Frictional unemployment

Macroeconomic terms

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Frictional unemployment refers to unemployment caused by technical reasons, that is, due to economic adjustment or resource allocation Disproportion For other reasons, some people need to transfer in different jobs, and some people are waiting for job transfer, resulting in unemployment.

Chinese name: Frictional unemployment
Foreign name: frictional unemployment

Cause: Unemployment due to seasonal or technical reasons
Features: Large number of employees in the industry, short unemployment period
Field: Macroeconomics

catalog

▪ employment guidance

meaning

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Frictional unemployment

Frictional unemployment refers to the unemployment caused by the time consumption between workers wanting to work and getting a job.

In practice labor market On, unemployment rate Always around Natural unemployment rate One of the reasons is that it takes time for workers to find the best job for themselves. Unemployment caused by the process of matching workers with work is Frictional unemployment (Financial Unemployment), which is due to economical operation Changes in various factors and labor market Functional defect Temporary unemployment caused. The economy is always changing. It takes time for workers to find jobs that best suit their hobbies and skills. A certain amount of frictional unemployment is inevitable.

present situation

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obtain employment

From China labour market From the perspective of supply and demand, the contradiction reflected mainly lies in that job seekers cannot find suitable positions according to their own wishes, and employers sometimes find it difficult to find talents with certain special skills and qualities. The most outstanding performance in China is, on the one hand University graduates On the other hand, some regions of China are facing serious problems“ Shortage of skilled workers ”。 From recent development trend analysis , along with the workers self-consciousness And their awareness of safeguarding their rights Employer Employment management social security 、 working conditions , salary and remuneration, but the progress of employers in these areas is relatively slow and can not meet the requirements of job seekers.

On August 18, 2009, Department of College Students, Ministry of Education Deputy Director Zhang Haoming Accepted on Chinese government website According to the online interview, as of July 1, 2009, the Ministry of Education counted Chinese college graduates rate of employment 68%, basically the same as the same period in 2008. On the same day, Director of the Employment Promotion Department of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security Yu Faming He said that the main contradiction of employment in China is still the long-standing contradiction of labor supply exceeding demand. For college graduates, the structure is more prominent, and college graduates show more frictional unemployment in the process of job hunting.

Yu Faming said: "Some of the majors learned in the school are not in line with the market, and in this case, most of them are frictional unemployment. Modern society advocates that the best way to find employment for college graduates is Professional counterparts , but some majors, right Upper mouth You can't hold on to it. Frictional unemployment Market economy countries It is very normal. The country officially launched the "Three Year Plan" in 2009 Million internship plan ’It means that it will take three years to recruit one million graduates who have not been employed since they left the university, so that they can be recruited if they have no social experience and work experience Internship post Come up. The probationary period is generally 6 months, with a maximum of 12 months. During the probationary period, the local government and the probationary unit provide basic Subsidy , and handle Personal accident insurance 。”

reason

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labour market The dynamic property, imperfect information and current economic system Impact.

Frictional unemployment is caused by economic system Caused by the dynamic structure. In this case economic phenomena Medium due to industrial structure With the constant changes in such aspects as the disappearance of the original jobs and the continuous production of new jobs, the workers need time to exchange jobs, so the corresponding temporary unemployment, namely frictional unemployment, arises. Its scale depends on the structural difficulties encountered by the unemployed workers and their job search. This kind of structural difficulty mainly refers to the lack of information on employment opportunities, the lack of employment knowledge, and the lack of necessary conditions for rapid movement precondition 。 Frictional unemployment is also related to workers' freedom to find new jobs and change jobs at will. In the free economy, frictional unemployment is a kind of regular unemployment, not cyclical. The main way to reduce frictional unemployment is to increase labor mobility and provide more information about employment opportunities.

Main impacts

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No work means no social connection with colleagues, lack of life purpose, lack of self-esteem, mental stress and disease, and of course, no ability to pay and purchase necessity And luxury goods. The latter is particularly serious for those with family obligations, debts and medical expenses, health insurance Only when there is work.

Pressure caused by unemployment, often Family Violence And discord Fuse Unemployed people lose self-esteem and sense of achievement; When family members lose respect and patience, violence can easily go out of control and cause serious problems. M. Dr. Harvey Brenner pointed out that unemployment rate Increase will make crime rate And suicide rate increase, and easy to deteriorate health.

terms of settlement

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proposal

First, encourage international market The product innovation of Labor cost On the premise of Develop international market ； Secondly, vigorously develop domestic market Requirements, solving income distribution If the government uses economic levers Solving these problems will undoubtedly greatly improve people's purchasing power Horizontal so that expand domestic demand Promote production and expand employment;

At the same time, it is suggested that the government should adopt positive policies to further promote entrepreneurship, and create an excellent social environment And provide more favorable conditions for entrepreneurs; last, Monopoly industry We should open up as soon as possible and strengthen competition to promote economic development. In the long run, we can achieve the goal of promoting employment—— School of Labor and Personnel, Renmin University of China professor Yao Yuqun

employment guidance

Guidance should focus on providing accurate and sufficient information and Job search skills At the same time, guide job seekers to reasonably determine“ Retained wages ”It is very necessary. according to Job Search Theory , a job seeker is searching working process You may find that the following approach is most beneficial to you: save several job opportunities in your hands first, and then choose the best one to accept. But job seekers, especially those in Skill level People at the bottom of the ladder are not always allowed to enjoy this luxury.

In addition, according to Yu Faming Introduction, the country's response to family difficulties and Employment difficulties Of college graduates Employment assistance , college graduates can go to the government owned Public Employment Service ask for help. If you are Urban household registration , then go to the corresponding street or community Labor security Basic level platform registration; If you are Rural Household Registration , then to Domicile location Public employment service agencies at or above the county level shall register. If they meet the conditions, they will provide "one-on-one" employment assistance, such as preferential recommendation for internships, key recommendation and help to employers self-employed Etc. If employment is not available, it will be developed by the government Public welfare posts Resettlement and implementation Social insurance subsidies And public welfare post subsidies.

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