Setting out is for the convenience of workers and for the construction in strict accordance with the design drawings.Generally speaking, all building axes can be called big lines, and the corresponding small lines are the side lines and dimension lines of structural components.The main idea of setting out is to copy the size of the design drawing to the ground according to the size shown in the drawing. Whether the size of the whole project is constructed according to the size of the design drawing depends on setting out.
According to the material, there are two kinds of aluminum wheel and MC nylon wheel, and the style is divided into tube type and plate type.Purpose of large diameter paying off pulley: used to lead single conductor, double bundle conductor and quad bundle conductor (cast steel wheel or nylon wheel can be used for intermediate wheel) Features: suitableTension paying off。
Ground wire paying off tackle: suitable for extending the lightning wire or crossing the steel strand, which can be made of steel or MC nylon.Optical cable pulley:
1) Used for laying OPGW composite ground cable or ADSSSelf supporting optical cableThe bottom of the wheel groove is equipped with a small groove, which is specially made for protecting the optical cable;
(2) The wheel is made of MC nylon material, which will not damage the outer skin of the optical cable during paying off;Model: CH-15;Rated load (KN): 40;Wheel outer diameter (mm): 660;Wheel bottom diameter (mm): 546;Wheel width (mm): 90;Applicable optical cable (mm): Φ 5 - Φ 14.05;Dead weight (kg): 30;Model: CH-18;Rated load (KN): 50;Wheel outer diameter (mm): 830;Wheel bottom diameter (mm): 698;Wheel width (mm): 110;Applicable optical cable (mm): Φ 15.08 - Φ 22;Dead weight (kg): 37;
Setting out method
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There are many setting out methods for on-site operation of construction setting out;Generally, there are two methods: measuring and setting out with a gantry plate positioning ruler and measuring and setting out with an instrument. The former is based on the control points known on the drawings or determined on the site, piling and erecting the gantry plate at a certain distance around the building foundation to be set out, drawing an approximate straight angle line with the construction line on the gantry plate, and trying to tighten the line, and then using the Pythagorean theorem to use a steel ruler to fit the ruler, with a larger size,Generally 6, 8, and 10 m, this is more accurate. First, measure the size on the two control lines and set out the point with a red pencil, then two people pull the ruler. One person can swing to stabilize the size of any line and the steel ruler. Then fix the construction line on the gantry plate and use the steel ruler to check again from the beginning. After confirmation, hang lines around and check with the steel ruler. Measure the setting out point with the steel ruler according to the axis size on the drawing,The plumb is vertical to the ground, so that the excavation line can be released with lime powder, and the control elevation can be measured and set out on the gantry plate with a level gauge.
If theodolite or total station can be used for the latter, it is much easier. As long as the control points known in the drawing or determined on site, the distance and angle relationship on the drawing can be measured to determine the specific position of the axis[1]。
Site setting out
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The purpose of setting out on site is to facilitate workers' work and to construct in strict accordance with the design drawings.Generally speaking, all building axes can be called big lines, and the corresponding small lines are the side lines and dimension lines of structural components.The main idea of setting out is to copy the size of the design drawing to the ground according to the size shown in the drawing. Whether the size of the whole project is constructed according to the size of the design drawing depends on setting out.In addition, setting out is to provide a dimension basis for all construction. The steel bar workers shall bind the steel bar based on the line and locate the position. The carpentry formwork shall also be based on the line, and the bricklayer shall also be based on the line. It is not allowed to randomly bind, support or build without dimension constraints.
Setting out is very important for high-rise buildings. If the axis of each floor is not in a vertical plane, then the traditional buildings will not be square.
Construction setting out
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Building positioning
yesHousing construction worksFor the first setting out after the commencement, the building positioning participants are: the urban planning department (the subordinate surveying team) and the surveying personnel of the construction unit (professional), who conduct positioning according to the building planning positioning map, and finally form (at least) 4 positioning piles on the construction site.The setting out tool is "Total Station" or "Advanced Theodolite".
Foundation construction setting out
After the building locating piles are set, the professional surveying personnel of the construction company, the person in charge of the construction site and the supervisor shall jointly set out and survey the foundation works (the supervisor mainly supervises and verifies on the side), and finally set out the locating piles of all building axes (setting out can also be done at intervals of axes according to the size of the building),All axis positioning piles are based on the positioning piles (at least 4) of the planning department and the ground floor of the buildingConstruction planSetting out.The setting out tool is "theodolite".
After the foundation positioning and setting out is completed, the surveyors and constructors on the construction site shall set out the sidelines of the foundation according to the positioning axis and carry out foundation excavation.Setting out tools: theodolite, gantry plate, line rope, line pendant, steel tape, etc.There may be no surveyors for small projects, just the construction workers setting out.
Note: The foundation axis positioning pile must be led to the permanent buildings or fixtures around the proposed building while the foundation setting out, to prevent the axis positioning pile from being damaged for remedy.
Main construction setting out
After the construction of the foundation works, the first and second floors of the main body will followUntil the construction and setting out of the main body capping, setting out tools: theodolite, wire pendant, wire rope, ink fountain, steel tape, etc.The construction setting out shall be carried out according to the axis positioning pile and the external axis datum line.Use a theodolite to hit the axis on the building, pop up the axis on the construction layer of the building, and then set out the column, wall and other sidelines according to the axis, and so on for each layer until the main body is capped[1]。
