Volgograd (Russian: Волгоград, English: Volgograd) isRussiafederalVolgogradThe capital governs 8 districts,Geographical coordinates: (48 ° 41 ′ N, 44 ° 28 ′ E), located atMoscowAbout 1000 kilometers southeastEurasiaInternalHumid continental climate 。[4]The city is located on the plains at the lower reaches of the Volga River, where the Tsarizin River flows intoVolga River, not far to the westDon RiverWatershed.
Volgograd
Name evolution
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From 1589 to 1925, it was named as Charizyn (Φ арий фын).
In 1925, in order to commemorate the contribution of Stalin, Tsarizin was renamed Stalingrad (Сталингражд).
Volgograd isVolga River BasinOne of the oldest cities, built on the Volga River on the grassland of South Russia, is located in the transition zone between Europe and Asia, which is a natural land and water cityTransport hub, which also doomed it to play an important role.No matter whatMoscow Principality、Russian Empire, frontSoviet Union, or to today'sRussiaThis city is of great significance to the Federation.
Volgograd was founded in 1589. It was originally named Charizine and was built at the junction of Charizine River and Volga RiverAlluvial islandOn.It was originally designed as a fortress to protectRussiaThe southeast border and the Great Volga journey were sparednomadic peopleThe invasion of.It was destroyed by fire in the early 17th century, rebuilt on the right bank of the Volga River in 1615, became a military fortress since the 18th century, and built a railway in the late 19th century. The city developed rapidly, becoming an important industry andCommercial tradeCenter.
In 1925, it was renamed Stalingrad in memory of Stalin (grad, Russian: град, meaning city, often used as suffix)
From Stalin's reign toPatriotic WarBefore, the city has been further developedSoviet Unionimportantheavy industryCenter, major grain, oil and coal producing areas, and railway and Volga River transportationentrepot。North CaucasusFoodBakuOilCentral AsiaOf cotton through this industryRailway junctionAnd the ports on the Volga River provide central areas of the Soviet Union.
July 1942 GermanyfascistMore than 1.5 million troops have been deployed in an attempt to capture Stalingrad, cut off the Volga River and control itCaucasusAnd then attack Moscow in the north.Stalingrad fought bloody battles for more than 200 days and nights, annihilating all German troops and finally forcing German fascism to stopStrategic attackAnd began to collapse.
The great victory in Stalingrad on February 2, 1943 becamethe Second World WarThe turning point ofFascismThe decline has been very obvious.Battle of StalingradThe victory ofSoviet Patriotic WarAnd the foundation for the victory of the Second World War.ChilepoetNerudaOn the patriotic war: "The rule of courage rewards this land".
The war is overAfter that, the city had to be rebuilt almost completely.The whole country supported Stalingrad during the war, and the whole country helped it heal the wounds of the war and help it recover.The reconstruction of the destroyed cityVolga Don CanalConstruction of ship channel (drilled in 1952) andVolgograd Hydropower StationThe construction ofThe people of the Soviet UnionThe attention and efforts paid to the development and construction of Stalingrad.
After the 22nd National Congress of the Soviet Communist Party in 1961, the city was renamed Volgograd by Khrushchev.
economic construction
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agricultural production
VolgogradIt grows hard stem wheat, vegetables, melons and fruits.For both meat and milkAnimal HusbandryThe direction of development is still developingpoultryFeedingBeekeepingAnd goat breeding.
In Volgograd in 1993industrial structure Among them, electric energy accounts for 3.8%, raw material processing accounts for 22.4%, automotive machinery manufacturing accounts for 17%, and chemical industry accounts for 15.7%,light industryAnd food processing industry account for 20%.
Large enterprises include: "tractor" in Volgogradmanufacturer”limited company, with 19500 employees;The "Red October" metallurgical plant has 12000 employees;The "barricade" factory has 12500 employees;"Volgograd CC" joint-stock company, with 5500 employees;The cotton textile complex in Kameshen has 1100 employees;The state-owned bearing factory in Volgaski has 159000 employees, and the Volgaski pipe factory has 9000 employees.
traffic
Volgograd is also an importantTransportation Center, connecting central RussiaCaucasus MountainsIn the western and eastern regions, this is very beneficial to industrial and agricultural transportation and personnel exchanges.The city is connected with the railways of major cities, and has air lines, which extend in all directions, especially toCaspian Sea, Ural,Sochi And other tourist attractions, which are both cheap and convenient.From Volgograd toItaly, Germanyarab, KuwaitGreece、turkey、India、Sri Lanka、LebanonAnd beforeSoviet Unionvariousaligned republicRegular non-stop flights.MoscowThere are 5-6 round-trip flights to and from Volgograd every day, and the journey time is about one hour. In addition, there are three trains from Moscow every day, which travel 18 hours to Volgograd.
social undertakings
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Culture
Volgograd is a large science and education center in southern Russia. The city has 22 higher education institutions and more than 60000 students, dozens ofscientific research institution, there are more than 100public library, 3 museums and 4 theaters.
Volgograd is also one of southern RussiaTourist CenterEvery year, more than 100000 foreign tourists visit Volgograd.Volgograd is clean and beautiful, with many historic sites, museums, theatersConcert Hall, restaurants, etc.
Foreign exchange
Volgograd also established ties with 18 cities from 15 countries around the worldSister city, they are:
Volgograd has nearly 100 monuments and statues as well as dozens ofMemorialMost of them are related to revolutionary historical events and historical figures, such as the Tomb of Unknown Soldiers on the Martyrs Square in the center of the city, the "Pavlov Building" located between Lenin Street and Soviet Road,Battle of StalingradPanoramaMemorial Hall,MamayevHighland Monuments,Cha Lijin security battleMonument andlenin square OnLenin statue Etc.Among them, the Stalingrad Defense Panorama Memorial Hall is famous far and wide. The Memorial Hall is a tall and novel white building located in the city center.
Stalin
Panorama hanging in the memorial hallCentral HallMedium.Along the center of the hallSpiralClimb up the stairs and climb to the top floor, and the fierce battle scene that shocked the world will reappear.The picture is spread out in all directions with the main battlefield of the year - Mamayev Hill, the commanding height of the city as the center.Panoramic painting skillfully integrates the picture with models, objects and terrain, with a strong sense of reality andStereoscopic feeling。The panorama is 5 meters long and 3 meters high. It took 8 people two years to create itRussiaThe largest panorama."Katyusha" is on display outside the memorial hallrocket gun, aircraft, tanks.In the basement of the memorial hall, there are some relics of martyrs and weapons used in those years on display.Beside the memorial hall, there is a five storey building with broken walls. During the war, the whole city was destroyed, which was deliberately preserved.
Mamayev Kurgan
Another famous monument is the Mamayev Hill.This is the main battlefield in the defense of Stalingrad,Soviet Red ArmyAnd GermanyfascistThe place where the army will fight in the final battle.At the entrance, there is a huge relief sculpture on the left and on the right, called "Generation Forever".Step up, towering trees on both sides, war relief andHero StatueAlternate.In the middle of the highland, there is a square to defend to the death. In the fountain in the middle, there is a man with a gun in one hand and a thunder in the otherShirtlessHero statue.Further up, there are reliefs on the left and right, called "Broken Walls", on which there are many heroic images and wartime slogans. When people approach these reliefs, they hear the live recording of the year: the sound of enemy bombing,Air-to-air shootingThe sound of machine guns and the shouts of soldiers rushing to kill the enemy.And that yearRadio MoscowFamous announcerLeviathanA loud voice.He's readingGood News, calling on people to shed the last drop of blood for victory
Heroic Statue
Passing through the Hero Square with numerous statues is the Mourning Square. Beside the square, there is a circular building surrounded by steles, which is the Memorial Hall for the fallen soldiers.In the middle of the hall is a huge hand holding an ever bright torch, guarded by four guards. On the surrounding walls are dozens of red flags, with more than 7000 dead officers and soldiers' names.At the top of the hill stands a majestic statue of "Motherland Calling", 85 meters high, with a base weight of 8000 tons. She holds a sword in her right hand and points to the direction of the enemy's invasion in her left hand, calling out her children to rise up and kill the enemy bravely.This statue seems to be a towering goddess, and is regarded as the symbol of Volgograd and the whole Russia.
Motherland - Mother
From Kazan to Volgograd by boat via Ulyanovsk, Volgograd is located inVolga RiverDownstream right bank, distance fromMoscow1000 kilometers away.VolgogradOctober RevolutionFormerly known as Tsarizin, it was awarded the honorable title of Heroic City and renamed Stalingrad because of the bloody battle of the army and the people of Stalingrad who wiped out the enemy.In 1961, Stalingrad was renamed Volgograd.It is widely known as the starting point of the famous canal connecting the Volga River and the Don River.
On the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in the center of the city stands a tall steeple with an ever burning torch.On Gogoli Street, there is the Museum of the Patriotic War.Volgograd has nearly 100 monuments and statues throughout the city, most of which are related to revolutionary historical events and figures, such asBattle of StalingradThe Panorama Memorial Hall is famous far and wide.The whole territory reproduces the scene of the big battle, which is lifelike, heroic and moving.
Museum of the Panorama of the Battle of Stalingrad
Museum of the Panorama of the Battle of Stalingrad
The 1942 Stalingrad model, the weapons used at that timemilitary suppliesAnd many other displays together serve as testimony to this glorious history.
In addition, there are portraits of generals and schools at that time, including the portraits of Stalin.Now in the whole originalSoviet UnionOn the land, the image of Stalin, which has disappeared, has been preserved here. Perhaps Stalin did not direct the battle, but his achievements in this defense battle are indelible!
The upper part of the museum is painted with a giant panorama of the battle situation of Stalingrad, which has a strong three-dimensional sense.
State Rural Museum
（Областной Краеведческий Музей）
It is a company related to Volgograd (Волгоград)Comprehensive Museum。It mainly displays unearthed articles and folk custom materials, and even displays in detail the materials, industries and other modern cultures related to the establishment of the city.
State Rural Museum
MiG fighterThe exhibition is located in another building.What is most worth visitingbelugaIn November 1976 in VolgogradHydropower stationCaptured nearby, 2.4m long and 150kg in weight.
It is a museum founded by the rich merchant's museum at the end of the 19th century.The main contents of the exhibition includethe First World WartoRussian RevolutionVolga's local history after the Civil War.Among them, the white army flag, the red army uniform, and the map showing the change of the situation on the front line are all worth seeing.In addition, there are also armored vehicle models used by the revolutionary army in the museum. You can also sit on them and experience them.
Volgograd History Museum
The construction of the museum itself is a vivid evidence of the history of the battle of Stalingrad.
City Honor
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In April 2020, it was selected into the "2020 World Famous Summer Cities".[6]
