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Germanic literature(German: Germanistik), also known as Germanic language and literature, also known as German Studies, is a subject under the humanities, which is a professional subject to study German language and literature, usually including German linguistics and German literature.[1]
Chinese name
Germanic literature
Alias
Germanic Languages and Literatures
Introduction
It is a specialized subject to study German language and literature
Historical traceability
German was officially written in the middle of the 8th century
In modern times, Germanic literature is usually equivalent to German philosophy and German language and literature.Modern German literature is generally referred to as German linguistics, German language and literature in the new century, German literature in the middle ages, and German pedagogy.Since the 1980s, German literature has been divided into domestic German literature and foreign German literature.At the same time, German literature is also different from German culture.
Historical traceability
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The history of german literature can be traced back to the ancient germanic period.According to the Germanic Annals (98) written by Tacitus, a Roman historian, and the records of the 13th century Icelandic song collection "Ada" and the Icelandic and Norwegian "Sakya", the ancient Germanic people created their own literature, mainly the narrative songs and war songs praising gods and heroes, which reflectGermanic nationalityThe turbulent life and war during the period of national migration.But most of these literature departments have disappeared from oral tradition.Only "The Mantra of Merseburg" and "The Song of Hildebrand" were recorded by later generations in ancient Highland German, which has been handed down to this day and become the earliest literature in German literature.German was officially written in the middle of the 8th century.At that time, Christianity was introduced into the areas where the Germanic people lived, and the church monks monopolized the whole culture.In order to preach, they began to translate religious documents in oral German, which produced the earliest German language.Monks also wrote literary works in this language, such as the Creation Song of Wessoblon written between 770 and 790 and The End of the World written at the beginning of the 9th century.Around 830, there was also the Savior written in Saxony.These works adopt the alliteration commonly used by the ancient Germanic people in form, and the content is mainly to promote Christian thought, but retain the obvious "pagan" spirit.Therefore, this period is a transitional period from "pagan literature" to religious monk literature.
In the second half of the 9th century, Otterfried wrote Christ (870) with rhymes, and from then on, rhymes replaced alliterations.More importantly, there is no "pagan" spirit in this work.At the beginning of the 10th century, when Otto I ascended the throne, Christianity became a tool of feudal rule.At that time, the monks no longer wrote in German, but in Latin, and the "pagan literature" tradition of the ancient Germanic people was completely interrupted.
chivalric romancesAfter a break of more than 100 years, German literature began to develop again in the middle of the 11th century.With the introduction of French Cluny's religious reform movement, religious literature with the content of denying life, cursing the world, advocating asceticism and pursuing ascension after death came into being.On the other hand, due to the changes in the internal structure of the feudal class, the knight class gradually rose.In the 12th century, the chivalry class occupied an important position in social life, and represented the interests of secular feudal lords against religion.They opposed religious asceticism and demanded to enjoy the joy of worldly life.According to this view, knights created chivalry literature that opposed religious literature.In addition, there are also oral folk literature, which is mainly the ancient hero stories told by artists in the lower social strata.
