New type batteries refer to zinc silver batteries, lithium batteries, solar cells, etc.sincethe Second World WarSince then, in order to meet the development needs of new technologies such as industry and space navigation, a variety of new batteries have been developed.
China New Battery Supply and Demand Forecast and Investment Prospect Analysis Report The development of new batteries follows such a direction, that is, small dead weight, small volume, large capacity, wide temperature adaptation range, safe use, long storage period, and convenient maintenance.Batteries used in space technology also pay special attention to reliable performance and good sealing, and can withstand the test of various harsh space environment and launch environment.
In April 2016, American scientists found a new battery that can be charged hundreds of thousands of times without damage.[1]
Chinese name
New battery
development direction
Small dead weight, small volume, large capacity, etc
Zinc silver battery is generally called silverZinc battery, usingPotassium hydroxideorsodium hydroxidebyelectrolyte, silver as cathode material, zinc as cathode materialNegative material。The active material on the positive electrode made of silver is porous silver, and the active material on the negative electrode made of zinc is mainlyzinc oxide。Pour in the electrolyte, and after charging, the silver of the positive electrode will become bivalentSilver oxideThe zinc oxide of the negative electrode becomes zinc.The zinc silver battery is generally installed in a plastic shell or an aluminum alloy or stainless steel shell.
The main advantages of zinc silver battery areSpecific energyHigh, its energy to mass ratio (effective electric energy generated per unit mass) reaches 100W · h/kg ～ 130W · h/kg (YesLead storage battery3 to 4 times).Zinc silver batteries suitable for high current discharge are used in military, aviation, mobile communication equipment, electronic instruments, artificial satellites, aerospace and other aspects.Made of button type miniatureZinc silver batterybe applied todigital watch, hearing aids, computers, andpacemakerEtc.
lithium battery
Lithium is the lightest metal element in nature.The energy mass ratio of 380W · h/kg~450W · h/kg can be obtained by using lithium as negative electrode and matching with appropriate positive electrode.
Batteries with lithium as negative electrode are calledlithium battery。AsPrimary batteryFor trial use, one is based onLithium perchlorateAs an electrolyte, the other is a lithium battery with polyfluorocarbon as cathode materiallithium bromideIs an electrolyte composed ofsulfur dioxideLithium battery with positive material.
The main advantage of lithium battery is that it can emit large electric energy under small volume or self weight（Specific energyIt is much larger than zinc silver battery), the voltage is very stable when discharging, the storage life is long, and it can work effectively in a wide temperature range.Application andZinc silver batterySame.From the perspective of development trend, the competitiveness of lithium battery will exceed that of zinc silver battery.
solar cell
Commonly used solar cells are made of silicon;It is generally in the electronic typemonocrystalline siliconA thin layer of boron is infiltrated into a small piece ofPN junctionAnd then add the electrode.When sunlight directly shines on the thin layer surface with boronemf。This battery can be used as power supply for instruments on satellites.Except silicon,Gallium arsenideIt is also a good material for making solar cells.
Nuclear battery
Nuclear battery is also called“Radioisotope battery”It is made by transforming the heat energy of the radiation with heat energy continuously emitted by the isotope in the process of decay into electrical energy through a semiconductor transducer.Nuclear batteries have been successfully used as power supplies for spacecraftpacemakerPower supply and some special military applications.
As early as 1913, the technology of nuclear battery has beenHenry MoselleAll scientists expect that this technology can be used in space instruments.But it has been unable to improveenergy efficiency , nanotechnology has developed more effectivesemiconductorBe noticed later.
Nuclear batteries can be roughly divided into two categories:Thermal conversion nuclear batteryandNon thermal conversion nuclear battery。 The thermal conversion type is the use of isotopes that emit a large amount of heat energy (such asPlutonium 238, curium 244 andCurium 242Etc.) throughThermoelectric effectorphotoelectric effect(Absorbs infrared rays of isotopes that are heated by themselves) to produce electricity.Not thermal conversion typeNuclear batteryThen use theBeta particle, that is, directly usingElectronicsIt does not involve the use of heat to generate electricity, so it is called a non thermal conversion type nuclear battery.
The energy efficiency of thermal conversion nuclear battery is 0.1~5%, while that of non thermal conversion nuclear battery is 6~8%.
It was reported in 1975 that foreign countries were facing the firstAtomic battery(atomic battery, or nuclear battery).This atomic battery with an output of 20 watts and a mass of 1398 kg has sunk into the seabed of the North Sea to supply power to the adjacent oceanographic stations.
The battery is sealed in a cylinder with a length of 84cm, a diameter of 69cm and a lead outer wall thickness of 10cm.Its core part is strontium 90.When strontium decays, it generates heat energy equivalent to 300W, and then converts the heat energy into electrical energy through a thermoelectric generator.Last outputelectric powerIt is 20W and the voltage is 28V.It is said that this kind of atomic battery does not need maintenance and can be used for at least 5 years. It is estimated that it can be used for 10 years.
Development status
Announce
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domestic
With the increasing demand for new batteries in China's rapidly developing economy, the Chinese government will continue to support the research and development of new batteries in terms of policies, funds, etc.
Global
With the worldwideElectronic information productsWith the rapid development of manufacturing industry, the new battery industry, which is suitable for the miniaturization and portability of electronic products, has obtained unprecedented development opportunities.Lithium battery, solar batteryfuel cellThe new battery industry represented by,Industrial scaleRapid growth.Under the dual role of the market demand of downstream manufacturing industry as an external force and the continuous advancement of its own technological progress as an internal force, the industrial chain of the new battery industry is becoming increasingly perfect, and the industrial connotation is further enrichedIndustrial transferThe trend is reasonable and the industrial development momentum is strong.
China's new battery enterprises must seize the new development situation, strengthen the research on the safety of new batteries, improve product competitiveness, and strengthenBrand awarenessIn line with the development trend of miniaturization and lightweight, we should increase the development and application of new batteries, accelerate the development of new technologies, reduce the consumption of raw materials, reduce costs, and strengthen cooperation. Only in this way can we remain invincible in the new situation.
Energy saving and new energy technology is one of the most potential technologies for mankind in the 21st century. The increasingly mature new energy technology will also bring great changes to people's lives.As an important part of the new energy field, the new battery industry has become a new hotspot in the global economic development.withLithium ion battery, solar cellsfuel cellThe new battery industry represented by,Industrial scaleRapid growth.Under the dual role of the market demand of downstream manufacturing industry as an external force and the continuous advancement of its own technological progress as an internal force, the industrial chain of the new battery industry is becoming increasingly perfect, and the industrial connotation is further enrichedIndustrial transferThe trend is reasonable and the industrial development momentum is strong.
new typeGreen batteryIt has played or will play an important role in the major technical fields facing the 21st century, such as electronic information, new energy and environmental protection. At the same time, new batteries can meet the requirements of modern military equipment and weapons, transportationoffice automation , mineral exploration, oil drilling, medical equipment and even household appliances are also of great significance.
