Radioisotope thermal motor

A generator using radioactive decay to obtain energy

This entry is made by Compilation and application of scientific encyclopedia entries of "Science Popularization China" to examine.

Radioisotope thermal motor (Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (RTG, RITEG) is a kind of Radioactive decay Energetic alternator 。 This device uses Thermocouple array (applied seebeck effect ）It receives the heat released by some suitable radioactive materials during decay and converts it into electrical energy.

This thermal motor can also be considered as a Battery Is installed as an energy source Artificial satellite 、 Space probe And unmanned remote control equipment, such as Soviet Union Built on polar region Of lighthouse Similarly, in some places where no one or no one can maintain, the time needed to supply less than 100 watts of power is fuel cell 、 Battery pack 、 alternator Supply fails Solar cell When this place cannot work, radioisotope thermal motor is an ideal energy source.

Chinese name: Radioisotope thermal motor

Foreign name: Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator
Abbreviations: RTG

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Nuclear battery

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Atomic energy battery (also known as Nuclear battery Tritium battery or radioisotope power generation device radioactivity isotope decay A device that generates electricity from the energy generated by the. This can be misinterpreted as nuclear reactor But in fact, this kind of battery is not used chain reaction To generate energy. Compared with ordinary nuclear batteries Battery It has a long life and its output energy is much higher than that of ordinary chemical batteries. Unfortunately, its production cost is also relatively high, which makes this kind of battery mostly used on some instruments that need long operation and are difficult to replace batteries.^[1]

Ray cell

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Ray cell It is a kind of radial Convert to electric current Device. And other uses nuclear reaction The way of exothermic power generation is different, and there is no temperature conversion during the power generation of the ray battery. Its principle is to make semiconductor produce Electronics hole 。

The X-ray battery was initially used for remote control and long-term use equipment, such as those requiring power supply for 10 to 20 years Space vehicle On. The latest development envisages making ray cells into continuous trickle cells for civil equipment, such as Mobile phone and Notebook computer 。 As early as 1973, it was suggested to apply it to Rhythm regulator This kind of long-term medical equipment.

Although the radiation battery uses radioactive materials as power supply, compared with other releases Gamma ray Dangerous radioactive substances Beta particle They are low energy and can be easily shielded. In the perfect equipment (with complete protective measures), the radiation battery will not release dangerous radiation. But of course, once the sealed substance inside leaks, it will increase the health risk, just like other batteries that cause serious harm to the environment and human body after leakage.^[2]

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