In May 1960,ChileA strongearthquake, causing a hugetsunamiAs a result, tens of thousands of people died and disappeared, the ports along the coast were all paralyzed, and 2 million people were homeless. This is the largest and most serious tsunami disaster in the world.
Chinese name
Chile tsunami
seismic belt
Circum Pacific volcanic activity zone
Location
Chile
Evaluation
One of the ten natural disasters in the 20th century
staySouth AmericaThere is a country with long and thin terrain on the west coast——Chile。It leans on the eastAndes, narrow and long in the westthe pacific oceanDeep trenches are the most active places for earthquakes and volcanoes.fromUndersea earthquake、Volcano eruptionThe tsunami is a serious natural disaster in Chile.In the long history, Chile and some places on the east coast of the Pacific Oceansea town, was repeatedly hit by the tsunami, resulting in the destruction of the city and serious casualties.
According to modern plate structure theory, Chile isPacific plate AndAntarctica PlateThe collision subduction zone is located in the circum Pacific volcanic activity zone.This special geological structure has caused Chile to be on a very unstable surface.Since ancient times, volcanoes have been erupting, earthquakes have occurred, tsunamis have occurred frequently, and disasters have often come.
From the early morning of May 21, 1960Monterey PortA rare strong earthquake suddenly occurred near the sea floor.The magnitude, duration and coverage of earthquakes are rare.The great earthquake lasted until June 23, and 225 earthquakes with different magnitudes occurred in more than a month.There were as many as 10 earthquakes with magnitude above 7, including 3 with magnitude greater than 8.
Disaster process
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After the earthquake, the sea water suddenly retreated rapidly, revealing the sea floor that had never seen the sun before. Those marine animals, such as fish, shrimp, crab and shellfish, struggled desperately on the beach.Some experienced people knew that a disaster was coming, and they fled to the top of the mountain or boarded the stranded ship to avoid the new disaster that was about to happen.After about 15 minutes, the sea water suddenly rose again.Suddenly, the waves are surging and rolling. The waves are up to 8~9 meters high, up to 25 meters high.Those who stayed in the square, port, dock and seaside were immediately swallowed up, and the ships, ports and dock buildings on the seaside were smashed.
Then, the huge waves receded quickly.Wherever we passed, everything that could be driven was swept away by the tide.The tide rose and fell in such a way that it shook repeatedly and lasted for nearly several hours.Cities on the east coast of the Pacific Ocean have just been destroyed by earthquakes and turned into ruins. At this time, they are frequently washed away by waves.Those who were buried in the rubble and not dead were drowned by the surging sea water.On several large ships, thousands of people took refuge here, but as the ship was smashed or sunk by the huge waves, it was immediately engulfed by the waves, and no one was spared.The Pacific coast, 800 kilometers from north to south, centered on Monterey Port, was almost looted.
Tsunami impact
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Chile tsunami
1960Chile Earthquake, also known as the Valdivia Earthquake, which occurred on May 22, 1960, is the largest earthquake recorded in the history of observation. Its moment magnitude is 9.5. This earthquake also caused a tsunami to hit Chile.The epicenter is near Chile, located atSantiago700 kilometers to the south, andValdiviaIt is the most seriously affected city.The tsunami caused by the earthquake hit the coast of Chile seriously, raising waves as high as 25 meters.The main tsunami crossed the Pacific Ocean and destroyed Hiro.A 10.7m high wave was recorded 10000 km from the epicenter.The death toll and economic losses caused by such a large-scale disaster cannot be accurately known.Estimates of the number of deaths caused by the earthquake and tsunami were publishedUSGSIt was confirmed that the death toll was 2231, 3000 or 5700, and another source estimated that the death toll was 6000.The estimated economic loss from different sources is between 400 million and 800 million dollars (or addinflationTo US $2.6-5.2 billion in 2005).[1]
