Wenyuan Pavilion sits in the north and faces the south. In terms of building regulations, building functions and concepts, it follows the example of Fan's in Ningbo, ZhejiangTianyi Pavilion。Wenyuan Pavilion adopts the construction method of "bright two and dark three", that is, it looks like double eaves on two floors, but actually the whole pavilion has three floors: upper, middle and lower.Wenyuan Pavilion is 33 meters wide and 14 meters deep,[3]6 rooms wide.Black glazed tile top, green glazed tile trim.A pool is chiseled in front of the pavilion.[2]The architectural decoration and painting of Wenyuan Pavilion are mainly cold colors,[4]Its architectural structure reflects the high skill and level of engineering design and construction art of court buildings in the Qing Dynasty, which has certain historical value for studying the book collection culture and architectural history of China in the Qing Dynasty.[5]
In the 39th year of Qianlong's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1774), Emperor Qianlong issued an edict to regulate the proper location behind the Wenhua Hall and create the Wenyuan Pavilion, which was used to store the Four Treasury Complete Books.
In the fortieth year of Qianlong's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1775), the Wenyuan Pavilion was officially started.
In the 41st year of Qianlong's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1776), the Wenyuan Pavilion was built and named Wenyuan Pavilion by the Emperor Qianlong.
In December of the 46th year of the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty (1782), the first Siku Quanshu was written and entered the Tibetan Wenyuan Pavilion.[2]
Wenyuan Pavilion
On October 10, the 14th year of the Republic of China (1925), the Palace Museum was established to take over the collection of books in Wenyuan Pavilion.[5]
In the spring of the 22nd year of the Republic of China (1933), the Japanese invaders invadedJehol ，PeipingThe situation in Beijing is critical.The Palace Museum moved Wenyuan Pavilion's Siku Quanshu, together with other historical relics, to the south and shipped them to Shanghai.
After September of the 37th year of the Republic of China (1948), the Nanjing National Government was preparing to flee to Taiwan. A total of 1680 boxes of Wenyuan Pavilion's Siku Quanshu were shipped to Taiwan with other cultural relics in the Palace Museum, and are now in collectionTaipei Palace Museum。[1][7]
On April 30, 2013, Wenyuan Pavilion was opened. Tourists cannot enter the interior, but can visit outside the hall.[4]
Wenyuan Pavilion sits in the north and faces the south. In terms of building regulations, building functions and concepts, it follows the example of Fan's in Ningbo, ZhejiangTianyi PavilionHowever, there are many similarities and differences in the actual situation.Tianyi Pavilion has two floors above and below, while Wenyuan Pavilion adopts the construction method of "light two floors and dark three floors", that is, the exterior looks like two floors with double eaves, but in fact, the waist space under the upper floor slab is used to create an extra interlayer in the dark. The whole pavilion has three floors: upper, middle and lower.Wenyuan Pavilion is 33 meters wide and 14 meters deep,[3]There are 6 rooms wide, and stairs are set at the west end to connect up and down.The two gable walls are built with green bricks to the roof, which is simple and elegant.The black glazed tile roof and the green glazed tile trimming symbolize the black main water, which is used to press water and fire to keep the library safe.The front porch of the pavilion is equipped with a moire railing, upside down lintels under the eaves, green eaves columns, and Soviet style color paintings, which have a garden architectural style.In front of the pavilion, a pool was chiseled to divert Jinshui River. A stone bridge was built on the pool. The stone bridge and the fence around the pool were carved with patterns of aquatic animals.The lake stones behind the pavilion are piled up into a mountain, which looks like a barrier and is planted with pines and cypresses.There is a stele pavilion on the east side of the pavilion, with yellow glazed tiles on the top of the helmet, which has a unique shape.Inside the pavilion stands a stone tablet, with the front engraved with the "Records of Wenyuan Pavilion" written by Emperor Qianlong, and the back engraved with the imperial poems of Wenyuan Pavilion for banquet.[2]
The architectural decoration and painting of Wenyuan Pavilion are mainly cold colors, and the furnishings are restored to the state of Qianlong period.[4]On the first floor, the emperor's throne is set in the middle, which is the place for the lecture banquet.The three rooms on the second floor are connected to the first floor, with floor slabs and bookshelves around.The second floor is a dark layer with extremely weak light, and can only collect books.On the third floor, except for the staircase at the west end, the other five rooms are connected. Each room is separated by bookshelves according to the front and rear columns, which is spacious and bright.In the Ming Dynasty, there was a royal couch for the emperor to visit at any time.[2]
Wenyuan Pavilion
Cultural relics
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Blue jade dragon button
Green jade Jiaolong button, Wenyuan Pavilion treasure, green jade, square seal of Jiaolong button, seal script;The face is 12.7cm square, the overall height is 9.5cm, and the new height is 4.9cm;Attach yellow ribbon.
When the first volume of Siku Quanshu was completed, Emperor Qianlong ordered that from April 4, each volume should use two imperial treasures.The former said "the treasure of Wenyuan Pavilion", and the latter said "the treasure of Qianlong imperial palace".It indicates that this treasure is a special seal stamped on the Sikuquanshu of Wenyuan Pavilion.[8]
Blue jade dragon button
Imperial Si Ku Wen Ge Shi Mo
Imperial Siku Wenge Poetry Ink, with 5 spindles of ink, has different shapes.The central spindle is a round twelve Chen ink, with a diameter of 7.6 cm and a thickness of 1.6 cm.In the center of the front is painted a gold circle with a dragon pattern inside, which is decorated with the word "Imperial" in the central seal script. Twelve local branch names are written in regular script one week outside the circle, and seven character poems written in regular script by Emperor Qianlong are written in the outer ring.The back is carved with twelve Chinese zodiac animals.
The upper spindle is a chime shaped ink, 15.6cm long, 4.9cm wide and 1.9cm thick.On the obverse, the regular script inscribed the poems of Wenyuan Pavilion.The back is engraved with the picture of Wenyuan Pavilion.The inscription on the right side is "Wen Yuan Ge Mo".
The left spindle is a rectangular cloud shaped ink, 13.8 cm long, 6.2 cm wide and 1.9 cm thick.On the obverse, the regular script inscribed the poems of Wenjin Pavilion.The back is engraved with the picture of Wenjin Pavilion."Wenjin Pavilion Ink" is written in regular script on the right side.
The right ingot is a cow tongue shaped ink, 13 cm long, 5.8 cm wide and 1.9 cm thick.The official script on the front is inscribed with the poems of Wenyuan Pavilion.The back is engraved with the picture of Wenyuan Pavilion."Wenyuan Pavilion Ink" is written in regular script on the right side.
The lower spindle is a fan shaped ink, 15 cm long, 4.9 cm wide and 1.9 cm thick.On the front side, regular script is used to write poems with imperial inscription.The back is engraved with the picture of Wenshuige.The inscription on the right side is "Wen Shu Ge Mo".
The imperial inscription on the front of the last four inks is followed by the words "minister Peng Yuanrui pays homage to the letter", and on the left side of the inks is the six character inscription "made in the year of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty".This set of black ink is exquisite in quality. The front imperial inscriptions are in gold script, and the back of the carved pavilions and towers has clear lines.The "four pavilions" mentioned in the ink, namely the storage place of the four libraries of complete books, are respectively Wenyuan Pavilion in the Forbidden City, Wenjin Pavilion in Rehe, Wenyuan Pavilion in the Old Summer Palace, and Wensu Pavilion in Shenyang.[9]
Imperial Si Ku Wen Ge Shi Mo
Institutional setup
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After Wenyuan Pavilion collected the Complete Library of Four Secretaries, it set up positions to lead, promote, direct, proofread, review and other management work.The General Manager shall be responsible for the affairs of the leading cabinet;To directly manage general affairs, and supervise the internal affairs officials under their jurisdiction to engage in guard, receiving and dispatching, cleaning and other miscellaneous affairs;The staff of the Zhige Office, the proofreader and the reviewer take turns to work in the Zhige Office every day to check and review books.[10]
Historical culture
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Complete Library of Four Branches of Books
Wenyuan Pavilion
The Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty issued an edict to search for posthumous notes at the beginning of his accession to the throne, and ordered Confucian officials to collate classics such as the Thirteen Classics.In the 37th year of Qianlong's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1772), Emperor Qianlong officially approved the Grand MasterLiu TongxunThey agreed to edit the articles of association of Yongle Grand Ceremony and ordered that when it was compiled in the future《Complete Library of Four Branches of Books》。Then,Ji Xiaolan、Lu Xixiong、Sun ShiyiThree people were appointed as chief editors, and several people were selected from the Imperial Academy to form the compilation team of Siku Quanshu - Siku Hall.
In the spring of the 47th year of Qianlong's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1782), the first Siku Quanshu was compiled and transcribed.The book has a total of 3461 kinds, 79309 volumes and 36381 volumes, which are divided into four parts: classics, history, children and collections, and stored in Wenyuan Pavilion.Seven volumes have been copied from Siku Quanshu (collected separately inNorth Four Pavilions: Wenyuan PavilionWenyuan Pavilion、Wenjin Pavilion、Wensu Pavilion；South Three Pavilions:Wenzong Pavilion、Wenhui Pavilion、Wenlan Pavilion）The Sikuquanshu of Wenyuan Pavilion is the first of the seven books to be copied, and the transcription, collation and decoration are also the best.[7]
Wen Yuange's Complete Library of Four Books has spent more than 130 years in the Forbidden City since it was compiled.After the demise of the Qing Dynasty, the Siku Quanshu, which was placed in the Wenyuan Pavilion of the Forbidden City, began the life of separation between the bookstores and the pavilions.
According to the book "Overview of the Library of the Peiping Palace Museum" compiled in the 21st year of the Republic of China (1932), "In October of the 19th year, Wenyuan Pavilion's Siku Quanshu was checked item by item in accordance with the general items of Siku until November. In the past years, there had been some defects, which were supplemented by the Qing Internal Affairs Office based on the Wenjin Pavilion version, including one kind of classics department, seven kinds of sub departments, and one kind of centralized department. In addition, there was no shortage."
In August of the 25th year of the Republic of China (1936), the Nanjing Chaotian Palace Cultural Relics Warehouse was completed, and the cultural relics such as the Sikuquanshu transported to Shanghai were transferred to the new warehouse in Nanjing for storage.
In the 27th year of the Republic of China (1938), the collection of books moved westward to Guiyang.
In the 28th year of the Republic of China (1939), the books were moved to Anshun County, west of Guiyang, and stored in Huayan Cave outside the south gate.
After September of the 37th year of the Republic of China (1948), Wenyuan Pavilion's Siku Quanshu was shipped to Taiwan and is now stored in the Palace Museum in Taipei.[7]
Library Culture
In terms of book collection, Wenyuan Pavilion has also specially madenanmuLetters: each volume of books is placed in a letter, lined with plywood and tied with ribbons. One end of the letter can be opened or closed. On the side of the letter, the name of the whole book, the serial number of the letter, the department to which the book belongs, and the specific title of the book are engraved in regular script, and decorated with the same color as the department to which the book belongs and the cover of the book.After the books are loaded with letters, they are put into the specially made bookshelves in the order of categories and placed in the pavilion.There are 20 books of the book of planning classics, each with 48 letters, and 960 letters, which are stored on both sides of the lower layer;There are 33 historical books, each with 48 letters, and 1584 letters, hidden in the middle dark layer;There are 22 sub books, each with 72 letters. 1584 letters are placed in the middle of the upper layer;There are 28 books, each containing 72 letters. The 2016 letters are placed on both sides of the upper floor.A total of 103, 6144 letters and 36000 volumes.In order to facilitate searching and reading, we also drew a "Four Library Whole Book Shelving Map", which was placed together. When necessary, we should follow the map and take books from the shelves.
Cultural relic value
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Wenyuan Pavilion is the largest imperial library of the Qing Dynasty in the Forbidden City in Beijing. It is modeled after Fan's in Ningbo, ZhejiangTianyi PavilionIt is the essence of Chinese ancient Han palace architecture, reflecting the high skill and level of Qing Dynasty palace architecture in engineering design and construction art, and has certain historical value for the study of Chinese Qing Dynasty book collection culture and architectural history.[5]
Wenyuan Pavilion is located at No. 4, Jingshanqian Street, Dongcheng District, BeijingBeijing Palace MuseumInside Donghua GateWenhua HallAfter.[1]
Wenyuan Pavilion
Opening Hours
1. Peak season (April 1~October 31): 08:30~17:00;Stop selling tickets at 16:00;Stop admission time: 16:10.
2. Off season (November 1~March 31): 08:30~16:30;Stop selling tickets at 15:30;Stop time: 15:40.
Except for legal holidays and summer holidays (from July 1 to August 31), the hall will be closed on Monday afternoon throughout the year.The opening time is 08:30~12:00 every Monday, the closing time is 11:00, the closing time is 11:10, and the closing time is 12:00.
Due to the limited space in the pavilion, based on the consideration of cultural relics protection and audience safety, tourists cannot enter the interior and can visit outside the pavilion.[4]
Ticket Price
Peak season (April 1~October 31): 60.00 yuan (Palace Museum package ticket);Off season (November 1 to March 31): 40.00 yuan (Palace Museum package ticket).
Traffic information
Meridian Gate: The south gate of the Palace Museum has only been used as the entrance for visitors since July 2, 2011.
Vehicles stopping at the east of Tiananmen Gate: 1, 120, 2, 52, 82, Night 1, Sightseeing Line 1, Sightseeing Line 2 buses and Metro Line 1.
Vehicles stopping in the west of Tiananmen Square: buses on Line 1, 5, 52, Night 1, Sightseeing Line 1, Sightseeing Line 2 and Metro Line 1.[11]
