Literature review is also called summary for shortLiterature review，document analysis 。It is a kind of academic paper that collects a large amount of relevant data on topics, problems or research topics in a certain field, a certain profession or a certain aspect, and then makes a comprehensive introduction and elaboration on the latest progress, academic opinions or suggestions of the current topics, problems or research topics through reading, analyzing, summarizing, sorting out.
Chinese name
Journals reviewed
Foreign name
Literature Review
Alias
Literature summary
Related formats
Preface, topic, summary and references
Relevant points
Summary of composition before opening
Relevant viewpoints
Difficult work
matters needing attention
Collection of documents should be as complete as possible
How to Make a Literature Review - Six Steps to Success
Literature review refers to the research status (including main academic views, previous research achievements and research levels, focus of controversy, existing problems and possible reasons), new levelNew developments, new technologies, new discoveries, development prospects, etc., and put forward their own opinions and research ideas.It requires the author not only to comprehensively sort out and state the main points of view of the materials he has consulted, but also to conduct a more specialized, comprehensive, in-depth and systematic discussion and corresponding evaluation of the comprehensively sorted documents according to his own understanding and understanding, rather than just the "piling up" of academic research in relevant fields.
Literature review is a style different from research papers, which is composed of researchers' understanding, collation, integration, comprehensive analysis and evaluation after reading the literature on a certain topic in advance.
Searching and reading literature is an important prerequisite for writing a review.The quality of a review depends largely on the author's mastery of the latest literature related to the topic.If notbibliography retrievalAnd reading work, we will never write a high-level review.
A good literature review can not only lay a solid theoretical foundation and provide some extension opportunities for the next step of dissertation writing, but also show that the author of the book review has summarized, analyzed, sorted and integrated the existing research literatureComprehensive capabilitySo as to help improve the overall evaluation of the level of dissertations.
In How to Do Literatureoverview——Six Steps to Success, Lawrence March and Brenda McIvo put forward a six step model of literature review, which divided the process of literature review into six steps: selecting theme, literature search, launching argument, literature research, literature criticism and review writing.
Literature review can be divided into basic literature review and advanced literature review according to different research purposes.Basic literature review is to summarize and evaluate the existing knowledge of relevant research topics to state the status of existing knowledge;Advanced literature review is to review relevant literature after selecting research interests and topics, establish research topics, and then propose further research to establish a research project.
Related formats
Journals reviewed
Generally speaking, it includes the following four parts: abstract, introduction, main body and references.
that is becauseResearchThis paper focuses on research methods, results, trends and progress.
Summary and keywords
The abstract is limited to 200 words.The abstract should be independent and self contained, without charts, lengthy formulas, unknown symbolsabbreviation。3-5 keywords need to be given after the summary, intermediate applicationsemicolon";" separation.
Introduction
The introduction part mainly explains the purpose of writing, introduces the relevant concepts, definitions and the scope of the review, briefly explains the research status or the focus of controversy of the relevant topics, so that the readers can have a preliminary outline of the issues to be described in the full text.The preface should be conciseText descriptionThe purpose and necessity of writing, the definition of relevant concepts, the scope of review, the current situation and dynamics of relevant issues, and the focus of debate on major issues.The preface is generally 200-300 words, not more than 500 words.
In the introduction (or introduction, introduction) of the overview, the following contents should be written clearly:
(1) First of all, the purpose of writing should be explained, and the summary theme, problems and research fields should be defined.
(2) Point out the general trend of published literature on review topics, and elaborate the definitions of relevant concepts.
(3) To specify the scope of the review, including the scope of disciplines and time frame involved in the topic, it is necessary to state the starting and ending years of the cited literature, the criteria for interpreting, analyzing and comparing the literature, and organizing the review order.
(4) Briefly explain the current situation or the focus of controversy of the relevant issues, and lead to the core theme of the review. This is what the majority of readers are most concerned about and interested in, and it is also the main line of the writing review.
Theme section
The theme part is the main body of the review.It is written in various ways and has no fixed format.It can be summarized according to the chronological order of the published literature, or by different issues, or by different perspectives. No matter which format is used, the collected literature should be summarized, sorted out, analyzed and compared to clarify the historical background, current situation and development direction of the review theme established in the introduction, as well as the comments on these issues,In the theme part, special attention should be paid to the literature quotation and review that are representative, scientific and creative.Subject content can be flexible according to the type of reviewSelect StructureArrangements.
The hierarchical title of the subject should be short and clear, limited to 15 words, not usedpunctuation, and its hierarchy division and numbering are all usedArabic numeralsHierarchical numbering method (excluding the introduction), generally two levels, and the third levelParenthesis() Formal identification with numbers in the middle.
Illustrations should be selected and self explanatory, and should not be repeated with words and tables in the text.The figure sequence andTitle。
The form should be carefully designed, simple in structure, easy to operate, and self explanatory. The content should not be repeated with the text and illustrations.The form shall beThree line table, can be properly filledguide, but slashes and vertical lines are not allowed.The table sequence and table name shall be indicated above the table.
The main body is the focus of the review. There is no fixed format in writing. As long as the comprehensive content can be well expressed, the author can creatively adopt many forms.The text mainly includes two parts: argument and demonstration. By raising, analyzing and solving problems, it compares the views of different scholars on the same problem and its theoretical basis, and further clarifies the context of the problem and the author's own views.Of course, the author can also put forward different views of the literature from the historical background, current situation and development direction of the problem.The body can be divided into several parts according to the contentSubtitleDiscussed separately.Summary is a brief summary of the main body of the review. The author should carry outComprehensive evaluation, put forward their own views, point out the existing problems and future development direction and prospects.A simple summary may not be required.
reference
References are an important part of the review.The number of general references can reflect the breadth and depth of the author's reading.Different journals have different requirements on the number of references for review papers. Generally, it is better to have no more than 30 references, with the latest literature within 3-5 years as the main reference.
1. Monograph: [serial number] Author. Title [M]. Version (the first edition is not described). Place of publication:publisher, year of publication, start and end pages
2. Journal: [serial number] Author. Title [J]. Journal name, year, volume (issue): start and end pages
threeConference PapersCollection (or assembly): [serial number] Author. Title [A]. EditorproceedingsName [C]. Place of publication: publisher, year of publication, beginning and ending pages
5. Patent: [Serial number] Patent applicantPatent title [P]. Patent country (or region):Patent No, date of publication
sixScientific report: [Serial number] AuthorTitle of the report [R]. No., place of publication: publisher, year of publication, beginning and ending pages
8. Newspaper article: [serial number] AuthorTitle [N]Newspaper name, year month day (edition)
9. Electronic document: [Serial number] Main responsible person. Title of electronic document [Electronic document andCarrier typeIdentification]. The source or available address of the electronic literature, the date of publication or update/the date of reference (optional)
10. VariousUndefinedType of literature: [Serial number] Main responsible person. Title of literature [Z]Place of publication: Publisher, year of publication
Writing requirements
Announce
edit
How to write a good literature review
(1) Get straight to the point and don't beat around the bush.Avoid telling the historical origin and the process of topic setting research in large length.
(2) Be concise and comprehensive, and highlight the key points.It is not allowed to describe too much what is familiar to peers and what is in textbooksCommonsenseIf it is really necessary to mention the research results and basic principles of others, just mark them in the form of reference quotation.The introduction should be clear in meaning and concise in language when reminding the work and views of this article.
⑶ Reviewing the history should be focused, the content should closely follow the article title, introduce the background around the title, and use a few words to summarize;When suggesting the method to be used, it is not required to write the method, result, or discuss;AlthoughAppropriate referencesThe contents of the past literature should not be listed in long articles, and the foreword should not be written as the historical development of the study;The preface should not be written as a literature review, nor should it repeat the common sense content that is already in textbooks or known to researchers in the field.
⑷ Respect science and seek truth from facts.In the preface, the evaluation of the value of the paper should be appropriate, realistic, and scientific. For the innovation of this paper, it is better not to use "this research is first reported in China", "it fills the domestic gap", "it is very highAcademic value”, "This research has not been reported in China" or "This research is at the leading level at home and abroad" and other inappropriate self-evaluation.
(5) The content of the introduction should not be the same as that of the abstractPolite remarks, such as "lack of talent and shallow learning", "limited level", "please correct", "throw a brick to attract jade";It is better not to discuss the preface in sections, illustrations, lists, and derivation and proof of formulas.
Writing
Announce
edit
meaning
Literature Reading Report, which is called "literature review" in English“survey”、“overview”。It is a synthesis and reflection of research achievements in a certain field based on extensive reading and understanding of the literature in that field.It is generally believed that it is inconceivable that academic papers have not been reviewed."Literature Review" and "BackgroundDescription）”Distinguish.
When we choose to study the problem, we need to understand the background and context of the problem, such as "the development process of China's semiconductor industry", "the policies and problems of foreign governments to develop the semiconductor industry", etc. These contents belong to "background description" and focus on the problems at the practical level, not strictly speaking "literature review"."Literature review" is the collation of academic views and theoretical methods.Secondly, the literature review is critical (Review means "review"), so it is necessary to summarize and review the literature with the critical thinking of the author, not just the "piling up" of academic research in related fields.The main line of the review should be based on the problem, that is, how other scholars view and solve the problem you raised, and whether there are any defects in their methods and theories?If other scholars have perfectly solved the problem you raised, there is no need to repeat the research.
Literature review is a written argument（writtenargument）, which is based on previous studies.Researchers find credible evidence from previous studies, establish their own arguments, and thus push forward a topic.It provides people with an understanding of the existing research topicsknowledge service , provide environmental and background information, and list logical arguments to prove the views on a topic.
Meaning and purpose
Summarize and synthesize the work done by predecessors in this direction, understand the current research level, analyze existing problems, point out possible research problems and development directions, etc., and list numerous references in this direction, which is a considerable wealth for future generations and can guideopening reportAnd thesis writing.
Literature reviewPurpose causeThe nature of research varies.If the purpose of your research is to show the existing knowledge about a research topic, you should do a basic literature review.If your purpose is to reveal a research question so as to conduct in-depth research, then you need to do an advanced literature review.
The basic literature review is to summarize and evaluate the existing knowledge of relevant research topics.Its purpose is to state the state of existing knowledge, which can be used as a research topic（thesis）。
The basic literature review starts with the selection and establishment of research interests or research topics (issues) - this is the study question.With the continuous development of writing, research questions will be narrowed and clarified, becoming a research theme（topic）。The research theme provides specific information for literature reviewpointAnd frames.The literature review must include the discovery of a research topic, the views of the reviewers, and the answers to research questions.Generally speaking, whether it is a course assignment or aMaster's Thesis, will require a basic literature review.
Advanced literature review is more advanced than basic literature review.It should also choose research interests and themes;Then review the relevant literature to establish the research topic.At this time, it will propose further research to establish a research project, which will propose new findings and conclusions.Advanced literature review is the basis for establishing original research issues and exploring a research issue.
In the high-level literature review, the researchers first state the existing knowledge about the research problems.According to the findings, the researchers put forward the research topic, that is, which aspect needs further study.Advanced master's theses and all doctoral theses use advanced literature review as a stepping stone to find unknown fields in research topics.
Although the tasks of basic literature review and advanced literature review are different, their ways of presenting knowledge and putting forward topics are similar and parallel.
primary coverage
(1) The research significance of this field.
(2) The research background and development context of this field.
(3) Current research level, existing problems and possible reasons.
(4) Overview of further research topics and development directions.
(5) My own opinions and feelings.
classification
The review is divided into two categories.One is relatively macro, covering the whole field, specialty or a major research direction;One is more microscopic. This kind of review can involve a relatively small research direction or even an algorithm, and the issues discussed are more specific and in-depth.The former has a high purpose and a wide range,Face width, so it is not easy to go deep, and it is easier to read and understand.This is of great reference value to beginners and readers who want to understand the overall situation.However, if you want to go deep into the research of the subject, you want to have a review of the latter type to open the way for yourself, which will save a lot of time and energy, but it is often not satisfactory, so you have to quote from the outside, and complete the review of the subject by yourself.When writingThesisWhat we want to write is such a review combined with our own research topics.
difficulty
A good literature review is both farsighted and down-to-earth;It is both probing and enlightening.As its name implies, literature review consists of "synthesis" and "narration".The first half of the "synthesis" is not too difficult. It can be done by comprehensive classification, refining and generalization according to a large number of literatures.The second half of the review "statement" and analysis is a "summary" of high qualityDividing lineThis needs to integrate the author's own theoretical level, professional foundation, ability to analyze and solve problems, and put forward his own unique opinions on the basis of reasonable analysis of problems.
Collect skills
Although it is a responsible research attitude to collect data as widely as possible, if there is a lack of standards, it is very easy to lead people into the quagmire of literature.
Tip 1:Targeting the mainstream。Mainstream literature, such as core journals, classic works, research reports of professional departments, important views and discussions in this field, is a literature review“required course”。While most relevant reports or comments on the mass media are somewhat valuable, they can be simplified due to limited time and energy.How to find out the mainstream of this field?It is suggested to start with the following ways: First, the Chinese and foreign academic journals of the library, find one or two "classic" articles, "follow the vine", and pay attention to their references.High qualityAcademic articleGenerally, mainstream and classic literature in this field will not be ignored.The second is to use the school library“China Journal Network”, "Foreign language periodicalsdatabase searching”And foreign languagesBack issuesIn the reading room, we can find some early classical literature.The third is the National Library. Some social science books published in the 1970s and 1980s or even earlier were not collected by the school library, but there are a lot of national libraries (all books published in China should be sent to the National Library). Moreover, the national library also has a lot of foreign books on Chinese politics and government, which can be easily found on the Internet.
Tip 2: Organize at any time, such as classifying and recording documentsLiterature informationAnd the location of the books.I have been working on my doctoral thesis for a long time. Some documents may not be useful when I read them, but I can't find them when I think of them afterwards. So sometimes it is necessary to record them.At the same time, for particularly important documents, it is advisable to make aReading Notes, excerpt the important viewpoints and discussions.In this way, a large number of "dry goods" have been accumulated when writing papers, which can be enjoyed at any time.
Tip 3:Organize literature review according to the problem。After reading some literature, we have a strong desire to state what we see, such as“Pour beans in a bamboo tube"It's magnificent. It seems that we must prove our hard work to the readers. Literature review is like opening up a road in the jungle of literature, which originally points to the problem we want to solve, of courseLinear distanceIt is the shortest and most convenient, but there are a lot of scenery along the way. People who are obsessed with scenery tend to detour in the meandering jungle, instead“The flowers are becoming charming”The "winding road leading to seclusion" ended up in nowhere.Therefore, when doing literature review, we should always be clear headed: what problems I want to solve, how others solve them, and whether they are reasonable.
A review is the result of your review of relevant literature.Any research should be based on the predecessors and follow the academic tradition, rather than being groundless.You need to tell the readers how far the previous studies on this issue have reached, what are the defects, and what aspects should be expanded.On the one hand, it shows respect for previous studies, and on the other hand, it shows the value of your article.Any important achievements related to this article should be reflected in the review and listed in the references.A summary is not an overview. It cannot be quoted and summarized in a general way. It should have sublation, especially criticism.The review is easy to see the author's efforts in this field, because the author needs to read widely to understand the main differences between different papers on key assumptions and models.A good review is an independent article in itself.
Thesis writing mode:
1、 Introduction
Opening paragraph: introduction topic;The importance of the theme;Clarify the primary issues;
Introduce each article (e.g. A.B.) and the author, as well as the differences or complementarities.
2、 Main text (3 demonstrations)
1.1 Analysis A's point of view
1.2 Analysis B's theory/viewpoint
1.3 Compare the theories/opinions of A and B
2.1 Find out the commonness of A and B
2.2 Find out the difference between A and B
2.3 Exploring a central topic
Topic 1: Discuss A&B
Topic 2: Discussion on A&B
Topic 3: Discussion on A&B
3、 Conclusion
1. Put forward a better idea and position than others
2. Put forward a summary that is superior to each theory and position
Relevant points
Announce
edit
1. In order to provide sufficient basis for the topic selection reportMasterAt the beginning of the thesisPrevious workJournals reviewed.
Journals reviewed
2. In literature review, graduate students should systematically consult domestic and foreign literature related to their research direction.Generally, no less than 30 articles should be read, and the literature collection should be objective and comprehensive.
3. In the literature review, graduate students should explain the development history of their research direction, the main research achievements of predecessors, existing problems andDevelopment trendEtc.
4. The literature review should be clear and concise.
5. The application of data is appropriate and reasonable.For referencesquare brackets"[]" is enclosed in the upper right corner of the quotation.
6. Have your own views and opinions in the literature review.The views of the author and the literature should not be confused.Postgraduates are encouraged to find more problems, put forward more questions, and point out possible ways to analyze and solve problems, with strong pertinence.
7. Literature review shall be no less than 3000 words.
Relevant viewpoints
Announce
edit
Although literature review seems simple, it is actually a difficult task.In foreign countries, the macro or systematic literature review is usually done by the top "big cattle" in a field.On existingresearch methodHowever, most of the teachers who teach literature review or the students who study it do not pay enough attention to it.When it comes to doing research on your own, it is really difficult to review.
matters needing attention
Announce
edit
1. The collected literature should be as complete as possible.Mastering a comprehensive and large amount of literature is the prerequisite for writing a good review. Otherwise, it is impossible to write a good review by collecting a little information at random.
2. Pay attention to the representativeness, reliability and scientificity of the cited literature.There may be similar views in the collected literature, and some of the literature has differences in reliability and scientificity. Therefore, attention should be paid to selecting the literature with good representativeness, reliability and scientificity when quoting the literature.
3. The quoted literature should be faithful to the content of the literature.Since the literature review has the author's own comments and analysis, it is necessary to distinguish the author's views and the content of the literature when writing, and not to tamper with the content of the literature.There are not many references.The authors of literature reviews often cite indirect literature.If the review author quotes from the references cited by others, the review author does not know whether these references are appropriate and fallacious when cited by others, so it is better not to indirectly quote the literature.
4. References cannot be omitted.yes , we haveScientific papersThe references can be omitted, but the literature review must not be omitted, and should be the literature that has been quoted in the article, can reflect the overall picture of the subject, and that has been read directly by the author.
5. The summary should not be too long.The editorial department of a magazine generally has a certain number of words for the review.When the author first writes a review, he oftenInattentionThis leads to more empty words and empty words, and the focus is not prominent.Generally, the summary should not exceed 4000 words.The review is not a simple list of documents. The review must have the author's own synthesis and induction.Some reviews just list the literature, which looks like a running book, without the author's own synthesis and analysis, making people feel repeated, incomprehensible, materials and commentsuncoordinated。
6. Some authors seem to regard the introduction of the thesis as a form, an optional part, and write the introduction and the bodyphase separation, just to add a hat to the paper.The common phenomenon is to generally discuss the importance of research, even from the industry involved in technologynational economyThe position ofspeaking script。It is based on the theme of the research, and also from the macro to the micro end, staying in thegeneralityThere are many discussions.Obviously, the result of this is that readers cannot accurately judge the specific value of the "thesis proposition", lack of a summary and introduction of the current research situation, and do not know how the author's research is different from previous research work?Therefore,Scientific papersThe introduction of,GeneralThis paper discusses the current situation of the problems studied.The discussion of the current research situation is not only to check the author's possession and familiarity with the data, but also to judge the significance and value of the research work and the research results from the comprehensive and old degree of the datareliability。
7. Citations are listed, lacking analysis and summary.The introduction should not only reflect the breadth of the background, but also examine the depth of the author's understanding of the research background.Generally, the author does not have a deep understanding of the research issues. When introducing the research status, he often lists a lot of references, lists the different practices and conclusions of different researchers, lacks the analysis and induction of the author, and does not summarize the research results and existing problems. Some even include some documents that have no direct relationship with this research,One sided emphasis on the richness of data possession.Although some people think that different journals have different requirements for the introduction of research status, from the perspective of paper writing, the purpose of the introduction is to explain the meaning of the thesis proposition, notresearch data Although it is convenient for readers to find information.Therefore, the author should use his own language to summarize the current situation of the study, especially the difficulties and shortcomings, so as to lead to the theme of the paper.
... ...We have browsed hundreds of teaching models on the Internet, downloaded more than 200 articles on teaching models, and studied more than 50 articles.To sum up, China'sClassroom teaching modeIt can be divided into three categories:
(1) Traditional teaching mode“Teacher CenterOn ".The main theoretical basis of this kind of teaching mode isBehavioral learning theoryIs the mainstream mode of school teaching in China for a long time.Its advantages are,Its defect is
(2) Modern teaching mode - "student-centered theory".The main theoretical basis of this kind of teaching mode isConstructivist Learning Theory, claiming thatTeaching ideology、instructional design , teaching methods andTeaching managementSince the 1990s, with the application of information technology in teaching, it has developed rapidly.Its advantages are,Its defect is
(3) The teaching mode of complementary advantages - "leading subject theory".This kind of teaching mode is teacher led,Student oriented, concurrentBehaviorismandConstructivist Learning TheoryIt is the sublation of "teacher centered theory" and "student centered theory" to discard their strengths and discard their weaknesses.The teaching mode of "leading subject theory" embodies dialectical materialism epistemology, but there is no effective and operable teaching method and mode in teaching practice.
The traditional primary school mathematics teaching model centered on teachers can be described as "review and introduction - impart new knowledge - summarize and summarize - consolidate exercises - assign homework".This kind of teaching mode undoubtedly fetters the role of students as learning subjects.Today's more advanced primary school mathematics teaching model can be described as "creating a situation,Ask questions——Discuss problems, propose solutions - exchange solutions, solve problems - simulate exercises, use problems - summarize and improve understanding ".This teaching mode strives to attach importance to the leading role of teachers and the main role of students, which is accepted by teachers and applied in teaching practice.But this teaching mode limits students' learning to the classroom,learning styleMathematics is for the sake of mathematics. It does not combine mathematics with life, and does not place students' learning mathematics in a broad space of lifeUse mathematical knowledge to solve problemsThe development of students' ability to creatively solve mathematical problems in life with mathematical knowledge is restricted, which is not conducive to the cultivation of students'creative spiritAnd practical ability.For this reason, we put forward the subject of "Research on 'Problem Exploration Exchange' Primary School Mathematics Teaching Mode".
In the literature review model 1, researchers have a comprehensive and systematic understanding of the situation in relevant research fields, and have madeCriticalAnalysis and comments of.For researchers who are engaged in a certain topic, consulting the literature can help them grasp the development history and current situation of their own research field, the main research achievements, controversial places, the latest direction and trend of research, the fields ignored by the researchers, and suggestions for further research work as a whole.
Literature Review Model 2: Self study of Rural Middle School Studentsmethod study
The above research experience at home and abroad is ourProject researchIt provides valuable experience.
From the literature review model 2, the subject review lists theRepresentativenessExperts and scholars on the self-learning methods and practices, and some of the advantages of the content were outlined.After selecting a large research direction and before determining a specific research topic, it is helpful for researchers to determine the research scope of the topic and better control and grasp the topic through comparison and analysis, according to the feasibility of the research, researchers' interests and abilities, etc.However, the literature review did not provide enough critical analysis and comments on the advantages and disadvantages of the theories and practices held by each expert and scholar, especially the lack of comprehensive refining and analysis of the research status at home and abroad.2、 The literature review should be concise, avoid quoting the original text as much as possible, and make the author's point of view clear in his own languageOriginal literatureGeneral conclusions are drawn in.The purpose of literature review is to point out the research status, problems that should be further solved and future development direction through in-depth analysis of research results, andscientific theoryIn combination with specific research conditions and actual needs, comment on various research results and put forward their own views, opinions and suggestions.It should be pointed out that the literature review is not a simple introduction and listing of previous research achievements, but a scientific research work that systematically summarizes the progress of a certain research field at a certain stage after careful reading by the author, and puts forward his own opinions in combination with the specific situation and actual needs of the local region in China.3、 Literature review is notdatabaseIt is necessary to closely focus on the "problem" of the subject research, ensure that the stated existing research results are directly related to the subject research, and its content is closely organized around the subject, which can not only systematically and comprehensively reflect the history, status and trend of the research object, but also reflect all aspects of the research content.
Review of the research status of this topic at home and abroad:1998 InternationalMental healthThe Association emphasizes "the definition of health..."
The initiator of the mental health campaign is C. Bierce of the United StatesMaslowOfHumanismEmphasize "self realization";Ferrum put forward the "new type theory";Olt put forward the "theory of mature people"
The United States was the first to openPsychological guidanceCountriesDefine "psychological counseling" asSchoolingPart of,frontSoviet UnionThe Ministry of Education issued the "Soviet Union" in 1984Ordinary schoolsRegulations on Psychological Guidance ";Japan also actively introduces psychological counseling from the United States
Mental health education in China started relatively late. In the 1980s, it started in individual regions and schools,The real start of primary and secondary schools was from the early 1990s to the mid-1990s.China Youth Research Center、China Youth Development FoundationA large-scale survey was carried out throughout the country and the results were released on June 7, 1997, which caused a shock to Chinese people, especially the education sector
In 1988, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) issued the "Report on the Reform and Strengthening of Primary and Secondary Schoolsmoral educationNotice of Work ".December 20, 1989United Nations General AssemblyHaving adopted the Convention on the Rights of the ChildIn 1993, the National Education Conference clearly put forward that "guidance on mental health education for students of different ages through various ways..." October 1997State Education CommissionThe Notice on Several Opinions on Actively Promoting the Implementation of Quality Education in Primary and Secondary Schools once again emphasizes the "mental health education" for primary and secondary students.It should be said that from the early 1990s to the middle of the 20th century, mental health education in primary and secondary schools in Shanghai has taken the lead in the country. In 1994, the Shanghai Education Commission issued relevant documents on mental health education in primary and secondary schools, and published relevant textbooks.But they put most of their energy on urban students.Meanwhile, BeijingXicheng District"Heart Education Center" was established,Banyan TreeThe teacher took the lead in doing a lot of work, but still focused on the city students.There are great differences between rural students and urban students in terms of living, learning and other conditions, as well as in the level of mental health. But so far no one has proposed the shaping experience of the ways and methods of psychological education in rural primary and secondary schools.Therefore, the ways and methods of psychological education in rural primary and secondary schools are worth studying.
It can be seen from the model article 3 of literature review that the members of the research group have read a lot of materials.However, there are few reviews on "approaches and methods of mental health education";The analysis of the difference of mental health between rural students and urban students is also rare.The characteristics of "rural areas" are not clear, and the "ways and means" are not new.This will bring trouble to the future research direction and design[1]The summary should be comprehensive, accurate and objective, and the opinions and arguments used for comments should preferably come fromPrimary literatureTry to avoid using others' explanations or summaries of the original literature.(From: Educational Science Research, June 2004, original text: "Basic requirements for writing literature review", author: Wang Junfang)
