Where E θ iselectric field intensityThe component of θ, in V/m;H φ is magneticfield strengthThe component of degree φ, in A/m;E is the coefficient related to incentive;F (θ, φ) is calleddirectionalfunction;η 0=√ (μ 0/ε 0)=120 π is a free spaceWave impedance;K=2 π/λ is the propagation constant.Therefore, the antenna radiation field strength E can be used on the spherical surface away from the antenna rdirectionalfunctionF (θ, φ).Use its maximum value fmaxnormalizationLater referred to as normalizationdirectionalfunction, denoted as F (θ, φ). Directional function is divided into amplitude directional functionphaseDirectional functionandpower density Directional function.Generally, little attention is paid to the phase distribution, so unless otherwise specified,normalizationDirectional functions refer to normalized amplitude directional functions.
Traditionally, the directivity function is expressed in decibels FdB=20lg [F (θ, φ)] dB
Changing relationship
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The pattern is a graphical representation of directivity function, which can graphically describe the relationship between antenna radiation characteristics and spatial directional coordinates.Radiation characteristics include radiation intensityfield strength, phase and polarization.Usually discussed infar fieldradiusThe antenna radiation (or reception)powerOr the change rule of field intensity with the coordinate of position direction, which is called power pattern and field pattern respectively.The antenna pattern is shown infar fieldSo it is also called far-field pattern.
directionalfunctionThe directional map drawn is callednormalizationThe pattern is represented by dimensionless relative values or decibels.There are 2D and 3D directional maps.3D directional map is divided into spherical coordinate 3D directional map andCartesian coordinates3D pattern, 2D pattern is divided intopolar coordinatesThere are two kinds of pattern and rectangular coordinate pattern.
An antenna radiation pattern or antenna pattern is difined as "a mathematical function or graphical representation of the radiation properties of the antenna as a function of space coordinate."