Journalism[1], also known as news, information, is spread through newspapers, radio, radio, television and other media channels[2]A title.It is a style that records society, spreads information and reflects the times.The concept of news can be divided into broad sense and narrow sense. In its broad sense, except for comments and special articles published in newspapers, radio, the Internet, and television, the commonly used texts belong to news, including news, communications, features, sketches (some include sketches), etc[3]In the narrow sense, news refers specifically to news, which is to report the recent and valuable facts at home and abroad quickly and timely in a concise way, so that others can understand them.Each news generally includes a titleElectric head、Introduction, subject, background andepilogueSix parts.The first four are the main parts, and the last two are the auxiliary parts. The title, introduction and main body are indispensable.In writing, it is mainly narrative, and sometimes it is also argumentative, descriptive, and critical.News is a news service platform containing massive information, which truly reflects important events at every moment.You can quickly understand their latest progress by viewing news events, hot topics, people updates, product information, etc.[4]
Ming·Chen Jiru《An De Elder's Speech》"Wu Vu sat down and asked the news frequently. This idle man is not the end of the interaction between the media and evil people, but the beginning of his introduction."
《The Dream of Red Mansion》The first time: "At the moment, the neighborhood is stirred up, and people regard it as a news legend."
3. The meaning of the Song Dynasty is different from the formalgovernment bulletinThe tabloid of.
Song Dynasty·Zhao ShengOfficial Documents:“government bulletinAnd sunrise.Every day, we will make a plan. Please report the incident to the governmentJinzuo AcademyReport to the world.There are so-called "internal investigation", "provincial investigation", "government investigation" and so on. All of them are interested in private tabloids. They are forbidden to leak, so they are called "news". "
4. It refers to the reports of newspapers, radio stations and television stations on recent events.With the rich and convenient means of communication, the coverage of news is more extensive, and some people think that news is the report of ongoing or recent facts.
Song JiaorenThe Diary of Fisherman Song: "I have translated this article into English, Buddhism, dew, and independent languages, and sent it to various countries for news publication."
Lao She《teahouse》Act II: "The news of the Changxindian war, buy a newspaper and see the news of the Changxindian war!"
pen name of Wan Jiabao《sunrise》Act 3: "I thought that the pictorial would have such a picture of the boss, mine, Hu Si's, our two's, and the newspaper would have the news of our honeymoon every day."
5. New version《unabridged dictionary》Is interpreted as:“newspaper officeNews agencies, radio stations, television stations and other news organizationsPolitical eventsorSocial eventsReports made.It is required to speak quickly, timely, truthfully, simply and clearly, and with facts.The forms include news, communication, feature, reporter communication, investigation report, picture news, television news, etc. "[7]
The first journalism school in the world isthe University of Missouri in Columbia The School of Journalism of the United States has created what the United States calls the "invisible fourth world" (that is, journalism. The other three worlds are the separation of the three powers, judicial, administrative and legislative).
This stage of China belongs to the pioneer period.
Before 1928, the famous journalists graduated from the University of Missouri at Columbia worked in the Far East, and more than half of themChina。Among these people, Thomas F.F. MillardPowell（J.B.Powell）、associated pressJohn R. Morris, Morris HarrisBabu(J.C. Babb), James D. WhiteUnited Press InternationalBenjamin Kline《New York Times》Henry F Misselwitz, Victor Keen《Miller's Review》Carl Crow, etc. Later, there were Maurice Votaw, Edgar Snow, and even though it was not a secret background, it came fromMissouriAgnes Smedley, Emily Hahn, etc.Since 1900, these people have traveled from the Midwest of the United States to China in an endless stream, forming a magnificent landscape.Professor J.M. Hamilton of Northwestern University described them as "Missouri Monopoly", and Dr. Mordechai Rozanski of Adolf University even more jokingly called them "Missourimafia”（MissouriMafia）。
On the other hand, a large number of important journalists, news educators, news officials, politicians and academicians in China during the Republic of Chinathe University of Missouri in Columbia 。 For example, the main writer of Guangzhou TimesHuang XianzhaoVice Minister of the Publicity Department of the Central Committee of the Kuomintang in charge of foreign newsDong XianguangPresident of the Central DailyMa Xingye，《declare》Famous journalist and successorFudan UniversityProfessor Wang Yingbin,ReutersreporterZhao MinhengKuomintang press officialsShen Jianhong, famous newspapermanWu JiatangNews educatorJiang YinenLiang ShichunXie RanzhiObviously, China also has a "Missouri News Gang".
Xu Baohuang, also known as Boxuan, was born in Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province.Famous Newseducator。He was the first one to open in ChinajournalismUniversity professor of the course, advocating that newspapers should have independentsocial positionAnd shall make suggestions and requests on behalf of the nationals.At the same time, he believes that the public opinion of newspapers is based on the news, and the news is based on the correct facts. Therefore, whether the facts in the news are correct or not determines whether the public opinion is sound or not. Newspapers have an important responsibility and role in promoting morality and opening people's minds.Xu BaohuangIn ChinaJournalism educationHe has made great contributions and is known as "the first master of journalism education" and "the first master of journalismoriginator ”。
The structure of news generally consists of five parts: title, introduction, subject, background and end.The content of news usually has five elements: time, place, person, event and result.[16]
social developmentIt is affected by many factors, and news communication is a very important part of it.And with the development of the times, news communication has become an important industry related to the national economy and the people's livelihoodhuman beingsCommunication with society needs an effective media, and news communication just meets the needs of such media, which can not only transmit the information of social development, but also affect the development of human thinking.[17]
Social ideological trend
Social development is inseparable from the influence of social trends of thought, andSocial ideological trendThe guidance of news communication is inseparable from the role of news communication.Tradition and modernity have never been a pair of opposite wordshuman societyWith the continuous progress of, traditional thinking must be transformed into modern thinking, but the imprisonment of traditional thinking can not be easily broken. In the traditional class society, the ideology and culture formed by rulers in order to safeguard their own rights and interests have formed a huge ideological cage. If people want to escape from this cage, they must have the key,And news communication will give full playkeyThrough the report and analysis of modern ideas, news communication effectively unties the shackles of traditional ideas covering people and gives people the opportunity to choose their lives freely.[17]
Intelligent
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Intelligent news production.The traditional news production process is mainly composed of several stages, namely, topic selection, interview, writing, editing, typesetting, and publishing.With the development of automated news, news AI (news robot) has restructured and reconstructed the production of news content, eliminating the intermediate links that need to be completed by manpower, simplifying the process of news production, and bringing about high-yield and efficient news production.[18]
mechanism
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News communicationIt can be divided into TV, radio, newspapers and magazines according to media,Internet advertisingMedia and other categories.
Truth is the life of news.But from the first day of news, false news and news came into being together.Whether it is a horizontal comparison between China and other countries in the world, or a vertical comparison between the historical and current press, we can see the shadow of false news.False news not only damages the media'sSocial credibility, also causedSocial orderThe turbulence of and audience anxiety.[19]
visualization
Big data eraThe change in news production not only makes reports have massive data, but also the key lies in the "breadth" and "depth" of the data, which has also profoundly changed the way of news reporting.Visual news emerged and developed with the wide use of data in news.[20]
Short video
Short videoThrough the dual communication advantages of fragmented narrative and audio-visual integrated communication, news presents the traditional graphic and video news in a more direct and simple way, which has increasingly become a new platform for people to accept information. Short videos, represented by dithering, have also developed into a new position for mainstream media news dissemination.[21]
Reporting form
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Generally speaking, it can be classified into four writing styles: inverted pyramid style, positive pyramid style, eclectic style, and flat out style.
Inverted pyramid
This way of writing is commonly used by the media.This mode writes the most important news in the news in the first paragraph, or presents the front end of the news in the form of a news summary, which helps the audience quickly understand the focus of the news.Because this mode caters to the audience's acceptance psychology, it has become the most common form of media application.
The basic format of this mode of writing (except for the title) is: first write the mostnews valueThe news value is the most prominent, novel and attractive part of the news;Secondly, in the main body of the report, according to the importance of each element of the event, write it down in descending order, and the last one is the least important;It should also be noted that a paragraphWrite onlyOne element of an event cannot end in one paragraph.
Because this format is notCompliance EventsFundamentals of developmentChronological orderTherefore, when writing, we should try to conceive from the perspective of the audience, and arrange the elements of the event according to the audience's understanding of the importance of the event, so we need long-term practical experience and macro understanding of the audience.
Regular pyramid
This kind of writing style is a writing style that takes the chronological order as the writing structure, which is just the opposite of the inverted pyramid style. It is the introduction, process, and result in order. It adopts the way of gradually reaching the climax, and places the focus of the news at the end of the text, which is generally used for close-up.
Semi-BlockStyle
Compromise is also calledNew Chinese StyleThis writing method compromises the inverted pyramid and the positive pyramid, and the most important information in the news is still presented in the introduction, and then according to theTimelinessorLogicalitynarration.
The basic format of this model (except for the title) is: first, the most important part of the event is briefly reflected in the introduction;Then, in the second paragraph, further elaborate this important part of the introduction to form support, so that the audience will not formPsychological gap 。[13]Therefore, the second paragraph is actually a transitional paragraph;Then tell the "story" in the chronological order of events.
Flat out
This way of writing is to focus on writing[14]To strive for fluency and accuracy in writing, this writing method is suitable for organizations to use when issuing statements.[4][15]
