Zhanyi District.
On April 1, 2018, with the approval of the State Council, Malong County was cancelled and Malong District of Qujing City was established.[12]
Zoning Details
By 2022, Qujing City will have jurisdiction over three districts of Qilin, Zhanyi and Malong, and five counties of Fuyuan, Luoping, Shizong, Luliang and Huize[82]In charge of Xuanwei City and Qujing Economic and Technological Development Zone.Qujing City has 137 townships (towns and streets), including 51 towns, 40 townships (8 ethnic townships) and 46 streets.Qujing Municipal People's Government is located at No. 78 Wenchang Street, Qilin District.[12]
Administrative divisions of Qujing City
place name
area number
Area (square kilometers)
Government residence
Qujing
five hundred and thirty thousand and three hundred
Qujing City is located inYunnan Guizhou PlateauThe transition zone from eastern Yunnan plateau to western Guizhou plateau in central ChinaWumeng Mountains, West andCentral Yunnan PlateauThe lake basin area is closely intertwined, and the east is gradually moving towardsGuizhou PlateauInclined transition, the middle part isYangtze River、Pearl RiverIn the watershed zone of the two major river systems, the plateau surface is well preserved and intact, and the southeast has a typical karst hilly landscape.
The highest point of Qujing City is at Guniuzhai, Daliangzi, Huize County, with an altitude of 4017.3 meters;The lowest point is at the junction of Xiangbi Ridge Xiaojiang and Jinsha River in Wangjiashan, Nagu Town, Huize County, with an altitude of 695m and a relative height difference of 3322.3m.Qujing is located in the transition zone from the eastern Yunnan plateau to the western Guizhou plateau, which is the southern extension of the Wumeng mountain system. The terrain is high in the north and low in the south, high in the west and low in the east.The landforms in the city are mainly plateau mountains, with plateau basins between them. Many landforms coexist, such as high mountains, middle mountains, low mountains, river channels and lake basins. There are 34 bazi with an area of more than 10000 mu. Among them, Luliang bazi, known as the "granary of eastern Yunnan", has an area of 771.99 square kilometers, Quzhanbazi has an area of 435.82 square kilometers, ranking first and fourth respectively in Yunnan Province.
In Qujing City, mountains and valleys are interlaced, geological structure is complex, stratum development is complete, carbonate rocks are widely distributed and large in area, and there are many karst caves and karst landforms. There are Wumeng Mountain System and Liangwang Mountain System in the mountains, which are mostly northeast to north-south or near north-south, and can be roughly divided into three parallel ridges, namely, the west, the middle and the east.[77]
Map of Qujing City
Satellite Map of Qujing City
Topographic Map of Qujing City
Electronic Map of Qujing City
Climatic characteristics
Qujing City has a subtropical plateau monsoon climate.Generally, there are good sunshine conditions in winter and spring, unstable spring temperature, high wind and dry materials, and uneven precipitation;There is no intense heat in summer, with concentrated precipitation, flood and drought, and sunny weather;In autumn, the temperature drops fast and it is cloudy and rainy;The climate is warm in winter and dry in winter, with cold wave cooling. It has a three-dimensional climate of "one mountain has four seasons, and ten miles have different days".The annual average temperature is 14.5 ℃.
The annual precipitation of Qujing City is 1218.5 mm, which is equivalent to 35.22 billion cubic meters of total precipitation, 13.5% more than the normal year and 34.4% more than the previous year. It is a normal year.The measured data of nearly 100 rainfall stations in Qujing City show that the precipitation in Qujing City is still unevenly distributed in time and space: from the perspective of spatial distribution, the annual precipitation varies from 558.5 mm to 1895.5 mm, and the high value areas of precipitation are distributed in the Huangni River basin, including Huangnihe Town and Fucun area in Fuyuan County, with the annual precipitation exceeding 1800 mm,The measured annual precipitation of Huangnihe Station in Fuyuan County is 1895.5 mm, which is the maximum of the measured annual precipitation of Qujing City;The low value areas of precipitation are distributed in the Xiaojiang Valley of Jinsha River Valley, with the annual precipitation less than 600mm, and the measured annual precipitation of Yanyangou Station is only 558.5mm.The annual precipitation in other areas of Qujing City is between 600mm and 1800mm.
From the perspective of time history distribution, the precipitation from May to October in the flood season accounts for 76.5% - 92.2% of the annual precipitation;The maximum monthly precipitation occurs in July, accounting for 14.2% - 31.1% of the total annual precipitation;The maximum precipitation in consecutive March is concentrated in June August, accounting for 43.6% - 67.2% of the annual precipitation.In the administrative division, Fuyuan County has the largest annual precipitation, 1527.6 mm, 14.5% more than normal;Malong County has the lowest annual precipitation of 962.9mm, 1.0% less than the average.The precipitation of all counties in Qujing City is more than normal except Malong County.In the water resources division, the annual precipitation of Nanpan River is 1287.4 mm, 8.0% more than that of the normal year;The annual precipitation of Beipanjiang River basin is 1336.8 mm, 34.2% more than the normal;The annual precipitation of the main stream below Shigu in Jinsha River is 1041.8 mm, 11.1% more than the normal.[77]
hydrographic features
Qujing City is located inYangtze River、Pearl RiverIn the watershed zone of the two major river systems, there are more than 80 rivers with a drainage area of more than 100 square kilometers. The main streams are Nanpan River, Beipan River, Niulan River, Huangni River, Yili River, Blocker River and Xiaojiang River, which belong to the Yangtze River and the Pearl River respectively.The Pearl River originates at the foot of Maxiong Mountain, 70 kilometers away from the urban area.,There are 29 rivers with an area of more than 200 square kilometers, including Nanpan River, Beipan River, Kuanze River, Gexiang River, Kedu River, Xijiu River in the Pearl River system, Niulan River, Yili River, and Pudu River in the Yangtze River system.[51]
soil
soil
The soil types in Qujing City are distributed from lateritic red soil to subalpine meadow soil, and the soil geographical distribution has obvious vertical zone and certain horizontal gap.The soil in Qujing City is divided into 14 soil groups, 35 sub groups, 75 soil genera and 273 soil speciesred earthMainly (61.07%), followed byPurple soil(9.84%)Yellow brown soil(accounting for 5.16%)paddy soil(4.94%)yellow soil(3.47%)Lime soil(3.47%), and other soils account for 12%.
Lateritic red soil is distributed in the southeastNanpan RiverAnd its tributaries below 1100 meters above sea level;Dry red soil is distributed in the river valley below 1300 meters above sea level in Xiaojiang, the northwest end of the river, and the process of surface soil re base is obvious;Yellow soil is the base soil in the southeast (Luoping, Shizong and the south of Fuyuan), with a high reclamation coefficient;Mountainous yellow brown soil, brown soil, dark brown soil and subalpine shrub meadow soil appear in the vertical band spectrum of high mountains and semi high mountains. Only the mountain yellow brown soil is larger in distribution, and the reclamation rate is slightly higher;Purple soil and calcareous soil are juvenile diagenetic soil, the former is concentrated in the north, and the latter is mostly found in the southeast;Alluvial soil, meadow soil and marsh soil are scattered in the Quaternary and Tertiary river valleys or lake basin dam areas. Generally, the reclamation history is long, the soil layer is deep and fertile, and most of them are turned into farmland.The original red soil is the base soil of the vast area of the eastern Yunnan plateau. It retains the residual characteristics of the ancient red weathering crust, and has strong chemical and physical weathering. It has the barrier factors of "dry, acid, sticky, thin, thin", and low organic matter content. It is one of the important factors that cause the high yield fields and slow growth of forests and grass in this region.[50]
natural resources
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land resource
Qujing City has a total area of 28904.11 square kilometers, ranking sixth in the province.The total land resources are 43.4024 million mu, 80.3% of which are mountains and hills.The total cultivated land is 12.3671 million mu, and the per capita cultivated land area is 1.9 mu.[60]
water resource
The total water resources of Qujing City is 16.96 billion cubic meters, including 13.39 billion cubic meters of surface water resources and 3.58 billion cubic meters of groundwater resources, accounting for 6% of the total amount of the province, with a per capita occupancy of 2070 cubic meters.There are more than 80 rivers with a drainage area of more than 100 square kilometers in Qujing City, belonging to the Yangtze River and the Pearl River, and 29 rivers with a drainage area of more than 200 square kilometers. The theoretical reserves of water energy resources in Qujing City are 4.063 million kilowatts, accounting for 4.2% of the province, and the exploitable capacity is 3.003 million kilowatts, accounting for 3.6% of the province.[51]
A total of 780 reservoirs have been built in Qujing, including 4 large (II) reservoirs, 29 medium-sized reservoirs, 126 small (I) reservoirs, 621 small (II) reservoirs, and 2056 ponds. The total storage capacity of reservoirs is 2.46 billion cubic meters, and the annual water supply of water conservancy projects is 1.87 billion cubic meters.[51]
Qujing has found 48 kinds of mineral resources, 30 kinds of minerals and 256 ore producing areas.There are more than 30 kinds of mineral deposits with great development and utilization value.Coal, phosphate rock, barite, lead zinc ore, pyrite, copper, antimony, tin, silver, goldMarble, fluoritemanganese mine, limestone for cement, natural gas, etc.36 kinds of coal, phosphorus, lead, zinc, antimony, iron, manganese, silica, barite, limestone, refractory, geothermal water and mineral water have been developed and utilized.[60]
The plant resources in Qujing City are mainly subtropical vegetation, and the typical vegetation includes evergreen broad-leaved forest and coniferous forest.The vegetation composition is complex, and the common ones arePinaceae、Taxodiaceae、Cupressaceae、Theaceae、Fagaceae、EuphorbiaceaeEtc.Due to historical reasons and frequent human activities, the primary vegetation has been basically destroyed and replaced by natural secondary vegetation and artificial vegetation.
There are 298 kinds of vertebrates in animal resources of Qujing City, accounting for 20% of the whole province, in which there are many birds, small animals and fish.There are more than 30 kinds of national and provincial rare animals under protection, such as civet, macaque, otter, golden cat, and zebra, including 3 kinds of fish, 11 kinds of birds, 1 kind of amphibian, and 15 kinds of mammals.There are 8 kinds of birds and 11 kinds of beasts under national protection, 19 kinds in total;There are 11 kinds of provincial protected animals, including 3 kinds of fish, 3 kinds of birds, 1 kind of amphibian and 4 kinds of mammals.[60]
According to the data of the seventh population census, as of 0:00 on November 1, 2020, the permanent population of Qujing City is 5765775.[33]
In 2021, the permanent population of Qujing will be 5701000, 64800 fewer than that at the end of last year.Among them, the urban population is 2851100, and the rural population is 2849900;The urbanization rate of permanent residents reached 50.01%, 0.98 percentage points higher than that of the previous year.The male population is 2.944 million, and the female population is 2.757 million.The annual birth population was 58100, with a birth rate of 10.19 ‰;49300 people died, with a mortality rate of 8.64 ‰;The natural population growth rate is 1.55 ‰.[48]
In April 2023, the Yunnan Provincial Bureau of Statistics released the main data bulletin on the permanent population of Yunnan Province in 2022. Qujing has a permanent population of 5.756 million, with a urbanization rate of 50.56%.[87]
By the end of 2023, the permanent population of Qujing will be 5.688 million, with an urbanization rate of 51.79%.Among them, the urban permanent population is 2.946 million, 36000 more than the end of 2022;The rural permanent population is 2.742 million, 104000 fewer than the end of 2022;The urbanization rate is 51.79%, 1.23 percentage points higher than that at the end of 2022.
In terms of age composition, 1.288 million people aged 0-15, accounting for 22.64% of the city's population;The population aged 16-59 is 3.438 million, accounting for 60.44%;962000 people aged 60 and above, accounting for 16.91%;Among them, there are 690000 people aged 65 and above, accounting for 12.13%.Compared with the data of the whole city last year, the number of children aged 0-15 decreased by 41000, or 0.44 percentage points;The number of people aged 16-59 decreased by 76000, or 0.61 percentage points;The number of people aged 60 and above increased by 49000, up 1.05 percentage points;The number of people aged 65 and above increased by 8000, with the proportion increasing by 0.28 percentage points.
In terms of gender composition, the male population is 2.935 million, accounting for 51.6% of the total population;The female population is 2.753 million, accounting for 48.4% of the total population;The sex ratio of the total population was 106.61 (100 women), a decrease of 0.14 over the previous year.
The annual birth population was 50300, an increase of 9900 over 2022, and the birth rate was 8.79 ‰, an increase of 0.17 ‰ over the previous year;The death toll was 51800, an increase of 2200 over 2022, and the mortality rate was 9.05 ‰, an increase of 0.39 ‰ over the previous year;The natural population growth rate was -0.26 ‰, down 0.23 thousandths of a point over the previous year.[102-103]
Change of permanent population in Qujing (2018~2022)
Reference source[33][48][91][93-94]
Ethnic Composition
Compared with the fifth national census, the Han population in Qujing increased by 388966, or 7.1%;The population of all ethnic minorities increased by 18368, or 4.66%.[13]
By the end of 2020, Qujing has a population of 566800 registered ethnic minorities, accounting for 8.46% of the total population, an increase of 9000 over the previous year.Among them, 308800 are Yi, 90600 are Hui, 38100 are Buyi, 41200 are Zhuang, 42000 are Miao, 10200 are Shui and 9100 are Bai. The population of these seven ethnic minorities accounts for 95.27% of the total population of ethnic minorities.Qujing is a large multi-ethnic city, with 51 ethnic groups out of 56 ethnic groups (Uzbek, Russian, Ewenki, Tatar and Hezhe are not included).[60]
Politics
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Main leaders
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full name
Municipal Party Committee
Member of the Standing Committee of the Provincial Party Committee, Secretary of the Municipal Party Committee
DataSource (data as of 2023 years 12Month):[35-36][38-39][41-44][47][61-62][85-86][88][90]
Economics
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overview
In 2021, Qujing will achieve a regional GDP of 339.391 billion yuan, an increase of 12.0% over the previous year, 3.9 percentage points higher than that of the whole country and 4.7 percentage points higher than that of the whole province.Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 53.252 billion yuan, up 9.0%, and its contribution to economic growth was 14.1%;The added value of the secondary industry was 138.15 billion yuan, up 12.5%, and its contribution to economic growth was 39.5%;The tertiary industry realized an added value of 147.989 billion yuan, up 12.7%.The tertiary industrial structure is 15.7:40.7:43.6.The annual per capita GDP reached 59195 yuan, an increase of 12.8% over the previous year.The added value of non-public economy reached 175.710 billion yuan, an increase of 12.9% over the previous year, accounting for 51.8% of the regional GDP, 1.3 percentage points higher than the previous year.[48]
In 2022, Qujing will achieve a regional GDP of 380.22 billion yuan, an increase of 8.1% over the previous year, 5.1 percentage points higher than that of the whole country and 3.8 percentage points higher than that of the whole province, ranking first in terms of growth rate and increment, and contributing more than 20% to the economic growth of the whole province for four consecutive years.[84]
In 2023, Qujing's GDP will be 404.891 billion yuan, an increase of 7.5% over the previous year at constant prices.By industry, the added value of the primary industry was 56.437 billion yuan, up 4.5%;The added value of the secondary industry was 164.971 billion yuan, up 8.6%;The added value of the tertiary industry was 183.484 billion yuan, up 7.7%.[100]
List of regional GDP of Qujing City
time
GDP
GDP per capita
increase
Tertiary industrial structure
2013
158 billion 394 million
26599 yuan
13.1%
18.3：52.9：28.8
2014
164 billion 940 million
27529 yuan
4%
18.8：50.9：30.3
2015
163 billion 26 million
27044 yuan
7.4%
19.5：39.4：41.1
2016
177 billion 511 million
29266 yuan
8.5%
18.9：38.4：42.7
2017
194 billion 112 million
31806 yuan
10%
18.1:39.0:42.9
2018
201 billion 336 million
32798 yuan
8.5%
17.9:38.6:43.5
2019
263 billion 759 million
42774 yuan
9.6%
16.6:38.1:45.3
2020
295 billion 935 million
47730 yuan
6.6%
18.7:37.0:44.3
2021
339 billion 391 million
59195 yuan
12%
15.7:40.7:43.6[48]
Change of Qujing's GDP (2018~2022)
Reference source[48][91-94]
primary industry
Qujing's total agricultural output value, added value, grain and vegetable planting area and output, pig and beef cattle stocking, marketing and meat output rank first in Yunnan Province all the year round, known as the granary in eastern Yunnan[67]It is a high-quality vegetable supply center in the Guangdong Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area, a national first-class pig breeding base and meat products processing center, a green food processing and trading center in Yunnan, and an agricultural advantageous characteristic industry green vegetables, high-quality fruits, authentic medicinal materials, emerging flowers, pigs, beef cattle, etc.[68]
In 2022, the added value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery in Qujing will be 56.342 billion yuan, an increase of 5.0% over the previous year.The total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery in the city was 91.352 billion yuan, an increase of 5.6% over the previous year.Among them, the agricultural output value was 37.118 billion yuan, an increase of 2.6%, the forestry output value was 2.747 billion yuan, an increase of 6.8%, the animal husbandry output value was 47.011 billion yuan, an increase of 9.1%, the fishery output value was 1.445 billion yuan, an increase of 3.9%, and the agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery professional and auxiliary activities output value was 3.03 billion yuan, an increase of 5.3%.The sown area of grain throughout the year was 9.4786 million mu, an increase of 0.1% over the previous year;The total grain output was 3.3262 million tons, up 0.9% over the previous year;The oil production was 20.16 million tons, down 5.3% over the previous year;The output of flue-cured tobacco was 172400 tons, up 5.7% over the previous year;The planting area of vegetables and edible fungi was 2.8828 million mu, an increase of 2.5% over the previous year, and the output was 3.9476 million tons, an increase of 5.7% over the previous year;The output of flowers and plants was 396 million, an increase of 25.2% over the previous year;The fruit output was 432200 tons, an increase of 12.4% over the previous year;The output of traditional Chinese medicine was 99400 tons, down 8.2% over the previous year.
In 2022, the total output of pig, cattle, sheep and poultry meat in Qujing will be 1.2488 million tons, an increase of 7.5% over the previous year, and the output of milk will be 45100 tons, a decrease of 7.4% over the previous year;The output of eggs was 39300 tons, an increase of 4.4% over the previous year.[91]
In 2023, the total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery will reach 91.392 billion yuan, an increase of 4.6% over the previous year.Among them, the output value of professional and auxiliary activities of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery was 3.30 billion yuan, up 7.7%.
Grain production has reaped another bumper harvest.The total grain output of the whole year was 3.3489 million tons, an increase of 22700 tons or 0.7% over the previous year.Among them, the output of autumn grain was 2.9701 million tons, an increase of 25100 tons or 0.85% over the previous year;The output of summer grain was 378800 tons, down 0.6%.
Economic crops improve quality and efficiency.The vegetable output was 4.1866 million tons, up 6.1%;The fruit output was 543600 tons, up 25.8%;The output of traditional Chinese medicine was 105600 tons, up 6.2%;The output of flowers and plants was 466 million, up 17.7%.
Animal husbandry production grew steadily.The output of pig, cattle, sheep and poultry meat was 1.2861 million tons, up 3.0%, of which the output of pork was 1.0638 million tons, up 3.1%;The beef output was 90800 tons, up 2.5%;The mutton output was 58300 tons, up 4.4%;Poultry meat output was 73200 tons, up 0.8%.Milk output was 53900 tons, up 19.5%;The output of poultry eggs was 43300 tons, up 10.1%.12.4019 million pigs were sold throughout the year, up 2.2%;At the end of the year, the number of live pigs on hand was 7.6448 million, down 5.3%.[100]
the secondary industry
Qujing City is an important industrial base in Yunnan Province. Its industrial industries are mainly tobacco and coal, and the fine chemical industry is one of the pillar industries of Qujing City. It has basically formed a new advantageous industrial cluster focusing on green hydropower aluminum, green hydropower silicon, stainless steel industry, and biological resource processing, and built a modern industrial system of Qujing City,It is the largest coal chemical machinery and equipment manufacturing center in southwest China.[63][66]By 2020, there are 10 industrial parks in Qujing, including 1 national level Qujing Economic and Technological Development Zone, 7 provincial level industrial parks and 2 municipal level industrial parks.[65]
In 2022, the total industrial added value of Qujing City will reach 122.755 billion yuan, an increase of 11.7% over the previous year, contributing 41.6% to economic growth, driving growth by 3.4 percentage points.
In 2022, the added value of industries above designated size in Qujing will increase by 16.1% over the previous year. In terms of economic types, state-owned holding enterprises will increase by 4.3%, joint-stock enterprises will increase by 13.9%, foreign-invested enterprises, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan investors will decrease by 5.1%, and private enterprises will increase by 19.6%.In terms of categories, the mining industry grew by 2.7%, the manufacturing industry grew by 22.3%, and the production and supply of electricity, gas and water grew by 7.1%.[91]
In 2021, by industry, Qujing's coal mining and washing industry will grow by 29.5%, tobacco products industry by 4.0%, ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry by 10.0%, nonferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry by 0.8%, oil, coal and other fuel processing industry by 45.1%, chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing industry by 9.9%, and non-metallic mineral products industry by 3.6%,The metal products industry declined by 17.3%, the production and supply of electricity and heat increased by 16.6%, and the manufacturing of computers, communications and other electronic equipment increased by 433%.668 industrial enterprises above designated size in Qujing City realized a total profit and tax of 33.960 billion yuan and a loss of 2.122 billion yuan.
In 2021, in terms of the output of major industrial products, Qujing will produce 26.8577 million tons of industrial raw coal above designated size, an increase of 10.7%;Coke output was 10.1854 million tons, up 19.4%;Power generation reached 24.516 billion kWh, up 3.5%;9853 cars were produced, down 33.9%;23.5915 million kg of monocrystalline silicon, up 225%;The output of ten kinds of non-ferrous metals was 1.1939 million tons, down 6.3%.Cement output was 12.8155 million tons, down 20.1%;The pig iron output was 4.8628 million tons, up 0.5%;The steel output was 6.4923 million tons, down 9.9%.
In 2021, Qujing's industrial enterprises above designated size will achieve an annual operating revenue of 253.168 billion yuan, an increase of 24.8% over the previous year;The profit was 14.428 billion yuan, up 69.9%;The operating income profit margin is 5.7%.The sales rate of industrial enterprises above designated size was 97.1%.
In 2021, the added value of the whole social construction industry in Qujing City will be 33.256 billion yuan, an increase of 13.1% over the previous year.Qujing's general contracting and professional contracting construction enterprises with qualification levels completed a total output value of 72.605 billion yuan, an increase of 23.3% over the previous year.[48]
One national Qujing Economic and Technological Development Zone, seven provincial industrial parks (Qilin, Zhanyi, Malong, Xuanwei, Luliang, Shizong, Luoping Industrial Park), and two municipal industrial parks (Fuyuan, Huize Industrial Park)
In 2023, the added value of industries above designated size in the city will increase by 11.1% over the previous year.In terms of three categories, the added value of the mining industry increased by 13.5%, and the added value of the manufacturing industry increased by 7.0%, of which the high-tech manufacturing industry and equipment manufacturing industry increased by 27.5% and 26.8% respectively.The added value of power, heat, gas and water production and supply industries increased by 27.6%.
Traditional industries are strongly supported.The added value of energy industry increased by 17.5%, 6.4 percentage points higher than the growth rate of all industries above designated size, driving the growth of industries above designated size of the city by 6.1 percentage points, with a contribution rate of 54.9%.Among them, the added value of the coal industry increased by 14.0%, and the added value of the power industry increased by 29.3%.
Emerging industries grew rapidly.The added value of computer, communication and other electronic equipment manufacturing industry increased by 28.0%, accounting for 11.0% of the added value of industries above the designated size, and contributing 31.7% to the growth of industries above the designated size. It is an important pillar industry driving the growth of industries above the designated size in the city.The added value of green silicon photovoltaic industry increased by 41.3%, contributing 25.6% to the growth of industries above designated size;The output of monocrystalline silicon was 92100 tons, up 38.4%.The added value of new energy battery industry increased by 13.4%, driving the industrial added value above the designated size of the city to increase by 0.7 percentage points;The added value of rare, precious and liquid metal industries increased by 51.3%, driving the added value of industries above the designated size of the city to increase by 0.3 percentage points.
Main industrial areas
category
name
national level
Qujing National Economic and Technological Development Zone
In 2021, Qujing will achieve a total retail sales of social consumer goods of 110.249 billion yuan, an increase of 17.9% over the previous year.From the perspective of urban and rural markets, the retail sales of social consumer goods in cities and towns reached 72.524 billion yuan, an increase of 18.3%;Rural retail sales of consumer goods reached 37.725 billion yuan, up 17.3%.From the perspective of consumption pattern, the retail sales of goods reached 98.136 billion yuan, up 17.5%;Catering revenue was 12.113 billion yuan, up 21.4%.
In 2021, the total import and export volume of Qujing City will reach 1.234 billion US dollars, 11.5% lower than the previous year;The total export volume was US $1120 million, down 18.0%, and the total import volume was US $114 million, up 342.0%.
In 2021, Qujing's transportation, warehousing and postal services will achieve an added value of 11.752 billion yuan, an increase of 14.5% over the previous year.
In 2021, Qujing City will complete a total of 707 million yuan of postal service in the whole year, an increase of 43.3% over the previous year, with postal service revenue of 704 million yuan, an increase of 33.2%, express service revenue of 403 million yuan, an increase of 56.1%, and express service volume of 33.6628 million pieces, an increase of 69.9%.
In 2021, Qujing City will complete a total of 5.008 billion yuan of telecommunication services in the whole year, an increase of 26.2% over the previous year;The revenue from telecommunications business was 3.619 billion yuan, up 7.1%.At the end of the year, there were 5.5402 million mobile phone users in Qujing, up 4.2%.There were 212000 fixed telephone subscribers, up 2.2%.Internet users reached 1.5653 million, up 12.2%.
In 2021, Qujing will receive 5200 overseas tourists, an increase of 19.3% over the previous year;43 million domestic tourists, up 30.3%;Total tourism revenue reached 44.3 billion yuan, up 20.5%.
In 2021, the balance of various RMB deposits of financial institutions in Qujing City will be 296.960 billion yuan, an increase of 20.4 billion yuan over the beginning of the year and 7.4% over the previous year;Of which, the balance of unit deposits was 104.357 billion yuan, an increase of 3.618 billion yuan over the beginning of the year and 3.6% over the previous year;The balance of savings deposits was 172.44 billion yuan, an increase of 17.381 billion yuan over the beginning of the year and 11.2% over the previous year.The balance of various RMB loans of financial institutions was 206.432 billion yuan, an increase of 26.422 billion yuan over the beginning of the year, or 15.1% over the previous year;Among them, short-term loans amounted to 54.066 billion yuan, an increase of 7.531 billion yuan over the beginning of the year and 17.7% over the previous year;Medium and long-term loans amounted to 113.442 billion yuan, an increase of 15.263 billion yuan over the beginning of the year and 15.6% over the previous year.
In 2021, 33 insurance companies in Qujing will achieve a premium income of 6.619 billion yuan, a decrease of 3.2% over the previous year.Of which, property premium income was 2.699 billion yuan, down 7.3%;Life insurance premium income was 3.92 billion yuan, down 0.2%.The compensation paid (paid) throughout the year was 2.917 billion yuan, up 3.7%, and the comprehensive property insurance compensation rate was 68.7%.[48]
In 2023, the city's industrial power generation above designated size will reach 36.702 billion kilowatt hours, an increase of 45.8% over the previous year, including 26.517 billion kilowatt hours of thermal power, an increase of 66.3%;Wind power generation reached 5.437 billion kWh, up 67.8%;Hydropower generation reached 4.326 billion kWh, down 24.8%;Solar power generation reached 422 million kWh, up 78.9%.The electricity consumption of the whole society was 35.824 billion kilowatt hours, an increase of 2.9% over the previous year.By industry, the electricity consumption of the primary industry was 487 million kilowatt hours, up 27.9%.The electricity consumption of the secondary industry was 28.506 billion kWh, up 2.0%.Among them, the industrial power consumption was 28.102 billion kWh, up 1.2%.The electricity consumption of the tertiary industry was 3.197 billion kilowatt hours, up 8.8%.The domestic electricity consumption of urban and rural residents was 3.634 billion kilowatt hours, up 2.7%.[100]
Sociology
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education
In 2021, there will be 4 ordinary colleges and universities in Qujing with 40000 students.33 secondary professional schools (12 secondary vocational and technical schools, 2 secondary normal schools, 9 adult secondary professional schools, 10 vocational high schools), with 90900 students.There are 266 ordinary middle schools with 439800 students.There are 1641 primary schools with 514800 students.There are 10 special education schools with 1458 students.1893 kindergartens, 236200 children in kindergartens.The net enrollment rate of school-age children is 99.99%, and the gross enrollment rate of junior high school students is 104.98%.[48]
In 2021, there will be 3 cultural and artistic performance groups, 10 cultural museums, 138 cultural stations and 12 museums in Qujing, including 9 state-owned museums and 3 non-state-owned museums[70]11 public libraries.The television population coverage rate is 98.78%, and the radio population coverage rate is 98.83%.[48]
In 2016, Qujing City hosted the China Football Association China Team International Football Match, 2016 "Qujing Sports Tourism Cup" ITF International Women's Tennis Tour, the seventh Asia Pacific Skillball Championship in 2016, the International Men's Basketball Match of the National Men's Basketball Team, the "Chang'an Ford Cup" Four Nations International Youth Football Championship, the National Men's Boxing Championship (Southwest South China Division)National Beach Volleyball Championships, National Youth Archery Championships and other events.
On November 15, 2019, the National Development and Reform Commission announced a number of key cities to promote the construction of social football facilities nationwide, including Qujing.[15]
Science and technology
During the "13th Five Year Plan" period, Qujing City has invested 1.02 billion yuan in financial science and technology.The R&D investment of the whole society continues to increase, with an annual investment of 3.01 billion yuan in 2020, with an average annual growth rate of 30.5%;The intensity of R&D investment (the proportion of R&D investment in GDP) is 1.02% in 2020.There are 133 high-tech enterprises and 529 technology-based SMEs above provincial level in Qujing City.Totally, it has identified 1 national science and technology enterprise incubator, 5 maker spaces, 5 Star Creation World, and created 2 national agricultural science and technology parks;3 provincial science and technology business incubators, 15 mass innovation spaces, 17 Star Creativity, 3 provincial key laboratories, 4 engineering research centers, 3 engineering research centers, 29 enterprise technology centers, and 2 manufacturing innovation centers were identified;There are 21 provincial-level academician expert workstations, 6 provincial-level high-tech industrial development zones, 3 provincial-level sustainable development experimental zones, 5 agricultural science and technology parks, 9 provincial-level county level scientific and technological achievements transformation centers, 2 scientific and technological achievements transformation demonstration zones, 2 technology transfer demonstration institutions, 7 provincial-level agricultural industry technology innovation strategic alliances, and 10 agricultural professional information demonstration service stations.[49]
During the "13th Five Year Plan" period, a total of 3 Qujing Municipal Science and Technology Innovation Meritorious Awards and 85 Science and Technology Progress Awards were selected;Independent projects won 25 provincial science and technology awards, and participating projects won 24 provincial science and technology awards.A major science and technology project reserve bank was established in Qujing, with an average of about 160 major science and technology projects reserved (delivered) every year, and a number of core key technology innovations made breakthroughs.The number of patent applications and authorizations grew rapidly, with 10484 new patent applications, 628 effective invention patents, an increase of 128.36%, and 1.09 invention patents owned by 10000 people, an increase of 147.73%.[49]
In 2021, 42 national high-tech enterprises, 46 provincial technology-based SMEs and 40 national technology-based SMEs will be newly cultivated and recognized in Qujing.There are 5 newly approved and licensed "Star Creation World", and the total number of technology business incubators reaches 4.One national agricultural science and technology park, four provincial agricultural science and technology parks, two national sustainable development experimental areas, three provincial sustainable development experimental areas, three provincial engineering technology research centers, two provincial key laboratories, 26 provincial academician (expert) workstations, and 67 municipal academician (expert) workstations have been built.Register 2 technical achievements.The turnover of technology contracts was 176 million yuan, and the turnover of technology transactions was 79.8413 million yuan.[48]
Scientific research platform
arrangement
name
National agricultural science and technology park
Qujing Xuanwei National Agricultural Science Park
Qujing Malong National Agricultural Science and Technology Park
Yunnan Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center
Yunnan Blueberry Engineering Technology Research Center
Yunnan Nonferrous Metal Ultra Deep Mining Engineering Technology Research Center
Yunnan Organic Silicon Green Manufacturing Engineering Research Center
Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory
Yunnan Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Silicon Material Preparation Technology Enterprise
Yunnan Key Laboratory of Lead and Zinc Resources Comprehensive Utilization Enterprises[71]
other
Qujing Academy of Agricultural Sciences
medical and health work
In 2021, there will be 2824 health institutions of all kinds in Qujing, including 132 hospitals, 102 township hospitals, 27 community service centers (stations), 39500 beds in health institutions and 36100 health technicians.[48]
Traditional Chinese Medicine (General) Hospital[81]
social security
In 2021, the basic endowment insurance of Qujing will cover 3816100 people, including 547400 urban employees and 3.2687 million urban and rural residents;5947000 people participated in basic medical insurance, including 475700 urban employees and 5471400 urban and rural residents;288400 people participated in unemployment insurance;491900 people participated in industrial injury insurance;323200 people participated in maternity insurance.There are 46494 urban residents enjoying the minimum living security and 264450 rural residents enjoying the minimum living security.[48]
Transportation
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overview
Four expressways (Shanghai Kunming, Hangzhou Ruili, Shantou Kunming and Yinkun) and three high-speed railways (Nanning Kunming, Guiyang Kunming and Shanghai Kunming) run through the whole territory of Qujing City. Six expressways of the "all accessible" project have been completed and opened to traffic. The mileage of expressway in Qujing City has reached 1100 kilometers.[60]
highway
In 2021, the freight transportation turnover of Qujing will be 36.177 billion ton kilometers, an increase of 29.4% over the previous year;The passenger turnover was 4.898 billion person kilometers, down 2.5%.Qujing has 45287.75 kilometers of highways open to traffic, including 1106.86 kilometers of expressways.The total turnover of highway transportation throughout the year was 36.667 billion ton kilometers, an increase of 28.5%.At the end of the year, there were 1.3838 million motor vehicles in Qujing, including 1.3307 million personal vehicles.At the end of the year, there were 908700 cars in Qujing, including 860200 personal cars.[48]
In 2022, the central urban framework of Qujing with "Qi Zhan Ma" as the core will be basically formed, and the 116.7 km ring expressway will be fully completed.[46]
Railway
According to the statistical data in 2022,Guiyang Kunming RailwayAcrossMalone, KirinBenefit、extend one's power4 counties (cities, districts),Nanning Kunming RailwaythroughLu Liang、Shizong、Luo Ping、Fuyuan4 counties, and Panxi Branch of Guiyang Kunming Railway enters through Zhanyi and FuyuanGuizhouprovincePanzhou City[83]AndNanning Kunming RailwayConnected, Yangchang Branch Line of Guiyang Kunming Railway crossesXuanwei Citysoutheast.There are 630 kilometers of railways, including 185 kilometers of Nanning Kunming Railway;About 212 kilometers of Qujing section of Guiyang Kunming Railway has been put into double track operation;Panxi branch line is 63km (Zhanyi Hongguo);Yangchang branch line is 54km (from Xuanweige to Xiquele);116km Shanghai Kunming high-speed railway;There are 55 stations and 20 large and medium-sized freight yards.[51]Shanghai Kunming Passenger Dedicated Line (Shanghai Kunming High speed Railway) was put into trial operation in June 2016.Shanghai Kunming Passenger Dedicated Line is set up in QujingQujing North StationandFuyuan North Station。
Qujing North Station
Public transportation
track
Main term: Qujing Urban Rail Transit
In June 2016, Qujing started to build urban rail transit.The rail project is planned to cover the "Qizhanma" economic zone.On May 9, 2017, Qujing Municipal People's Government held the 62nd executive meeting and proposed that Qujing has a large passenger flow, between 10000 and 30000 people, and Qujing's rail transit project adopts the light rail system.Qujing Rail Transit is planned to cover Qi, Zhan, Ma and Xicheng District (Economic Development Zone), consisting of three backbone lines, with a total mileage of about 84.1 km.[72]
Historical culture
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Origin of geographical names
Cuan simplified and Song style writing of the name "Qujing"
"Qujing" first appeared in《New Tang Dynasty Book·Biography, the 147th lower part, Southern Barbarians lower part[7]"Quzhou" and "Jingzhou" are called "Qujing" together[8-9]However, "Qujing" was not used at that time.According to Volume 2 of "Records of Daming Unification of Scenic Spots · Records of Qujing Mansion in Yunnan", Qujing Military and Civilian Mansion is "a combination of Quzhou and Jingzhou".《Xu Xiake's Travels》It is recorded that Qujing was originally Quzhou and Jingzhou in the Tang Dynasty. It was also named after the place where Qujing was located.
The official use of the name "Qujing" as the name of the administrative region was in the 13th year of the Zhiyuan era (1276), when the central government of the Yuan Dynasty set up the "Qujing Road" headquarters in Qujing today, and the name "Qujing" was officially used[10]。The residence and office of the "Qujing Road" general manager's office are still located in the newly named Qujing.
dialect
Qujing dialect belongs to the southwest sub dialect of the northern dialect system and is close to Kunming dialect.The pronunciation is square, and all counties (cities) are similar with little difference.The prominent difference is that there are no four groups of initials in Huize, Fuyuan and Luoping, only the ts group, and Huize accent is close to Zhaotong.The initials of the tc group of some Shizong words are pronounced as the initials of the insult group.Luliang has five tone categories: yin, yang, shang, qu and jin. The tone values of yangping and shang are different from those of other counties.The vocabulary of each county (city) is basically the same, but each has some regional words.The grammar rules of the counties (cities) in the district are generally the same, and the Dan dialect is close to the Kunming dialect.[79]
Local culture
Local culture
Local culture
Detailed introduction
picture
Cuan Culture
Cuan [cu à n] culture refers to the historical civilization created by the Cuan family who ruled Nanzhong for more than 400 years from the Eastern Jin Dynasty through the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Tang Tianbao seven years in Luliang, Qujing, Yunnan, China.There are rites and music, poetry, customs, rituals, costumes, diet, medicine, architecture, crafts, etc.[52]
Double Cuan Stele
Cuan Township Ancient Music
Cuan Township Ancient Music is a kind of music with unique local ethnic characteristics.dongjing music It is the cultural product of Yunnan's specific history and society.During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty (1579), with the prevalence of Buddhism, the change of people's world outlook and outlook on life, and the requirements of living customs《Wenchang Great Cave Immortal Sutra》The scriptures of "Dongjing" are filled in some tunes as lyrics, so they are called "Dongjing".[16]
Copper merchant culture
Qujing HuizeIn the Qin and Han Dynasties, the area was called Ancient Yelang Land, which was in its heyday because of the mining and smelting of copper coins.During the Eastern Han Dynasty, the inscriptions and patterns of "Tanglang Bronze Washing" cast and forged in Huize were the first objects in central Yunnan to use Chinese characters.During the reign of Qianlong and Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty, due to the great demand of the Qing government for copper, Huize was unprecedentedly prosperous in copper mining, smelting, coinage, transportation, etc., attracting Han people from the Central Plains in ten provinces and eight prefectures, including Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Guangxi, Sichuan, and Guizhou, and bringing diverse Han culture, Jiangxi culture, Qin culture, Chu culture, Fujian culture, and Sichuan culture from different regions,It has formed a unique copper merchant culture and guild hall culture.[17]
Cultural Relic
As of July 2022, there are 1218 immovable cultural relics of all kinds in Qujing, of which 452 are listed as cultural relics protection units at all levels (including 9 at the national level, 23 at the provincial level, 71 at the municipal level, and 349 at the county level).[70]Qujing has more than 47000 pieces (sets) of movable cultural relics of all kinds, including 15023 pieces (sets) of cultural relics belonging to state-owned cultural relics collection units, and 372 pieces (sets) of precious cultural relics;Among the 372 sets of precious cultural relics in Qujing City, there are 4 sets of Grade I, 19 sets of Grade II and 349 sets of Grade III.[69]
List of National Key Cultural Relics Protection Units
As of June 2022, there are 2 national intangible cultural heritage projects, 31 provincial projects and 202 municipal projects in Qujing;There are 1 national level inheritor, 34 provincial level inheritors and 78 municipal level inheritors.[78]
arrangement
name
National Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Project
Big Three String Dance of the Yi People in Luliang County
Xuanwei City Cat's Ear (copper smoke pot production) Technique
Luoping Rapeseed Oil Ancient Pressing Technique
Local specialty
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Featured products
XuanWei ham
XuanWei ham It is one of the three famous legs in China. It is a national famous special product. It is made of Wumeng pig and pickled in a special way. It is named after its origin.[56]
Fuyuan Dahe Black Pig
Dahe Black PigIt is a new breed that has been identified and bred at the national level. It is bred by crossing Dahe pig growing in the area of Fuyuan Dahe with "Duroc" boar through repeated breeding by animal husbandry research experts using scientific and technological means.[55]
Lu Liang"Ma Yi San Zi" is a candy made of wheat flour and twisted into "thousand buttons" after mixing.Luliang's "Ma Yi San Zi" has a history of 200 years. It is a local traditional flavor food and also a good gift for relatives and friends.[54]
Luliang Salted Duck
Luliang cured duck, that is, salted duck, is made of strong and fat young ducks, which are slaughtered and salted with appropriate amount of salt. Each duck weighs about 2 kg, and is shaped like an almond. It is hung on a clean, clean, sunny, dry and ventilated outdoor duck rack. It is dried in the wind and the sun for several days before being cured.[54]
Zhanyi Spicy Chicken
Zhanyi Spicy ChickenIt is a specialty of Chinese catering and a masterpiece of Yunnan cuisine.[18]
Leek flower
When making leek flower, chop the half seeded and half flowered leek flower into small pieces, add salt and white wine, mix them evenly, put them into a jar, use half a year to saccharify the meat of the leek flower, and then mix them with dried kohlrabi silk, pepper, brown sugar, and white wine to marinate them until they turn yellow and red.
Steamed bait silk
Bait (bait silk) is a traditional food in Yunnan“Steamed bait silk”It was the original creation of Qujing City, which formed complete techniques and concepts in the Ming Dynasty, and then continued to enrich and improve.
Every year in Qujing, activities such as Luoping Rape Flower Tourism Festival, Luliang International Colored Sand Sculpture Festival and Colored Sand Sculpture Competition, Huize "Hometown of King Qian" Tourism Culture Festival, Pearl River Source Tourism Festival, Xuanwei Ham Food Culture Festival, Shizong Wulong Zhuang Village Culture Festival are held.[53]
In addition, there are 8 residents in Qujing, including Han, Yi, Hui, Miao, Zhuang, Buyi, Yao and ShuiMain ethnic groupsThe seven ethnic minorities, accounting for 7.8% of the total population, have their own unique languages, costumes, customs and beliefs.March 3rd of Buyi, Torch Festival of Yi, Eid al Fitr of HuiMiao Huashan FestivalAnd other traditional festivals, as well as festivals such as playing dragon lantern, lion dance, walking on stilts, rowing land boats, dyeing rice with flowers, shooting water guns, and robbing fireworks.
Successively served as Prefecture Magistrate of Dengzhou, Dongchang, Susong Grain Storage Road, Salt Transportation Envoy of Huaihe River and Huaihe River
