The literati garden originated fromPre QinThe "enclosure" and "platform" for emperors to hunt and communicate with gods in the Han Dynasty.In the Wei, Jin, and Southern and Northern Dynasties, Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism, and metaphysics contended and expounded on each other.
Chinese name
Literati garden
Origin
Pre Qin
Nature
Gardens improve and sublimate the color of the upper literati
Chinese classical gardens originated fromPre Qin、Han DynastyThe "enclosure" of imperial hunting and the "platform" of god communication.here we areWei、Jin、Southern and Northern Dynasties，Confucianism、Avenue、Buddhism、XuanVarious schools contend and explain each other.The emancipation of the mind has promoted the development of the art field, and also has a great impact on gardens. Garden building activities are gradually popularized among the people and sublimated to the realm of artistic creation.This period is a turning point in the history of the development of Chinese classical gardens.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, due to social unrest, negative and pessimistic mood prevailed.It is deeply felt that "the vast Yin and Yang shift, life is like morning dew, life is like sending, life is not solid".
Therefore, the idea of instant gratification grew. Even a great statesman like Cao Cao could not help sighing with emotion of "singing about wine, life geometry, such as morning dew, and going to Japan is more difficult".In the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the open and secret struggles between the gentry groups became increasingly fierce, and the means of struggle were either generous rewards or cruel killings.So negative emotions and the idea of instant gratification have developed and led to two extreme tendencies in action: greed and luxury, cynicism.
A considerable number of scholars, officials and intellectuals“Celebrities”, such as“The Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove”They rebelled against the shackles of ethical codes and sought the liberation of personality with a dissolute and cynical attitude.Their actions include drinking, taking food, being arrogant, advocating seclusion and loving landscapes, which is also called“Romance in the Wei and Jin Dynasties”。Under the trend of the times, the romantic atmosphere of sightseeing has gradually formed in the society.
Early landscape poems and essays also emerged in large numbers in the literary world.Since it has become a social trend to love mountains and rivers and to be elegant in nature, the most ideal way to avoid the hardships of trekking, ensure the enjoyment of material life, and be able to occupy the landscape of nature for a long time is to create the "second nature" - gardens.As a result, landscape gardens and scenic spots have flourished.
Among them, especially the gardens operated by scholars and celebrities, which grew up and flourished because of the direct inspiration of the trend of thought of the times, were relatively common, and were the mainstream of gardening activities at that time.At that time, the literati gardens were generally small and refined, and the gardening technique was a transition from simple realism to the combination of realism and freehand brushwork. Gardens, landscape paintings, landscape poetry and prose inspired and developed each other, which was the result of the infiltration of Laozi and Zhuangzi philosophy, Buddhism and Taoism essence, Six Dynasties style, and poetry and prose taste. It won social appreciation and opened the precedent of literati gardens in later generations.
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Tang dynastyLandscape literature is flourishing.Scholars often write poems and essays about mountains and waters, and they must have certain ability and level in appreciating mountains and waters.Many famous literati hold local official posts, out of yearning for local landscapes, and use their power to make contributions to the development of landscapes.These literati, born in bureaucrats, not only participated in the development of landscapes, greening and beautification of the environment, but also participated in building their own private gardens.
By virtue of their deep understanding of natural scenery and high appreciation of natural beauty, they manage gardens, and at the same time integrate their experience of life philosophy and the ups and downs of the official sea into the gardening art.The literati garden of literati bureaucrats has a clear and elegant style, which can be further improved, sublimated, and attached to a layer of literati color, which leads to the emergence of "literati garden". The literati garden is a scholar garden that focuses more on the pursuit of ideals, cultivates temperament, and expresses seclusion.By extension, it refers not only to the gardens managed or owned by the literati, but also to the gardens that are "literati like" because of the literati's interest.
