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Wireless Internet Access

Based on traditional LAN

Wireless Internet access refers to the Internet login mode using wireless connection. It uses radio waves as data transfer Media. Although the speed and transmission distance are not as good as wired line Internet access, it takes mobile convenience as the trump card and is loved by the majority of business people. Wireless Internet has been widely used in business districts, universities, airports, and other public areas, and its network signal coverage area is further expanding.

There are two kinds of wireless Internet access. One is to activate data function through mobile phone, and the other is to use computer, mobile phone or Wireless network card To achieve wireless Internet access, the speed is determined by using different technologies, terminal support speed and signal strength. Another way of wireless Internet access is wireless network Device, which is a wireless Internet access mode based on traditional LAN and wireless AP and wireless network card. It is generally believed that as long as the Internet terminal is not connected to a wired line, it is called wireless Internet access.

Chinese name: Wireless Internet Access
Two: The mobile phone can activate the data function. wireless network equipment
Interpretation: Wireless internet Login mode

Equipment type: wireless network adapter , wireless bridge Wireless antenna
Network type: Wireless personal network ， Wireless LAN etc.
Application: Business District, university ， airport

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Wireless definition

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At present, the mainstream wireless networks are divided into GPRS mobile phone wireless network surfing and Wireless LAN Two ways.^[1] GPRS mobile phone Internet access is a wireless Internet access method through mobile phone network, so as long as your city has opened GPRS Internet access service, you can access the Internet through a laptop anywhere.

First of all, wireless network is not a mysterious thing. It can be said that it is a new way of network construction compared with the wired network that we are currently using. Wireless networks, to a certain extent, throw away the network cables that wired networks must rely on. In this way, you can sit in any corner of the home, hold your laptop and enjoy the fun of the network, instead of having to settle for the wiring position of the network interface as before. In this way, your home will not be messed up by the Internet cables.^[1]

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Basic classification

Wireless Internet Access

Common wireless Internet access includes the following categories:

Mode 1: The mobile phone accesses the Internet separately.

Mode 2: Smart phones with WiFi function can access the Internet through account authentication after detecting the Wlan signal of Chinanet.

Mode 3: Install the network card on the computer. The 3G network includes EVDO of China Telecom, WCDMA of China Unicom, and mobile TD-SCDMA The 2G network is currently on the verge of obsolescence. Some users still use it, but the speed is slow (GPRS/EDGE/TD for mobile, CDMA1X/EV-DO for telecom, GPRS/WCDMA for Unicom), Dial up Internet access 。

Mode 4: The computer detects the Wlan signal of Chinanet and accesses the Internet through account authentication.

Mode 5: The computer is connected to the mobile phone (using the connecting cable/Bluetooth), and the mobile phone is dialed as a MODEM, Computer access 。

Mode 6: Install on wired broadband wireless router (or wireless AP), the computer or mobile phone accesses the Internet through the WiFi signal of the wireless AP.

Mode 7: The mobile phone is connected to the computer with wired internet through Bluetooth (wireless mode) to share the Network cable surf the internet.

Formal classification

There are probably several kinds

Huawei Wireless Internet Access

One is 802.11X, which is connected to the AP through the wireless network card. The typical application is wi fi. It is called a wlan connection. When entering the LAN gateway surf the internet. Currently, 802.11g and 54M connection speeds are generally used. Generally, the company will provide wireless coverage in this regard.

One is GPRS, which dials CMNET or WAP directly through GPRS mobile phone or card+SIM card. Dial net to connect to www website, and WAP needs proxy. Net connection speed is like 115K, slow is slow, but convenient. You can go to the place where the mobile phone has a signal.

One is CDMA, which is about the same as GPRS and slightly faster than gprs. It is mostly connected through cards, and the connection speed is about 230K.

One is the latest 3G network, that is, mobile TD-SCDMA, telecom CDMA2000, and Unicom WCDMA! The speed is comparable to broadband. The theoretical speed of mobile TD-SCDMA is 2.8M, the actual download speed is 100-200K/S, and the CDMA2000 (EVDO) of telecom is theoretical Speed up to 3.1M, the actual download speed reaches 100-300K/S WCDMA The theoretical speed is about 7.2M-14.4M, and the actual download speed is 200K/S-2M/S. Compared with broadband, the speed is even faster.

Bluetooth technology

At present, there are only three ways to connect mobile phones and laptops to the Internet, and users can choose the appropriate way according to their actual situation.

1、 Mobile phone cable: The merchant said that there are too many mobile phones of the same brand Serial port The connecting line is also not universal, so many of them are not in stock and need to be ordered according to the model. And the price is not cheap.

Comment: Advantages: moderate price and wide application range.

Disadvantages: complex connection.

2、 Infrared connection: Many brands of mobile phones now have infrared interfaces, which makes it easier to access the Internet wirelessly. You don't need a connection line and PCCARD, but you can access the Internet directly by setting up an infrared connection protocol.

It is understood that 80% of laptops now have infrared interfaces, and mobile phones with infrared interfaces seem to have only NOKIA 6110, 6150, 6210, 7110, 8210, 8250, 8850; Motorola L2000WWW series and P7689 of Siemens and 2588, 3568 and 6688 of Siemens are not very popular. It seems that infrared interface is really important, but we don't pay much attention to it. Nokia is thoughtful in this regard, and it is also Mobile office Advocate of. So if you have a particular preference for wireless Internet access, next time you buy a mobile phone, you must choose one with an infrared interface.

Comment: Advantages: convenient connection, low price, no need for additional equipment.

Disadvantages: The popularity of infrared interface is not high

Comparison Chart

3、 PCCARD: It is also easy to use Nokia's PCCARD phone for wireless Internet access. such NOKIA The PCCARD phone is a kind of PCCARD that can be installed with a mobile phone SIM card. Its appearance is the same as that of an ordinary PCCARD. Insert it into a notebook and you can directly access the Internet. But the price is very expensive, 3500 yuan, but it is much easier than connecting a laptop to a mobile phone. It can not only be used as a wireless Internet device, but also can be used as a mobile phone through a laptop. It is also worth the money.

Comment: Advantages: easy to use, no need for mobile phones and connecting cables.

Disadvantages: The price is expensive. At present, wireless Internet access has not attracted much attention, including mobile phone manufacturers. The interface of the connection device is also very non-standard, and even the connection cable of the same brand mobile phone is not universal. In addition, the high cost of wireless Internet access is also an important factor restricting its development. If these two aspects can be improved, it is believed that more users will join the team of wireless Internet access. The above mentioned is the wireless Internet access of mobile phones. The following describes the wireless Internet access of the computer: Wireless network card , very convenient, there are PC interface Yes, there is also a USB port, and the price is not expensive, generally about 300-1000 yuan.

Equipment type

stay Wireless LAN Common devices include wireless network card, wireless bridge Wireless antenna Etc.

1. Wireless network card

The function of wireless network card is similar to Ethernet Network card in, as Wireless LAN And realize the connection with WLAN. The wireless network card can be divided into four types according to different interface types, namely PCMCIA wireless network card, PCI wireless network card and USB wireless network card , EXPRESS network card.

PCMCIA wireless network card is only applicable to notebook computers and supports Hot plug , mobile wireless access can be easily realized.

PCI wireless network adapter It is suitable for ordinary desktop computers. In fact, PCI wireless network card is only in PCI The adapter card Insert a common PCMCIA card 。

USB interface The wireless network card is suitable for laptops and desktops, and supports hot plugging. If the network card is equipped with a wireless antenna, then the USB interface is a better choice.

Express interface, which is a new specification introduced by PCMCIA Alliance, and Intel's latest Napa platform has also been included in the standard. ExpressCards technology leaves PCMCIA behind with its low power consumption, low heat and fast speed. ExpressCard interface Wireless network card The utility model has the advantages of small size, convenient carrying, low power consumption and more power saving. Express cards are divided into two specifications: Express54mm and Express 34mm. 54 and 34 respectively represent the actual width of the card (in mm). The small Express 34mm card can be inserted into the Express 54mm slot for better compatibility. At the same time, it has low power consumption and much lower heat output than the Express 54mm card.

2. Wireless bridge

wireless bridge Is on link layer realization Wireless LAN An interconnected storage and forwarding device that can transmit data over a long distance via wireless (microwave). The wireless bridge has three working modes, Point to point , point to multipoint, trunk connection 。 It can be used for long-distance (up to 20km) and high-speed (up to 11mbps) wireless networking between fixed digital equipment and other fixed digital equipment.

To understand the role of wireless bridge, it can be used to connect two or more independent network segments, which are usually located in different buildings, hundreds of meters to tens of kilometers apart. So it can be widely used in the interconnection between different buildings. At the same time, according to different protocols, the wireless bridge can be divided into 2.4GHz eight hundred and two point one one B or 802.11 and 5.8GHz 802.11a Wireless bridge.

3. Wireless antenna

When the computer is far away from the wireless AP or other computers, as the signal weakens, or the transmission rate drops significantly, or communication with the AP or other computers cannot be realized at all, at this time, it is necessary to gain (amplify) the received or sent signal with the help of the wireless antenna.

There are many types of wireless antenna, but there are two common types. One is indoor antenna, which has the advantages of convenience and flexibility, but has the disadvantages of small gain and short transmission distance; One is outdoor antenna. There are many types of outdoor antennas, one is pot shaped directional antenna, the other is rod shaped omnidirectional antenna. The advantage of outdoor antenna is long transmission distance. It is suitable for long-distance transmission.

Standard type

In order to solve various problems wireless network For the problem of equipment interconnection, the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) introduced the IEEE 802.11 wireless protocol label. At present, 802.11 mainly includes 802.11b, 802.11a 802.11g Three standards. At the beginning, 802.11b was launched. Its transmission speed is 11MB/s, and the maximum distance between it and the outdoor is 300m, while the indoor distance is about 50m. Because of its low connection speed, the 802.11a standard Its connection speed can reach 54MB/s. However, because they are not compatible with each other, some wireless network devices that have already purchased 802.11b standards cannot be used in the new 802.11a network. Therefore, IEEE officially launched the 802.11g standard that is fully compatible with 802.11b standards and is compatible with 802.11a rates. Thus, through 802.11g, the existing 802.11b and 802.11a standard devices can be used in the same network. Like 802.11b, IEEE802.11g also works in the 2.4GHz frequency band, which is five times faster than the current 802.11b, and is fully compatible with 802.11. It is recommended to find out whether the protocol standard is supported when selecting equipment. Choose the one that suits you. The 802.11g standard has begun to be popularized.

Network type

Wireless personal network (WPAN): Wireless Personal Area Network stands for Bluetooth. The characteristic transmission distance is less than 10m, the transmission rate is about 1Mbps, and the development rate of UWB is faster

Wireless LAN (WLAN): Wireless Local Area Network represents 802.11 series, characterized by transmission distance<100m, transmission rate about 1M-54Mbps, development 802.11n Faster

Wireless MAN (WMAN): Wireless Metropolitan Area Network represents WiMax, with a characteristic transmission distance of less than 5km and a transmission rate of about 70Mbps. Now it is slowly developing in application

Wireless WAN (WWAN): Wireless Wide Area Network represents the wireless network The characteristic transmission distance is less than 15km, the transmission rate is about 3Mbps, and the development speed is faster

Generally speaking, wireless Internet access refers to WLAN and WWAN, and WLAN is to access Wireless access point To connect to Intelnet; WWAN is to go to the business hall of China Mobile or China Unicom to handle relevant business

Overview of WIFI

The full name is Wireless Fidelity. 802.11b is sometimes incorrectly labeled as Wi Fi. In fact, Wi Fi is Wireless LAN A trademark of the Alliance (WLAN), which only guarantees that the goods using the trademark can cooperate with each other, and has nothing to do with the standard itself. But later, people became accustomed to using WIFI to call 802.11b protocol. Its biggest advantage is its high transmission speed, which can reach 11Mbps. In addition, its effective distance is also very long, and it is also compatible with various existing 802.11 DSSS devices. Notebook technology—— Centrino technology It is based on this standard.

IEEE 802.11b wireless network The specification is IEEE 802.11 A variant of the network specification, the maximum bandwidth is 11 Mbps. In the case of weak signals or interference, the bandwidth can be adjusted to 5.5 Mbps, 2 Mbps and 1 Mbps. The automatic adjustment of bandwidth effectively guarantees the stability and reliability of the network. Its main characteristics are: fast speed and high reliability. In the open area, the communication distance can reach 305 meters, and in the closed area, the communication distance is 76 meters to 122 meters, which is convenient to connect with the existing cable Ethernet Network integration and networking costs are lower.

Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity)， Wireless fidelity technology And Bluetooth technology Similarly, it belongs to the short-range wireless technology used in offices and homes. This technology uses a frequency band near 2.4GHz, which is currently a wireless band without a license. There are two standards that can be used at present, namely IEEE802.11a and IEEE802.11b. This technology is favored by manufacturers because of its own advantages.

CDMA is the abbreviation of Code Division Multiple Access digital technique A new and mature wireless communication technology developed from spread spectrum communication technology. The principle of CDMA technology is based on spread spectrum technology Signal bandwidth The information data is modulated by a high-speed pseudo-random code whose bandwidth is much larger than the signal bandwidth, so that the bandwidth of the original data signal is expanded, and then modulated by the carrier and sent out. The receiver uses exactly the same pseudo-random code to correlate with the received bandwidth signal and replace the broadband signal with the original information data narrowband The signal is despreading to realize information communication.

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Coverage

Wireless LAN The coverage range refers to the farthest distance that wireless network products such as wireless network cards, wireless APs (wireless access points) and other devices can reach when transmitting signals. according to 802.11 standard (Link), the maximum distance that the general wireless equipment can cover is generally 300 meters, but the coverage should mainly depend on whether the environment is open or not. When the equipment is not equipped with an external antenna, it is about 300 meters in the field of vision; If it is a semi open space or an area with barriers, the transmission is about 35-50 meters. With the help of an external antenna (as a link), the transmission distance can reach 30 to 50 kilometers or even more, depending on the gain of the antenna itself. Therefore, it needs to be applied according to the needs of users.

Technical settings

Plug and Play Wireless network card When plugged into a laptop, windows xp/vista/7 can recognize and install the driver. Next, configure the AP, which is divided into zones gateway The AP without gateway is equivalent to the AP without gateway Hub Here, we focus on the AP configuration without gateway.

Take the netgear me102 ap as an example, connect the ap with the usb interface on the notebook computer with the usb cable provided by the ap, and install the built-in setting software.

1. Find "netgear me102 apaccess point usb management" in "Program" of "Start" and click it. In the AP setting interface, click "configure" to enter the configuration window.

2. In the "general" item, access point name and essid, you can freely fill in the names that are easy to remember. The channel can also be selected arbitrarily, but the wireless network card in the laptop should be unified with it.

3. "Rates" is set to "auto".

4. In the "ip setting" option, if dhcp (dynamic allocation of ip addresses) is used, select "dhcp enable" and set "dhcp primary prot" to Ethernet.

5. In the "encryption" item, the laptop used in the home is generally disabled, that is, the standard encryption algorithm wap is disabled. The latter two items need not be considered. At this point, AP settings are complete.

Open“ Network Neighborhood ”Properties to“ wireless network Connection status, click "Wireless network connection attribute" in "Attribute", click "Wireless network configuration", click "Association" in "Add" under "Preferred network", set the service name ssid to be consistent with the AP's essid, and then use dhcp to set the IP to be automatically acquired. All settings are complete.

Other settings

1、 Wireless Internet Access via GPRS (General Packet Radio Service), General Packet Radio Service ）Function, usually using data line , infrared ray, Bluetooth, etc Internet speed Not ideal)

2、 Wireless Internet Access with PHS PHS Mainly through the use of fixed telephone resources Dial up Internet access 。 And PHS must be PHS or PAS Portable radio telephone 。 This part is currently under the jurisdiction of China Telecom in the south and China Netcom in the north (now incorporated into China Unicom ）Jurisdiction.

3、 Using CDMA to Realize Wireless Internet Access for PC CDMA wireless modem perhaps CDMA mobile phone Connect to the Internet. This part is currently under the jurisdiction of China Unicom.

4、 I'm sure you are familiar with WLAN, which is used to realize wireless Internet access. that is Wireless LAN (Wireless Local Area Network.) In short, it is the use of radio frequency technology to replace wired.

The above four types are currently used in China wireless network Of course, other countries are somewhat different. Similarly, the previous three types are not widely used at present, and only the fourth type, which is also our commonly used WLAN, is described in detail below.

First, let's talk about the working principle of WLAN:

To pass Wireless LAN Wireless Internet access must first have an AP (wireless access point, Access Point。）， In addition, your PC should be within the coverage of AP.

Let's talk about the hardware conditions required for this method: in fact, it is very popular now, as long as there are wireless network cards (built-in or external) and Wireless broadband Router OK.

Commonly used in the market at present Wireless broadband router Brands mainly include: TP-LINK (The mainland has a very large share) and D-LINK (Taiwan has a large share. Our company is Taiwan funded, so we know something about it)

Third, briefly Wireless routing Our company has used TL-WR642G to set the device.

After entering the wireless broadband router settings page, for wireless settings, we only need to focus on:

1. First, enable the wireless routing function of this router;

2. Set in SSID option Wireless LAN Name of (similar to workgroup name or domain name of wired network)

3. Set the channel well (that is, because it is similar to the walkie talkie, if the setting here is 5, then the channel at the subsequent wireless network card should also be set to 5);

4. WEP is an encryption problem. If there is a security need or it is easy for others to attack you, it is recommended to enable encryption settings.

Finally, set the wireless network card. After the driver of the wireless network card is installed, wireless network The connection will automatically search the network. After discovery, please note whether the SSID name is just Wireless broadband router Set in? If WEP is set, you will be prompted to enter the authentication password after searching here.

Due to time constraints, the above is just a brief introduction. I also believe that all the above contents may have been spread on the Internet for a long time, but at the same time, some people do not know. This is a brief introduction.

In the first four ways, I personally used GPRS, PHS and WLAN wireless Internet access, and also used a computer to connect two external lines at the same time (one wired is an ADSL account, and the other wireless is another ADSL account). However, the settings interface may be slightly different due to different hardware manufacturers, but they are basically the same.

another Wireless broadband router Pay attention not to interfere too much nearby. Electronic products with high magnetic field should be kept as far away as possible, and their nests should also be streaked as far as possible (that is, there should be no obstacles, otherwise the signal will be blocked, and the transmission will be seriously affected). The ideal is to dock at the same level.

About operators

At present, China Mobile 、 China Unicom And China Telecom Wireless network card The online services they provide have their own characteristics.

China Mobile with E card

characteristic: GPRS and WLAN are provided for seamless switching, which is very convenient. There are three specific matching methods.

one With line E SIM card+single-mode GPRS network card+computer or PDA

There is a SIM card slot on the single-mode network card. After activating the SIM card, insert it into the single-mode network card;

Install the client software at the computer vendor (equipped when purchasing the network card);

After installation, insert the single-mode network card into the computer, and the computer will start automatically Driver , restart the computer after the drive installation is completed;

Start the client software, set the wireless network card configuration, set the GPRS connection as "default", set the access point name as "cmnet", and configure the user name and password as blank;

Enter the SMS interface to send SMS, enter the GPRS interface to connect to the network and start the Internet browser.

2. With E-line SIM card+single-mode WLAN Network card+computer or

Insert the network card into the computer and start the driver (if any Gallop Notebook, built-in WLAN function, no need to install network card);

When you enter the WLAN coverage site, you will be prompted to find a WLAN network in the lower right corner of the computer;

Turn off the encryption function (not supported by the network) and set it to CMCC in the SSID settings to ensure that the mobile network is used (because multiple operators may provide WLAN);

Start a browser, such as IE. stay login interface Enter the phone number and password (just insert the SIM card into the phone and send "sqwlan" to 1866 to receive the returned password).

3. Accompanying E-line SIM card+dual mode GPRS network card+computer or PDA

Install the "E-line client software" on the computer

When the dual mode network card is inserted into the computer, the computer will automatically start the driver, and restart the computer after the installation of the drive is completed;

Click on the client“ connections setting up ”, select authentication parameters (SIM authentication or WEB authentication , you can select both);

Automatic connection. The software first tries to use the SIM authentication of WLAN to access the Internet, then tries to use the WEB authentication method to access the Internet after failure, and finally tries to use GPRS to access the Internet;

Start the browser. You can surf the Internet or send SMS messages.

China Unicom Palmar width

characteristic: The transmission rate is high, up to 153.6 kbps, which is fast.

Purchase the terminal product PCMIA wireless modem card or USB external wireless modem;

Apply for CDMA 1X online service at Unicom's business hall or agency;

take Wireless network card Insert the computer and install the driver;

Install dial-up programs or add dial-up networking connections;

Set dialing parameters, the number is # 777, and the user name/password is set to "card";

Click the connection icon to make a dial-up connection. After the connection is successful, you can open IE and other browsers to enter the website you want to browse;

Send and receive messages in both directions. Click the SMS icon to enter the SMS writing, reading and sending interfaces, enter the receiver's mobile phone number and the sender's (local) mobile phone number, and then use the text box to write the SMS content. There are three levels of SMS sending, namely NORMAL, URGENT and EMERGENCY.

port type

because Wireless LAN Including wireless network card wireless router , wireless hub, wireless AP and many other products, so the interface is also very rich. Common interface types are as follows:

RJ-45 port

Like traditional LAN products, products such as wireless network cards and wireless routers have RJ-45 interfaces, which are used to connect Twisted pair The port of. As shown in the figure below, the WAN port and the ports identified in 1, 2, 3, and 4 are RJ-45 ports.

Wireless Internet RS232 port

The RS232 port is used by our computers at ordinary times Serial port , which is generally used as a device configuration port. As shown in the figure above, the serial ID is the RS232 port.

USB port

stay Wireless LAN In the product, USB interface It often appears in the wireless network card or USB Hub , USB MODEM and other products. USB universal serial bus , support Hot plug 。 The following figure shows the USB interface wireless network card:

USB port PCMCIA port

The most common interface in the notebook wireless network card is the PCMCIA interface. This interface type of network card is dedicated to notebook computers. It supports hot plug, is easy to install, and is light in size. The figure below shows the PCMCIA interface wireless network card.

Supporting services

As Haixi Xiamen, one of the core cities for economic development, will have a more special position after the three links between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits. It is an inevitable trend for Xiamen to become a "wireless broadband city". As early as 2001, China Telecom Xiamen Branch began to build and use a wireless broadband commercial network, and successfully served as a mobile Video conference system Access to. Based on the good network foundation and hard construction, Xiamen has successfully completed the first phase of the construction goal and officially built itself into a wireless broadband city. stay 3G wireless broadband In terms of network construction, Xiamen Telecom RMB 200 million has been invested, the total number of 3G base stations exceeds 1200, and the full support rate of 3.1M High speed data surf the internet; It has achieved high-quality voice coverage and seamless coverage of high-speed data access signals in Xiamen, all urban areas and rural areas outside the island, and has achieved high-quality indoor signal coverage in hundreds of buildings. In terms of coverage of wireless broadband network hot spots, Xiamen Telecom has invested more than 30 million yuan in construction, opened more than 300 hot spots, and built nearly 2000 wireless Internet base stations. Citizens can easily access the Internet. The powerful wireless broadband network of China Telecom enables roaming access of up to 54M wireless broadband within and outside the province.

WWAN

Wireless Wide Area Network technology enables laptops or other devices to Cellular network You can connect to the Internet anywhere within your coverage. Generally speaking, it refers to a technology that uses mobile phone signals to access the Internet.

Attachment:

1. Transmission speed of various WWAN technologies

GPRS（General Packet Radio Service General Packet Radio Service ）: 56 or even 114Kbps.

EDGE (Enhanced Data Rate for GSM Evolution): The maximum speed can reach 384kbps, generally about 200kbit/s.

CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access): The maximum speed is 230.4kbs, and the actual download speed is 10-15KB/s.

TD-SCDMA (Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access Code Division Multiple Access Technology ）：384kbps。

HSDPA: High Speed Downlink Packet Access.

TD-SCDMA HSDPA: up to 2.8Mbps at present, 3.6m for the latest market products, and 33m for laboratory products

CDMA2000 1X EV-DO (can be understood as the HSDPA of CDMA2000): South Korea, Japan and other countries have achieved a peak rate of 2.4Mbps, which is currently used in mainland China Speed up to 3.1M。

HSDPA of WCDMA: The theoretical maximum value can reach 14.4Mbps. In Hong Kong, Taiwan, South Korea, Europe, the United States and other countries or regions, the rate can basically reach 3.6Mbps, and in a few regions, the rate can reach 7.2Mbps.

3G service

China Mobile: operates TD-SCDMA network, and EDGE and GPRS network

China Telecom: operates CDMA2000 network (CDMA EV-DO), namely CDMA

China Unicom : Operation of WCDMA network（ W-CDMA ）

Since operators began to promote 3G, video calling has been promoted as a star business. Different from 2G, the 3G era makes people's communication more intuitive, and video call is the best proof. People can really realize "face to face communication even if they are thousands of miles away".

In Japan, mobile wallet Business is very popular. Nearly half of mobile phone users use their mobile phones as wallets. Just by fiddling with their mobile phones, Japanese can complete shopping, win free food, obtain discounts on goods and other work. The mobile wallet users are mainly young users, mainly in the 20-39 age group. Because the application of mobile wallet has indeed brought great convenience to people's lives, people do not need to hold cash or carry multiple cards. They can pay bills, obtain coupons, pay transportation fees, buy various tickets and enjoy the points service as long as they use mobile phones. Many users will often use this service as long as they have tried it once.

Since Japan is a country with a high incidence of earthquakes, its operators provide users with free earthquakes, etc Disaster warning Services. When the Meteorological Agency predicts an earthquake, it will send a message with an alarm sound to all mobile phone users to remind them to take refuge in the shortest possible time. The warning message usually lasts for a few seconds. Users will take action to take refuge in the first shock (a minor phase) and try to protect themselves before the next strong earthquake.

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wireless network adapter:

Wireless Internet Access

The role and function of the wireless network card is the same as that of the ordinary computer network card, which is used to connect to the local area network. It is just a signal receiving and transmitting device. It can only be connected to the Internet when it finds the exit to the Internet. All wireless network cards can only be limited to those already deployed Wireless LAN Within the range of.

A wireless network card is a network card that uses wireless signals to connect without a wired connection. The wireless network card mainly includes PCMCIA wireless network card, PCI wireless network card, MiniPCI wireless network card USB wireless network card CF/SD wireless network card.

Wireless network card Its function is equivalent to that of wired Modem , also known as "cat". It can use the SIM card of the mobile phone to connect to the Internet anywhere with wireless phone signal coverage.

The role and function of the wireless network card is like a wireless modem. The common interface types include PCMCIA, USB, CF/SD, etc.

By the way, CDMA route

CDMA router is a kind of router based on CDMA network. In addition to all functions of ordinary router (such as NAT), it also has wireless login, automatic dialing, drop detection and other functions. For small and medium-sized enterprises, home Internet Share Internet access , industrial image, video and other large data transmission. Connect the CDMA router to the Ethernet The Ethernet users can share the Internet access. It has Ethernet RJ45 interface , with address translation (NAT) DMZ host And other functions. Through UDP Computer tool software Set parameters.

Communication characteristics of CDMA router:

·Wireless, mass data communication

·The communication effect depends on the construction of CDMA network

·At this stage, the construction of CDMA network is mature. CDMA data communication is stable, data transmission speed is fast, and data volume is large. Downward speed It can reach about 150kbit/s, and the uplink speed can reach about 75kbit/s. The test speed in Beijing is about 100kbit/s, and the uplink speed is about 30-40kbit/s.

3G wireless router

At present, there are 3G wireless routers, that is, the interface of 3G network card is added to the function of the original router, and the USB 3G network card is inserted into the router. In theory, more than 200 computers can access the Internet at the same time.

Technical comparison

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EVDO Wireless network card And TD, WCDMA wireless network card.

China Mobile On April 1, 2008, the trial commercial use of 3G services began. China Telecom's 3G services also entered the commercial stage on April 3 this year China Unicom The 3G service will not be launched until May 17. In terms of the starting stage, China Mobile has the greatest advantage, China Telecom has the average advantage, and China Unicom has the least advantage.

From the actual situation, China Mobile is suspected of preemption at the starting stage, because from the perspective of fairness, the real starting line should be calculated from the time of "completing the 3G signal coverage of all provincial capitals in China". In this case, China Telecom will complete in April with the fastest speed; China Unicom completed the project in May, with a moderate speed; China Mobile TD Phase II will be completed by the end of June, the slowest speed. From this, we can easily see that the leader of the three types of network cards at the starting stage is actually China Telecom's CDMA- EVDO network card 。

Construction comparison

China Mobile plans to invest 58.8 billion yuan in 2009 to build about 60000 new TD base stations. By the end of June, it will complete the construction of TD Phase II, covering all provincial capital cities and supporting all HSDPA functions. By the end of the year, it will provide 3G services in 238 prefecture level cities, accounting for more than 70% of the number of prefecture level cities in China, of which the cities in the eastern region will be fully covered. According to the plan of China Mobile, if users want to use China Mobile's TD-SCDMA 3G service in roaming nationwide and reach the current level of GSM network, they need to wait until 2011.

China Unicom It is planned to invest about 30 billion yuan in 2009, and provide 3G trial commercial services in 55 provincial capital cities and economically developed large and medium-sized cities in the first half of this year, and expand the service scope to 282 cities by the end of this year. According to China Unicom's plan, 3G network coverage will be basically completed in 2010.

China Telecom is special. Since the network operated by China Telecom can smoothly transition from CDMA 1X to CDMA2000 EV-DO without large-scale new network construction, China Telecom only needs to upgrade and optimize the network of C network, and has provided 3G services in 100 large and medium-sized cities at the end of March. According to the plan of China Telecom, the network upgrade can be completed in 2009, becoming the first operator to build 3G network among the three major operators.

From the perspective of the pace of network construction, China Telecom has the greatest advantage, China Unicom is slightly behind, and China Mobile needs to step up its construction, so CDMA from China Telecom- EVDO network card Win again.

Speed comparison

For 3G network card, speed is the key factor to win. The speed will directly affect the user's choice. Let's take a look at the speed of each of the three network cards.

Mobile TD-SCDMA network card, with a maximum theoretical speed of 384Kbps, and EDGE in the 2.5G era Wireless network card The speed is the same. As a 3G network card, users will not accept this speed. Fortunately, China Mobile also saw this shortcoming. It introduced HSDPA technology in the second phase construction of TD-SCDMA, which raised the maximum theoretical speed to 2.2 Mbps, which can be said to have a qualitative improvement.

Unicom WCDMA network card The highest theoretical speed is 14.4Mbps, which is the fastest among the three types of network cards. The WCDMA network card has such a high speed thanks to the introduction of HSDPA technology. From the experience of foreign countries, the speed of WCDMA network card can generally reach 3.6Mbps, which has surpassed that of domestic 2M ADSL Downlink rate 。

CDMA for telecommunications- EVDO network card The maximum theoretical speed is 3.1 Mbps. The current EVDO network card version is Rev A. In order to catch up with Unicom's 14.4 Mbps speed, Telecom has begun to deploy a faster version B (Rev B) in some large and medium-sized cities. By then, the maximum theoretical speed can reach 9.3 Mbps, further narrowing the gap with Unicom.

From the theoretical data, Unicom's WCDMA network card has obvious speed advantages, followed by Telecom's CDMA-EVDO network card, and the slowest is mobile TD-HSDPA Wireless network card. How about the effect in practical application? According to the test, the actual average downlink rate of the mobile TD network card is 60-70KB/S, the actual average Uplink rate 30-40KB/S； The actual average downlink rate of Unicom's WCDMA uplink card is 170-180KB/S, and the actual average uplink rate is 130-150KB/S; For the EVDO network card of China Telecom, the actual average downlink rate is 150-170KB/S, and the actual average uplink rate is 120-130KB/S. As expected, Unicom's WCDMA network card is still the fastest, but the gap between the network card and EVDO network card is not as big as the theoretical speed. The mobile TD network card is still disappointing, only half of the first two.

Quantity comparison

In terms of user base, China Telecom has about 42 million users, China Unicom has three times more users than China Telecom, about 120 million users, and China Mobile has more than three times more users than China Unicom, nearly 400 million users. It can be seen that the huge mobile user group will bring huge support to mobile. However, the above data is for all users, including mobile phones. If we only analyze the user group of the network adapter, the results can be very different.

Do you know that China Telecom has absorbed a large number of CDMA services while acquiring the original CDMA services of Unicom CDMA wireless modem Users. from Wireless network card According to the statistical analysis, CDMA network card users account for more than 90% of the total number of wireless network card users, and less than 10% are GPRS network card users. From this, we can see that among the network card users, Telecom has a huge advantage. Many old CDMA users also said that they would continue to use the CDMA-EVDO network card. Therefore, for the WCDMA network card of China Unicom, attracting users is the top priority.

Development forecast

From the current situation, the only variable is the charge of Unicom's WCDMA network card. If its charge is reasonable and meets the needs of users, it will surely dominate the future 3G network card market. However, can Unicom really provide users with satisfactory rates? I think not at all. At most, the price is equivalent. So who can ultimately dominate the future 3G network card market? The author is most optimistic about CDMA of telecom- EVDO network card Its network coverage is the fastest, and its speed is comparable to that of WCDMA. The most important thing is to rely on CDMA1X Wireless network card Has accumulated a large number of user groups. To sum up, EVDO has obvious advantages and no obvious weaknesses. If Telecom can reduce the charges, then I dare to conclude that CDMA-EVDO will be the final winner

Tariff description

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With the gradual warming of wireless network cards, brands are springing up, and the price of network cards is becoming more popular. As the master of the lifeblood of each wireless manufacturer—— China Mobile 、 China Unicom China Telecom, their layout and tariff policies have influenced the development of the entire industry market. Although there will be differences in the performance and price of wireless network cards of various brands, the SIM card and UIM card used together with the network card have different prices in different regions, but the performance does not differ. I worked hard to learn about the strange charges in different regions, and specially reported them to the attendants, After you look at it, you can also consider the price difference of network access in different places and choose the terms that are suitable for you:

Prepaid package charge of Shanghai Tianyi ； Shanghai Telecom Tianyi 3G prepaid 120 hour nationwide roaming package (reserved for 12 months) is calculated by day in the first month of card opening, and the daily usage time is: the package includes the online time/total days of the month, regardless of local and national roaming. The package will come into effect on the first day of the next month after completion. Before the package comes into effect, the package price will be converted to days, and will be settled by day. You can use the part of the package that includes the time length settled by day. The package takes effect for 120 hours (full roaming)/month in the next month. Free UIM card production fee; give ZTE AC2726 One high-speed network card; The part beyond the package will be charged at 0.05 yuan/minute. The normal use period is 12 months. Shanghai Telecom Tianyi 3G prepaid 200 hour nationwide roaming package (12 months reserved) is calculated by day in the first month of card opening. The daily use time is: the package includes the online time/total days of the month, regardless of local and national roaming. The package will come into effect on the first day of the next month after completion. Before the package comes into effect, the package price will be converted to days, and will be settled by day. You can use the part of the package that includes the time length settled by day. The package takes effect for 200 hours (full roaming)/month in the next month. Free UIM card production fee; One ZTE AC2726 high-speed network access card will be presented; The part beyond the package will be charged at 0.05 yuan/minute. The normal use period is 12 months. Shanghai Telecom Tianyi 3G prepaid 60 hour nationwide roaming package (12 months reserved) is calculated by day in the first month of card opening. The daily use time is: the package includes the online hours/total days of the month, regardless of local and national roaming. The package takes effect for 60 hours (full roaming)/month in the next month. Package. Free UIM card production fee; One ZTE AC2726 high-speed network access card will be presented; The part beyond the package will be charged at 0.05 yuan/minute, and the normal service life is 12 months

Tariffs of China Telecom:

Shanghai telecom

200 hours per month+50 hours of roaming in Shanghai. The free network card for one year package is 2480 yuan, which can be purchased through a telecom agent with appropriate discounts. The actual transaction price is about 2150 yuan. 80 hours per month+20 hours of roaming in Shanghai. The free network card for one year package is 1680 yuan, which can be purchased through a telecom agent with appropriate discounts. The actual transaction price is about 1400 yuan.

Ningxia Telecom

Product name	Monthly/annual fee (yuan)	Unit price of duration in the province (yuan/hour)	Inter provincial roaming unit price (yuan/MB)	remarks
Wireless Internet bill product 50 yuan per month	fifty	one point six	zero point three	Equivalent to 31 hours of roaming in the province or 165M of roaming between provinces	province within Hour long And province International Diffuse swim can since from mix close eliminate fee
Wireless Internet bill product 100 yuan per month	one hundred	one	zero point two	Equivalent to 100 hours of roaming in the province or 500M of roaming between provinces
Wireless Internet Sheet Product 300 yuan/year	three hundred	one point five	zero point three	It is equivalent to 200 hours of roaming in the province or 990M of roaming between provinces
Wireless Internet Sheet Product 600 yuan/year	six hundred	one	zero point two	It is equivalent to 600 hours of roaming in the province or 3000M of roaming between provinces
Wireless Internet Sheet Product 1200 yuan/year	one thousand and two hundred	zero point nine	zero point two	It is equivalent to 1330 hours of roaming in the province or 6000M of roaming between provinces
Note: The inter provincial roaming traffic is 3G/1X wireless Internet access, excluding wifi, and the inter provincial roaming traffic does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao; If the user makes If you use wifi to access the Internet, whether you are roaming in or between provinces, the unit price for the duration in the province will apply. The above fees are publicity fees, and the deduction rules of billing are as follows.

China Mobile The local tariff of

Beijing move

Those who choose to purchase a SIM card package at Beijing Mobile can purchase a SIM card with unlimited traffic and domestic roaming data for half a year at 740 yuan in the business hall. The tariff of 740 yuan includes 100 yuan per month, which is 6 × 100 yuan; Monthly rent of 10 yuan, 6 × 10 yuan in total; The cost of SIM card is 80 yuan, and the total price is 740 yuan.

Guangdong move

Select on Guangzhou Mobile Those who buy the SIM card package can buy a data SIM card for 250 dollars in the business hall, and then can choose the data service of 500 M domestic traffic per month for 150 yuan. The cost will be deducted from the 250 yuan spent at that time. If the cost is insufficient, it can be used after recharging; You can also use the WLAN service provided by Mobile in hot areas at a cost of 2 cents/minute.

Shanghai Mobile

Those who choose to purchase SIM card packages from Shanghai Mobile can enjoy mobile bundled promotions in the business hall Sony Ericsson GC79 of RMB2650+RMB1200, a monthly limited domestic 500M traffic package; Kingstone 218 of Wuhan Golden Spatio Communication: a monthly limited domestic 500M traffic package of 1900 yuan+1200 yuan; NOKIA D211: There are three packages with a monthly limit of 500M domestic traffic of 2700 yuan+1200 yuan. For the time being, there is no preferential activity for self owned card access. If the price is 200 yuan per month and 500M domestic traffic is limited.

Chongqing Mobile

Those who choose to purchase SIM card packages in Chongqing Mobile can enjoy bundled services at 2520 yuan in the business hall: 500 m domestic traffic is limited and free every month for one year GPRS wireless network card You can also get a half year card for 660 yuan, that is, a half year card with a monthly flow limit of 500M.

Liaoning Mobile

Those who choose to purchase SIM card package in Shenyang Mobile can enjoy the preferential rate of "buy 3 get 3 free" in the business hall. Users who pay 800 yuan can use the half year GPRS service card with a monthly domestic traffic of 500M; Users who pay 1200 yuan can use the GPRS service package with a monthly domestic traffic of 500M every year.

Jiangsu Mobile

Select on Nanjing Mobile Those who buy SIM card package can do it in the business hall: 200 yuan/month/500M domestic roaming; 600 yuan/500M domestic roaming half year GPRS service card per month.

Hubei Mobile

Select on Wuhan Mobile Those who purchase the SIM card package can access the Internet in the business hall at a price of 120 yuan/month/500M domestic roaming traffic per month, or purchase a GPRS SIM card with 500M domestic roaming traffic per month at a price of 960 yuan/year.

Sichuan Mobile

Those who choose to purchase a SIM card package in Chengdu Mobile can purchase a GPRS SIM card with unlimited monthly flow at a price of 950 yuan/year in the business hall.

Shaanxi Mobile

Those who choose to purchase SIM card packages in Xi'an Mobile can enjoy bundled services at 1200 yuan in the business hall: 500 m domestic traffic limit per month and free letter GPRS wireless network card Activities; There are also three options: 20RMB 10M, 100RMB 200M, 200RMB 500M.

Hebei Mobile

Those who choose to purchase SIM card package in Shijiazhuang Mobile can do it in the business hall: 200 yuan/month/500M domestic roaming, and the maximum monthly charge is 500 yuan, that is, 500 yuan will not limit the flow.

Shanxi Mobile

Those who choose to purchase SIM card packages in Taiyuan Mobile can enjoy mobile bundled promotions in the business hall. Users can handle a monthly limited domestic 500M traffic package of 2760 yuan and give a dual-mode network card as a gift; 2400 yuan for a monthly limited domestic 500M traffic package and a free single mode GPRS network card; The preferential activity of providing self owned card access is 660 yuan and half a year of GPRS Internet access. There is also a limit of 500M traffic per month. In addition, you can also enjoy 10 hours of WLAN Internet access service per month.

Inner Mongolia Mobile

The tariff here is relatively the simplest in China. Users can't enjoy the service of annual subscription, but can handle the service of 100 yuan/20M domestic traffic per month.

Shandong Mobile

Shandong Mobile It is the province with the best mobile GPRS development in China, and its network construction and tariff are ahead of others. The charge for the half year card of Jinan Mobile is 600 yuan, with unlimited traffic; The rate of the annual pass is 1200 yuan, without restricting the flow; Or you can deposit 2400 yuan in advance to enjoy a free network card and a one-year service fee. The free network cards include Datang Telecom's wireless network card and Shouxin's wireless network card; WLAN costs 1 mao/minute.

Jilin Mobile

Changchun is rich in tariffs, which can be divided into the following five categories:

600 yuan/half a year, the monthly flow is limited to 500M, and 100 yuan recharge card will be presented; 660 yuan/half a year, 500M monthly traffic limit, 100 yuan recharge card and 10 hours of WLAN service per month; 1200 yuan/year, the monthly flow is limited to 500M, and 100 yuan recharge card will be presented; 1320 yuan/year, 500M monthly traffic limit, 100 yuan recharge card and 10 hours of WLAN service per month; There are also bundled package activities. You can get the annual package SIM card and Huawei A piece of dual mode card and a recharge card of 300 yuan will be given as a free gift. The discount range is relatively large.

Heilongjiang Mobile

If you choose to purchase a SIM card package in Harbin Mobile, you can get a GPRS service card for domestic roaming at 180 yuan/month in the business hall.

Anhui Mobile

Those who choose to purchase a SIM card package in Hefei Mobile can purchase a GPRS SIM card for half a year at the business hall for 600 yuan/half a year, with a monthly traffic limit of 500M; You can get an annual SIM card and GPRS card with 500M traffic per month by saving 2400 yuan in advance.

Zhejiang Mobile

Select on Hangzhou Mobile Those who buy a SIM card package can buy a GPRS SIM card in the business hall for 600 yuan/year, with a monthly traffic limit of 200M in the province and a roaming traffic limit of 10M after leaving the province; Or 1800 yuan/year, 500M domestic annual card per month.

China Unicom The local tariff of

Monthly package fee	Including domestic traffic	Beyond the post tariff
80 yuan/month	1GB	0.1 yuan/MB
150 yuan/month	3GB
200 yuan/month	5GB
300 yuan/month	10GB

Unicom's package billing method:

China Unicom 3G wireless network card The biggest feature of using traffic billing is that no matter how long you spend online, you only need to pay according to the traffic you use. In order to help you master your own usage, the system will inform you of your online duration and usage flow by SMS after you use it. In order to save your expenses, when you don't know how much traffic you use, the system configures a 150 yuan package for you by default, and automatically upgrades it to your most cost-effective package according to your monthly usage traffic. The specific instructions are as follows: 1. First deduct the data traffic included in your application package, and the excess will be charged according to the traffic; 2. When the sum of the original package monthly fee and the excess use fee reaches a higher level package monthly fee, it will automatically upgrade to a higher level package; 3. It will automatically restore to the package file you selected next month. Appendix 1: Comparison between automatic upgrade of package and traditional billing calculation method (taking 7024MB monthly data traffic as an example)

	Calculation method for automatic upgrade of package (The following is an example of three levels of automatic jump of package file)	Traditional calculation method
User selects package	80 yuan/1GB (1GB=1024MB)	80 yuan/1GB
Data traffic used this month	7024MB	7024MB
Exceeded user application package traffic	7000MB	7000MB
Cost after exceeding (0.1 yuan/MB)	1) When the excess package traffic reaches 700MB, that is, the cumulative usage traffic reaches 1724MB (=1GB+700MB), the cost reaches 150 yuan, and automatically jumps to the 150 yuan/3GB package file; 2) When the traffic of the package file exceeds 150 yuan and reaches 500MB, that is, the cumulative usage traffic reaches 3572MB (=3GB+500MB), the cost reaches 200 yuan, and then jumps to 200 yuan/5GB package file; 3) When the data flow of the package file exceeding RMB 200 reaches 1000MB, that is, the cumulative data flow reaches 6120MB (=5GB+1000MB), the cost reaches RMB 300, and then jumps to the package file of RMB 300/10GB; After jumping to the package file, it is calculated based on the cumulative usage of 7024MB this month	7000MB x 0.1 yuan=700 yuan
Total charge of this month	300 yuan	80+700=780 yuan

Select the default package of 80 yuan

Interval No	Cumulative flow of this month	Total expenses of this month
one	< = 1024 MB	80 yuan
two	1024 — 1724 MB	80-150 yuan
three	1724 — 3072 MB	150 yuan
four	3072 — 3572 MB	150-200 yuan
five	3572 — 5120 MB	200 yuan
six	5120 — 6120 MB	200-300 yuan
seven	6120 — 10240 MB	300 yuan
eight	10240 — 15360 MB	300-800 yuan
nine	>=15360 MB	The Internet access function is automatically turned off and will be automatically opened next month

network security

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What are the hidden dangers of wireless Internet access

As we all know, the wireless network node can normally radiate to a range of about 300 meters, so any computer with a wireless network card installed within 300 meters can access the wireless network node and possibly enter the wireless network; Obviously, this convenient access mode is easy to bring security threats to wireless networks. For example, a hacker computer within 300 meters also has the opportunity to access your wireless network to control your computer's "every move"; Although wireless networks are not as strict as wired networks in terms of information confidentiality, you certainly do not want illegal attackers to easily know your various whereabouts in the network, such as which websites you have visited, what private emails you have sent, etc., which can be clearly understood by illegal visitors.

More seriously, once an illegal visitor near you enters your wireless network, it will be easy to steal all kinds of account information on your network, which will cause you greater security losses. Therefore, in the face of various security risks in wireless networks, you must act in time to take countermeasures, such as encryption technology or network authentication and identification technology, to ensure that only users or network equipment Can enter your wireless network, and other operations that want to forcibly access your wireless network with various wireless network technologies will be rejected.

Security status of wireless Internet access

Due to the inherent technical shortcomings of wireless network, the security of wireless Internet has not been fully guaranteed until now; However, if you wireless Internet users take timely and effective countermeasures, it will still increase the difficulty of illegal attackers invading wireless networks.

Generally speaking, network security is mainly shown in data encryption In terms of data encryption and control of access, data encryption can often ensure that the information transmitted can only be accepted and understood by the expected network users, while control of access can ensure that network information can only be obtained by authorized users. For an ordinary network, its information is transmitted to the designated destination through cables. As long as the physical link is not damaged, the information of the ordinary network will not be disclosed; However, the information of wireless network is transmitted through microwave radiation, so in the area covered by wireless network nodes, all wireless networks workstation It is possible to receive network information, and wireless network nodes can not ensure that information can only be transmitted to specific receiving devices, so the data confidentiality of wireless Internet is worse than that of wired networks.

IEEE 802.11a IEEE 802.11b , IEEE 802.11g and other technical protocols support the security settings of wireless Internet access. By setting network parameters reasonably, the wireless network can ensure that each Internet user Authentication ； Of course, the security setting function of the wireless network can only prevent general intrusion. If you encounter users with slightly higher attack levels, the security setting function of the wireless network will be powerless.

Countermeasures for wireless security

For ordinary wireless network users, what measures should be taken to ensure their Wireless network security What about worry free? In order to make wireless Internet access as safe as possible, this article specifically provides you with the following wireless network security countermeasures:

1. Set correctly Network Key

As you know, in the default state, the manufacturer of wireless network nodes has set the data transmission encryption function of wireless network nodes to "disable" in order to facilitate the installation of wireless networks by primary users. In this way, the network users access for the first time is unsafe, and illegal attackers can easily use professional Sniff Tools to intercept clear text data transmitted in the wireless network. So when you first connect to Wireless LAN When in, you must remember to set the network key to encrypt the data transmitted in the wireless network, so as to effectively resist the illegal intrusion of ordinary hackers.

Before setting the network key, you must first install the wireless network card, and set the IP address and mask address of the wireless network card to be in the same network segment as the IP address and mask address of the wireless network node; Then open the IE Browser , enter the default IP address of the wireless network node in the address column (at present, the IP address of most wireless network nodes is "192.168.1.1", if you cannot connect, you can view the operation instructions of the corresponding device), enter the wireless network node management login page, enter the login password (the password can be found in the description of the wireless network node), You can set the security of wireless network nodes in the following page. Click the security option on the wireless network node management page, select the WEP encryption function, and set the password string according to different encryption types; If you choose 64 bit encryption type, you must enter a 10 bit string as the encryption password. If you choose 128 bit encryption type, you must set the number of bits in the password to 26 bits. After completing the password setting, turn off the power of the wireless network node, and then turn on the power again, so that the wireless network node will restart and the network key will take effect.

Next, you must set the connection properties of the wireless network in the workstation to securely connect to the Wireless LAN Medium. Click Start/Settings/Network and Dial up Connection, right click the Wireless Connection option below the option, and then click Properties in the right-click menu to open the wireless network property setting window; Click the "Wireless Network Configuration" tab of the window, and select the wireless network with encryption enabled in the tab page, then click "Properties", select the "Association" tab in the subsequent attribute window, and then select the "Data Encryption (WEP Enabled)" option in the corresponding tab page, so that the "Network Key" setting item will be activated, Then you can enter the access password of the wireless network node correctly, and click OK to connect the workstation to the wireless network safely.

2. Change default SSID settings

By default, the manufacturer of the wireless network node will use the SSID (initialization string) to verify the connection request of the wireless network node that attempts to log in. Once the verification is passed, it may be connected to the wireless network smoothly; However, since the wireless network nodes launched by the same manufacturer all use the same SSID name, this provides intrusion convenience for attackers who attempt to illegally connect to the wireless network. Once they use a common initialization string to connect to the wireless network, it is easy to build an unauthorized link, thus posing a threat to the security of the wireless network. For this purpose, after the initial installation Wireless LAN You must log in to the management page of the wireless network node in time, open the SSID setting option, and reset the initialization string. It is better to make it difficult to guess; In order to avoid illegal links more effectively, you'd better cancel the SSID Webcast , which can minimize the chance of hacker intrusion.

Of course, after the SSID name in the wireless network node changes, you must also modify the SSID service name in the wireless network attribute setting window of the workstation to ensure that your workstation can access the wireless network smoothly. It is very simple to modify the SSID name in an ordinary workstation. Just click the "Wireless Network Configuration" tab in the wireless network connection properties window, select the wireless network node name in the tab page, click the "Properties" button, and directly enter the new SSID name in the "Service Name (SSID)" in the "Association" tab page that pops up In the text box, click OK to make the settings take effect.

3. Place the antenna properly

Since the wireless network node is the "hub" for the conversion of wired signals and wireless signals, the antenna position in the wireless network node can not only determine Wireless LAN Signal transmission speed communication signals It can also affect the communication security of the wireless network, so it is very necessary to place the wireless network node in an appropriate position! Before placing the antenna, you'd better find out the coverage of the communication signal of the wireless network node, and then place the antenna in a position that other users cannot "touch" according to the size of the range. For example, if the signal transmission capacity of the wireless network node is within 30 meters, and you want to build a small wireless LAN in a space of 100 square meters, it is better to place the wireless network node in the center of the space, and place other workstations around the wireless network node, In this way, the workstations in other rooms will not automatically search your wireless network, so the wireless network is not prone to the risk of signal leakage. If you randomly place the wireless network node near the window or wall, it will not only affect the external transmission of signals, but also the workstation users on the other side of the wall can easily search and connect to your wireless network, so that your network security will be greatly reduced.

4. Do other preventive work well

In order to better protect the security of the wireless network, you can also take some other effective security precautions according to the different functions of the wireless network nodes. For example, if the wireless network access node supports simple Network management function The author suggests that you try to turn off the SNMP function to prevent illegal attackers from easily accessing the entire Wireless LAN Privacy information in. If your wireless network node also supports the access list function, you can use this function to precisely limit which workstations can be connected to the wireless network node, and those workstations not in the access list are not authorized to enter the wireless network. For example, consider each piece Wireless network card All have their own MAC addresses. You can create a "MAC Access Control Table" in the wireless network node device, and then enter the MAC addresses of the network cards that you think are legal into this table one by one. In the future, only the MAC addresses displayed in the "MAC Access Control Table" can enter your wireless network.

Disadvantages and Protection of Wireless Internet Access

Mobile phones have been proved to have considerable radiation. If they are used for a long time, they will certainly harm our health. The radiation problem has been widely concerned by society. Wireless network（ WLAN ）Of course, there is radiation. Although there is no authoritative test result to make a detailed conclusion on the electromagnetic radiation hazards of wireless networks so far, we can't give up the convenience brought by wireless Internet access and wireless communication. So is there any harm from its radiation? Will it affect our health?

1. Radiation is harmful to the elderly, children and pregnant women

During the use of wireless network, wireless router Wireless AP and other devices are emitting electric waves all the time. High dose electromagnetic radiation will affect and destroy the original biological current and biological magnetic field of the human body, causing the original electromagnetic field in the human body to be abnormal. It is worth noting that different people or the same person at different ages have different ability to withstand electromagnetic radiation. The elderly, children and pregnant women are sensitive to electromagnetic radiation and have weak resistance, so they should be our key protection objects. It is better not to let these people get close to the wireless transmission equipment for a long time.

2. Compared with mobile phones, the radiation of wireless networks is very weak

The size of radiation mainly depends on the size of transmission power, China Radio management Regulations of the Committee: Wireless LAN The transmission power of the product cannot be greater than 10mW, while the standards of other countries are relatively loose. For example, the upper limit of the transmission power of wireless LAN products in Japan is 100mW, and that of some European and American countries is about 50mW. At present, the products sold on the market generally conform to the standards of European and American countries. Mobile phones can reach more than 1W when the power is high, most of them wireless router The transmission power of the wireless network card is between 50mW and 100mW, while the power of the wireless network card is generally below 10mW.

3. Replacing a high gain antenna will not increase radiation

For the wireless network products on the market at present, the antenna gain is generally 2dBi and 3dBi. In order to expand the wireless signal, some users prefer to replace the antenna with high gain. As the antenna is a passive component, it will not increase power. No matter how large the gain antenna is added, its transmission power will not be higher than 50mw. The transmission power mainly depends on the transmission hotspot, that is, the wireless router and the wireless AP themselves, as long as their power meets safety standards You can replace the high gain antenna with confidence.

4. Mechanism of radiation harm to human body

Thermal effect: more than 70% of the human body is water. Water molecules rub against each other after being radiated by electromagnetic waves, causing the body to heat up, thus affecting the normal work of internal organs.

Non thermal effect: there are weak electromagnetic fields in human organs and tissues, which are stable and orderly. Once disturbed by external electromagnetic fields, the weak electromagnetic fields in equilibrium will be destroyed, and the human body will also be damaged.

Cumulative effect: after the thermal effect and non thermal effect act on the human body, before the damage to the human body can be self repaired (usually referred to as human endurance - internal resistance), if the electromagnetic wave radiation is received again, the degree of damage will accumulate, and will become a permanent disease and endanger life in a long time. For groups exposed to electromagnetic wave radiation for a long time, even if the power is very small and the frequency is very low, it may induce unexpected diseases, which should be alerted.

5. How to avoid damage caused by wireless radiation

The radiation of the wireless network mainly depends on the transmission power. The closer the wireless transmission point is, the stronger the radiation will be. Therefore, the wireless routing and wireless AP should be placed far away from people, and far away from the bedroom. Try to avoid close and long contact between the elderly, children and pregnant women wireless router Turn off the power before going to bed at night. In addition, attention should be paid to avoid wireless products being too close to audio, television and other electronic equipment to prevent mutual interference from generating other radiation. As long as everyone keeps a certain distance, avoids the cumulative effect caused by living in a high-intensity wireless network environment for a long time, and forms good use habits, there will be no problem. No one will put a wireless router on their head.

Common QA

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Wireless Internet Access (3 sheets)

Usage question 1. What is the reason that dial-up Internet access and calls cannot be carried out at the same time? At present, Wireless network card The concurrent function of data service and voice service is not supported temporarily.

2. The computer prompts "Check the wireless network card". What is the reason? What should I do? Because the wireless network connection signal is interrupted, restart the application program or pull out the card, insert it and restart the network card dialing program.

3. What is the reason for the prompt "Port error"? This error prompt appears because: (1) The wireless network card port is closed abnormally; (2) The wireless network card is not plugged in properly; (3) The port of the network card is disabled. Generally, you only need to reinsert the card and wait about 10 seconds (because it takes about 10 seconds for the computer to recognize the network card) before restarting the network card dialer.

4. It can be used normally, but suddenly cannot connect to the Internet. The system prompts that the password is wrong. How to solve this problem? An error occurred in the system software. You need to reset the wireless network card dialing options, where the dial access number is "# 777", the user name and password are "card", and then reconnect.

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