Rock

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Rock and Roll is a kind of Music type , which originated in the late 1940s U.S.A , which became popular in the early 1950s and quickly swept the world. Rock music With its flexible and bold form of expression and passionate rhythm of music Expressing emotions was loved by most people all over the world, and became a craze in 1960 and 1970.

Chinese name: Rock
Foreign name: Rock and Roll / Rock'n'Roll
Basic definitions: one kind pop music style
Related bands: The Beatles 、 Led Zepplin 、 Nirvana 、 Guns N' Roses 、 Eagles 、 Pink Floyd 、 Queen 、 AC/DC band 、 Beyond

Related singers: Elvis Presley 、 Cui Jian 、 John Lennon 、 Huang Jiaju
Category: 158 categories in total
Time of origin: 1940s to 1950s
Region of origin: U.S.A

catalog

▪ Punk
▪ blues
▪ Britpop
▪ Celtic Rock
▪ Mountain rock
▪ Art Rock
▪ Emo

Origin of name

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Rock

Since the 1950s, people have known a new kind of pop music The rhythm of each beat of this music is very strong, and the lyrics are also very fresh, which has conquered the hearts of many Americans. 1951, USA Cleveland When the radio station first played such music, in order to make the audience feel fresh, a person named Alan Freed When the announcer of. In 1955, a man named Bill Haley 's star sang and recorded a piece called Rock Around the Clock ）The record of ", which caused a great sensation, sold more than 15 million copies before and after, becoming one of the best-selling records in the world, and hence the name of rock music.".

What is rock

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Live performance of rock singer

Since the emergence of the definition of rock and roll, a generation of rock and roll giants have also entered the market phenomenally. The first rock hit in history, a white American musician Bill Haley Rock, recorded in the mid-1950s Around the Clock ）, with the crazy influence of the film of the same name on the youth group, it quickly swept across the United States. So a group of people wore stiff suits, ties and combed hair Oiliness The rock singers who danced wildly around the band lit up the streets of the United States. In the early stage of rock and roll restoration, jazz blues as well as country music Although the performers are different, the main role of rock music is to make people follow it rhythm of music Dancing is very entertaining, and some lyrics need not be so rich continuity , for fun.

Live performance of rock singer

The most difficult thing in the world is to define something, because it needs accurate and concise description. The easiest thing in the world is to define something, because you can give a concept in your own way of understanding and degree of understanding. So long ago, in the traditional consciousness of Chinese people, a long hair plus leather jacket It's rock and roll. Then some people think that rock is on the guitar SOLO ， Beth Upper bass, Drum kit Rhythm on. Some people say that rock and roll is a kind of spirit, but others say that these are wrong. Here are some Music review Definition given by:

Greil Marcus Is a well-known rock and roll masterpiece《 Mysterious Train 》The author of American Culture ”, such as Elvis Presley It is nothing more than "dramatizing the feeling of being an American, and vividly expressing the meaning, value and advantages and disadvantages of American life".

Carl Belz regarded rock and roll as“ Folk art ”, one Subconscious Slang Expression 。

Charlie Lecter called rock and roll "the voice of the city" and thought it was a new music cry created by urban teenagers.

Jonathan Eisen, in the Rock and Roll Age, called rock and roll "rebellion against the hypocrisy of western culture is a profound form of subversion".

In Dave Huck's "Value for Money", Marxist class struggle The theory analyzes rock and roll, and thinks it is "working-class culture"; Paul Johnson regards rock and roll as bourgeois class Its purpose is to recruit potential revolutionaries and make them "indulged in it, insensitive, lazy and divorced from reality".

Black American musicians Chuck Berry The definition of rock music is given by his work, which is also a work "Johnny B Good" at the beginning of the birth of rock music in the 1950s. It tells the story of a young man who plays guitar and becomes successful. It adds a very attractive aura to rock music by narrative method. Rock music can make an ordinary person become successful and brilliant. This ordinary person can have nothing Musical Knowledge He doesn't know music, as long as he has ideals, as long as he bravely sings what he thinks in his heart, as long as he is willing. In addition, it is worth mentioning that Aliens This song is also used as human civilization The essence of the human civilization is recorded on a CD to express the achievements of human civilization on earth.

Historical evolution

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beginning

Elvis Presley, a world rock star

In fact, as early as the early 1930s, there was a song called Rock&Roll , but there was no such music name at that time. This term is most recognized as DJ - Alan Freed In 1951, he first used the name "rock concert" in his radio program. It is said that New York still reveres him as the king of rock music today. And Bill Haley and his Comet Orchestra, His Comets, stayed on the charts for eight weeks in 55 years with the song Rock Around The Clock. With the help of this song, Rock became known to the world, So Some people called it Rock Era in 1955, and Bill Haley Also got the nickname of the father of rock and roll.

The music sources of early rock and roll are very wide, mainly including Bruce 、 R&B , and country music , others Gospel music , traditional pop music, jazz, and folk music 。 All these influences together constitute a simple song structure based on blues, which is fast, suitable for dancing, and easy to remember. The first group of rock stars Chuck Berry, Elvis Presley, Little Richard , Jerry Lee Lewis,Buddy Holly, Bo Diddley ,Bill Haley, Gene Vincent , the Everly Brothers,Carl Perkins， There are many other stars who have established the rock music model and have been followed by people for the next 40 years.

In every decade, there are always many artists copying the music of the first batch of rock musicians, while the remaining artists, some of whom have expanded the original definition of rock, and some have completely broken the limited model of this genre. From British invasion, folk rock Psychedelic rock , then Hard rock 、 heavy metal 、 Gorgeous Rock , then Punk In fact, each branch of rock and roll is loyal to the most basic structure of rock and roll at the beginning of its production. But once such changes occur, the traditional rock and roll will gradually disappear from the popular list. Of course, there are also some artists who always maintain their brilliance.

There are some bands, such as the Rolling Stones And the Faces, they always adhere to the most basic rules of traditional rock, but they make music faster and more free. Other bands, such as Prototype punk the Velvet Underground , the New York Dolls , and the Stooges , they have retained the basic musical structure , but there are more threatening elements in their behavior. Some artists have become rock and roll Traditionalist , such as Dave Edmunds and Graham Parker The records they wrote never left the rock and roll mode of the late 1950s and early 1960s. Although in the decades after the emergence of rock and roll, the word rock and roll has begun to refer to more and more different style of music But the nature of this music has never changed.

1960s

The rock music in the United States finally changed at the beginning of the 60s, which was caused by The Beatles At the beginning, a group of British orchestras entered the American market in a flash, and some people called it the first time British invasion Fortunately, there were still some groups in the United States who stood up to them at that time, such as those who combined similar beatles while the wind was full of beaches, sunshine, beautiful women, billboards and other California scenery Beach boys 。 Besides, it is full of folk songs Folk rock It also came into being immediately, but in addition to Bob Dylan Ireland There are many British singers with distinctive music styles, but in the late 1960s, the American orchestra once again dominated the overall situation, that is, with 3J（ Jim Morrison 、 Jimi Hendrix and Janis Joplin ）The psychedelic rock led by him became the most popular rock music at that time, but in addition to Grateful Dead Most of the psychedelic groups outside died quite early. After the psychedelic rock was weak, they entered the era of rock and roll.

1970s

John Lennon, the soul of rock and roll

Through the introduction of the 1960s, So make The rock music style in the 1970s was extremely rich. The gorgeous rock music led by David Bowie rose in the early 1970s. In addition, in order not to be limited to the existing rock music types, progressive rock 、 Classical Rock and Art Rock It also rose up and became a new image of the music world at that time Jazz Rock It also gradually became famous. In addition, the most popular and long-lived Heavy Rock (heavy metal) Led Zeppelin 、 Deep Purple 、 Black Sabbath However, it was a deafening rock type at that time, and has been evolving since then heavy metal It has been loved by rock fans all the time. In addition, in the 1970s, there were music styles quite different from HM's Country rock California Rock and Southern Rock are also popular. If we say that the great event of the 1960s was the invasion of Britain, then the great event of the 1970s in Bill Haley and his Comet Orchestra, the Heis, started in the late 1970s Punk Rock and roll, but like psychedelic rock and roll in the late 1960s, punk will not live long.

1980s

In the 1980s, in addition to the punk style in the early days, heavy metals with the afterglow of the 1970s became Leadership , and the 80's, which was almost famous, were heavily rock and roll（ heavy metal ）But they are still seeking innovation and change. Their style is absolutely different from the past, so there are Sina The title of heavy metal, under the strong influence of heavy rock, except blue collar rock Pop Rock And integration Reggae In addition to the rock and roll of the music style, if you can break through the sky, you can win with skill. Therefore, some rock and roll emphasizing fast play and speed came into being, and the trend they caused should not be underestimated. So far, fast money still has a large audience.

1990s

Then in the early 1990s, what led the rock and roll trend was Seattle Sound Oil stain rock, but then filled electronic music Of British Rock Because these bands from all over Britain soon conquered a new generation of rock fans, it is called the Second British Invasion. In addition, some with punk style or full of electric sound in the late 1990s Alternative rock It has also won quite a number of fans. Maybe the rock wave is not here. As MacArthur said, the old soldiers are dying, but new blood of rock is constantly emerging Hip Hop Maybe rock music style is not the same as before, but at least it is the continuation of another rock form.

Rock spirit

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Rock spirit

About“ Rock spirit ”And "rock and roll thought": most rock and roll fans like to describe rock and roll as a kind of spirit, but there are different opinions about what this spirit really feels like. Obviously, when rock bands create rock music, they do not first have the common understanding of "rock spirit" to create; It is hard to generalize all kinds of thoughts in the vast sea of rock music. Relatively Representativeness And influential rock spirit:

Youth's sense of autonomy (including reflection or rebellion against society, based on their different degrees of intensity);

Love and peace（ Anarchism Is usually associated with it);

Anti religion (in Europe and America Countries with religious background);

hedonism perhaps Hedonism (In the 1980s Hard rock -- Popular metal --AOR period is representative);

Pessimism And nihilism (with Black metal and Doom metal On behalf of).

These ideas are not unified, sometimes even contradictory, so Rock spirit is actually not a kind of outline The dogmatic spirit is based on independent bands and specific works 。 For example, we can safely say that in the The Beatles The spirit of the two songs, Getting Better and Sympathy For The Devil by The Rolling Stones at the same time, is completely different. The bigger difference, such as The Beatles and Black Sabbath The difference between the two bands is obviously more impossible to understand with a general rock spirit.

People's general impression of rock and roll: popular dress, radical thinking, decadent attitude... may be some prejudice. Rock is not only alternative, rock is not just popular, rock is not long hair, leather clothes, guitar plus Drum kit , rock and roll is more than just a loud voice!

Spirit and connotation

When it comes to listening to rock, people immediately think of crazy listeners and equally crazy musicians at the meeting. Admittedly, excellent expressiveness And performance makes rock and roll more appealing. However, people are paying more and more attention to the atmosphere of the venue, including crazy fancy drum and super shocking guitar solo Instead, it ignores the meaning of rock and roll itself. You can also take rock and roll as pop music to enjoy, but rock and roll has a more substantial inner waiting for you to find and love him. This is the meaning that rock and roll itself wants to express. As the entry said at the beginning, "rock and roll is not only a form of music, but actually a form of music‘ Life attitude And philosophy. ".

Rock 'n' roll has connotation, at least most of them have and can be understood by people, and the expressiveness of rock 'n' roll itself can make rock 'n' roll easier to understand, which is the so-called true expressiveness of rock 'n' roll, and is also different from the commercial production of pop music. "Qualified" "rock and roll" singers integrate their soul and works together, so there can be so many excellent rock and roll works with rich types in the world! To really understand and love it, it is very important to understand what rock and roll means. because Regional culture It is good to understand only a few of your favorite rock works, even if not all of them.

Main categories

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Punk

（ Punk ）

Punk Rock and roll is the most primitive rock and roll music - composed of a simple melody and three chords. The change is punk rock Play the old style rock and roll faster and more exciting. Because some bands one-sided understand the style of punk music - including the garage in the 1960s Rock band And the velvet underground, the stooges, the new york dolls -- it was not until the mid-1970s that punk music genre was formally formed. Many new western bands no longer emphasize the difference from the mainstream Hardcore Rock Of Musical form It refers to the essence of music. The first punk band in New York was the ramones; In London, it is represented by sex pistols. Although their musical performances are different - the ramones are light and casual, compared with the pistols, which emphasize repeated paragraph expression - these unique attempts have revolutionized the styles of American music and British music. Punk music has been a low-key existence in the United States, and eventually gave birth to hardcore rock and Indie rock Concept.

In Britain, punk rock has become a favorite of the public. Sex pistols is regarded as a kind of monarchy The serious subversion of. More importantly, more and more bands have joined punk rock. Some bands have almost copied the original style of Pistols, while others have created new elements of their own, such as the sharp rock of buzzcocks and the hymn of clash Rigg Rock and roll, and the art experiment of wire and joy division. Soon, punk split into Post-Punk (more artistic and experimental than before), New Wave (More popular in the East), and hard core rock (a punk music that is more intense, fast and aggressive in form). Throughout the 1980s, both Britain and the United States linked the definition of punk with hardcore rock. In the early 1990s, a group of punk revivalists, represented by green day and random American Underground The music world emerged. These new forces brought punk music back to its original style and tried to add heavy metal elements to its music.

Encyclopedia x Hunzhi: Graphic Rock

blues

A lot of early rock was based on blues Yes, but until the late 1960s, Blues rock It has not yet fully developed into a recognized genre. The blues rock focuses on two clear characteristics - -- the improvisation of traditional triad blues songs and musical instruments. Combined with small Jazz Band And the increasingly noisy characteristics of rock, traditional blues rock -- like Cream That's by Alexis Korner and John Mayall The traditional British blues style of Paul Butterfield Blues Band and Canned Heat - also try to play jazz records and blues Singing The usual long improvisation in the meeting. This kind of mixed race children soon became popular. At the same time, many bands immediately began to imitate them, even more noisy and repetitive than them. In the early 1970s, the boundaries between blues rock and hardcore became increasingly blurred, such as Jazz Based ZZ Top I absorbed it Album Rock The performance technique of the works is used to blur their blues roots. However, blues rock has gradually moved away from the hard core, and some bands still continue to play, rewriting and writing songs according to the standards of blues. In the 1980s and 1990s, blues rock was more determined than in the 1960s and 1970s, even when musicians like Fabulous Thunderbirds and Stevie Ray Vaughan played with the identity of rock musicians. In the 1980s, blues rock and roll had become a recognized tradition like blues.

Britpop

（ British Rock ）

The Beatles established a long period of British traditional harmonious music, guitar pop band, which is a traditional form that is often updated through music movement. However, British rock and roll adopted many of the 90's Traditional music Bands that use more. Although this musical form originated from British music During the independence period, British rock had a lot of commercial value ---This type of band can have great financial rewards. They are shiny and addictive, just like mainstream pop singers, and they have created a new spiritual environment for the life of a new generation of British young people. It is targeted by the young generation in Britain: because British rock and roll seldom care about whether its route will make it more difficult to be accepted by the American audience, so that the young generation in Britain fully feel that it has sung their life, their culture and their music pursuit. The young vitality and aspiration of British rock not only impacted the older musicians of low-key shoegazer style band in the early 1990s, but also affected the gloomy garage in America and the newly rising underground Electronic dance music The musicians behind the creation have a certain influence. Musically, British rock follows the Beatles, and of course, combines the pastoral sound of Kinks in the late 1960s, medium speed music（ the Who , the Small Faces), David Bowie, T.Rax,Roxy Music），

Punk and New Wave （the Jam,the Buzzcocks, Wire , Madness,XTC,Squeeze,Elvis Costello）， And the Smiths' alternative guitar is popular. All these musicians are the essence of British music - they use obvious British thinking to play imagination, write words and compose music, which is also a major factor that they hardly compare with the American Culture and cause the single form of British rock. After splitting up in influence, British rock has been in Manchester Chester With their most rapid foundation, it is a place that emphasizes good timing and emphasizes the easy to remember melody of shoegazer aesthetics. The decadent pop style of The Stone Roses and the attitude of rock stars are the main part of the creation of British rock, but the real father of British rock should belong to Suede. In 1993, when they released their first album with the same name album, their combination of glam lock style and Smiths' improved style made them receive unexpected excellent effects. Suede in 1994 Blur (Parklife) and Oasis (Definitely Maybe) opened the door with more powerful breakthroughs, making them quickly become the two most popular British rock stars. Inspired by the success of the first two, the band appeared in a similar style: Elastica, Pulp , Supergrass , the Boo Radleys are also among the superstars. By 1996, only Oasis had truly become the mainstream music star in the American music world. In 1997, the popularity aura of British rock gradually disappeared, that is, Oasis recalled the period when the third album was poor performance and Blur turned to American independent rock. However, even the superstars who gradually faded in this movement, some of them continued to maintain a strong snobbery, and a few of the early traditional rock and roll continued to survive in a classical style.

Celtic Rock

From punk orchestras like the Pogues To New York/ celtic The mixture of black 47 and slightly changed Irish tunes, such as Cranberries and Celtic, creates music through the rhythm of rock and roll combined with Irish playing instruments, which is the coexistence of fanaticism and passion, melancholy and romance. Celtic Rock It often shows obvious Ireland Bar music But it also depicts popular music alongside R&B and alternative rock.

Mountain rock

One will country music In String music Sound and "Rhythm and Blues" Musical structure A white rock music form integrated with the lyrics. It was popular in the middle and late 1950s. It is characterized by: main performance Electric guitar The sound is full and slightly nasal consonant ， Double bass Beat the strings with your palm to produce an active bass line, and the rhythm guitar will scratch out a clear Rhythmic type , add some simple Percussion music Rhythm. In singing, there are often smart shrieks, intermittent hiccups, and mixed with coconut elm, sarcastic tone. Presley In the mid-1950s, some songs recorded for Sun Records in Memphis established Mountain rock Style.

Art Rock

An attempt to classical music Rock music in it. Its characteristics are: its structure is relatively large, its harmony language is relatively complex, and it often borrows themes from classical music as materials, and pays attention to Logicality And the simplicity and unity of music materials.

Art Rock (Art Rock) rose in the late 1960s among some British rock musicians who had been influenced by classical music. " Beatles "The band's concept album of Sergeant Pepper's Lonely Heart Club Band is considered to be the pioneer of" artistic rock ". In the 1970s, the United States also showed a similar trend. The band" Emerson, Lake and Palmer "《 Picture Exhibition 》Adapted into rock music; Yes used classical music in Close to the Edge Sonata form 。 famous American Band There are also "New York dolls", "Lou Reed" and "Patti Smith th". They did not emphasize the superficial connection between rock music and classical music, but paid attention to the tightness of music logic and the simplicity and unity of music materials, which inspired the emergence of punk music and new wave music.

Art Rock There are generally two kinds of creation: one is a relatively simple way to quote classical music fragments in rock music, or adapt a classical music work into Rock Style ； Another way is to combine rock bands with orchestra (or other forms of classical music ensemble) mixed, or created in the language of rock music according to the development techniques and structural forms of classical music.

Emo

(Emotional hard core)

Emotional hardcore（ Emo ）Yes Hardcore punk A kind of music derived from Hardcore Punk. Its full name is Emotional Driven Hardcore Punk. Since its birth, the term "emotional hard core" has been used to describe several music forms that have been separated independently. Although they are not closely connected, they all come from the same music style. Similarly, the use of this word (and the classification criteria for musicians based on this word) has caused a lot of controversy.

Although Emo is indeed much lighter than metal, it is still Hardcore's pursuit of truth and anti Commercialism Their immediate descendants; Emo Music believes that commercial music is too fake and artificial to express any real emotion. Because Emo's idea is real, deep and touchable emotion and opposed to rational analysis, it tends to use too much music with stronger pitch and release than before, but the best Emo Musical works China Council There is a thorough power to make it content, challenging and privacy Their behavior is often resisted by the mainstream, such as the suicide of fans caused by Emo in the past few years

Representative band: Promise Ring, the Get Up Kids , Braid,Texas Is the Reason, Jimmy Eat World , Joan of Arc , My Chemical Romance , The Used , Fugazi , Saosin , Escape The Fate ,Anberlin

When Johnny Rotten Sex Pistols "I want to anarchy When the state is chaotic, it can incite the whole audience more than those who deeply hold the belief of the government. However, many punks who put this belief into their souls band It is not just a blind opposition to power, but a government that aims at this idea, or at least a hypocritical government that abuses its power. Anarchist Punk Some of the bands are from the right wing (the Dead Kennedys ）Some are from the repressed working class (the Exploited) or both; Whatever its origin, it has been unified through its radical ideas. Most anarchist punks are Hardcore punk Since they are all in the same One time It is revealed, and anarchist punks are often displayed in a rough style, more of them are music professionals. Part of the reason for this is that this style of music is based on Personal freedom by ideology The idea that personal venting in music should be used by everyone, without ignoring the technical ability, is increasingly more important than music itself. But it is also very important to make people fully understand that this belief is as radical as what it preaches through music. Therefore, anarchist punk is generally recognized as noisy, fast and as rough as its professional technology. Most Representativeness The anarchic punk band of "Crass" insists on their playing ideas because of their extraordinary music structure and the lifestyle of their band members.

Gorgeous Rock

Often compared with the 1980s Micrometallic Confused (at least for the American audience), glam rock It is almost exclusive to the UK, and its popularity was very wide in the mid-1970s. Confused rock is quite simple. Broken guitar rock is completely accepted by the public due to its exaggerated insolence. Most of this kind of music is disturbing and easy to remember with pop pop bubble gum rock dance music from young people and the shaking rhythm of early rock. But those pure voices were covered in the process of interpretation, becoming unnatural, dazzling main performance skills and sexual. In fact, one of the important reasons why Confused Rock has never entered the American market is that its performers deliberately pay attention to sex, wear strange clothes with shoes, and the effect of visual costumes. Generally speaking, puzzle rock falls into two genres. The most popular is T Rex's style of deliberately and arbitrarily using debris; Marc Bolan, the leader, advocated to confuse the trend consciousness and created a style of all about sex and foolishness - or to make it enter another road characterized by the mainstream. Bands like Gary Glitter, Sweet, Slade followed the T. Rex aesthetic , and improved to another style, which is known as Glitter (more exclusive of Britain).

But because this style relies too heavily on imagination, confusion has a surprising artistic aspect, which is summarized by David Bowie and Roxy Music. This genre is more comedic and ambitious in terms of music and lyrics; Confusing music provides opportunities for musicians who shape their characters in their will, create their style consciousness into full artistry, and explore the dark hidden under the surface of pop dazzling music. In addition, the independent American puzzle rock band is the New York Dolls Their natural Stonesy proto punk sounds different from similar British bands, but their valueless aesthetics and costumes of the opposite sex make them obviously belong to this camp. Confused music really effectively attacked electronic warfare, which was officially approved by T Rexs， But the year that changed its style in 1972: T Rex consolidated its reputation through The Slider; David Bowie disbanded his classic Ziggy Sardust and reorganized Mott the Hooples star --- released the album All the Young Dudes; Roxy Music performed their influential debut; The New York Dolls started their first concert tour in the UK. Confused rock reached its peak in 1976, when most of its remaining main musicians left this style or gave up this job. However, puzzling music is important for people who grow up in British Punk Children in sports have a certain influence, even more in the dramatic dark former punk. Of course, confusing rock in the 1980s Popular metal It is very important that, although except Daf Leppard, many bands are from the United States and have little knowledge of the original initiator.

Punk Revival

In the 1970s, punk music has been developing in the direction of mainstream music in the United States. By the 1980s, a group of representatives had appeared The backbone The band. In the early 1990s - nearly 20 years after the appearance of punk music - the United States released its first album and single of punk rock percussion. Essentially, Punk Revival The bands are all traditionalists - they continue sex pistols , the stooges, the jam, the explored, black flag, dead kennedy, the teenagers and many other staunch punk bands. Since the late 1980s, punk has evolved into Speed Metal Since then, these traditional punk bands have naturally become much more intense in music expression than at first. However, this is part of the reason why punk music has attracted a large number of audiences in the United States - music is more simple and intense, much like faster and more violent Garage Rock 。 The first group of punk renaissance bands that invaded mainstream American music were green day and offspring. Their success promoted the unity of a group of followers, such as random, nofx, penny wise, and pansy division. At the same time, punk bands in the 1980s that would be ignored were bad religion And underground punk schools such as the Third Persica revival have been pushed into the spotlight.

Post-Grunge

Seattle Garage Music A group of so-called Post-Grunge Style band. The main difference between them and Seattle garage music is that Seattle garage music firmly follows the underground alternative rock music style of the 1980s, while the latter garage music is more influenced by the conceptual garage music style - the internal form is widely popular, and the thought is serious. Therefore, many rear garage style bands simply imitate the style expression of garage music, but do not have the independent characteristics of the original garage art. The rear garage band inherits the music style full of anxiety and calm introspection in typical garage music, and regards it as a necessary element of garage art. Even in the low Song Dynasty, the rear garage bands kept a very serious and sober attitude towards their own existence, and finally, the unique elements of garage music became orthodox Music essence An integral part of the. The style of the rear garage almost influenced the mainstream mature heavy rock music of the whole 1990s. Although the music contains other elements, the rear garage is still a mainstream commercial music - its rich and flowing garage guitar playing is beautiful, fluent and popular. Many bands are very similar but not identical in style; In addition to the old garage music, the back garage also borrowed from the noisy pop in the early 1980s, punk pop, and revived Scar music, Alternative metals And classical commemorative rock music. In addition, some weird rear garage style items are also popular because of their black humor rather than low-key melancholy. Back garage music has surfaced soon after the generation of old garage music; The nirvana band, representing the old garage style, reached its peak in early 1992. Just a few years later Bush band And candlebox also achieved great success. After the first heyday of the old garage music passed, the post garage style began to rise, and a number of new bands emerged from the mid-1990s to the late 1990s; Some of them continue to be popular, while others are short-lived. Today, the style of the rear garage is still thriving. Creed and matchbox20 They are the two most popular bands of this style in the United States.

Indie rock

Indie rock The name comes from the word "independence", which represents the characteristics of small share and low budget when making and releasing records according to the ideas of their own bands. Although most independent types of music enter the market by the brand of the main company to gain sales share, their decision-making process is still based on their own ideas. Similarly, indie rock can freely explore the theme of sound, emotion and lyrics without catering to the tastes of the public - the profits of the public and personal tastes are different (although they do, after all, they still want to stay in business). It is deeply rooted in American underground and alternative rock in the 1980s, although since then underground rock music has begun to have some small changes. It feels like this word is widely used. Independent rock really separated itself from alternative rock when Nirvana hit the mainstream. The public taste gradually transformed the alternative into a new form of serious hard core, making it more predictable and testosterone driven in the process. Indie rock is a kind of Subculture Embodiment of; Not all alternative rock is inspired by Nirvana, nor do they all want to do so. Although indie rock has not clearly separated punk groups involved in business, it still does not care whether the band continues to be independent or sold to the mainstream; It is generally believed that, first of all, it is impossible to achieve a balance between creating independent rock and roll in a variety of musical forms and meeting the public taste. There are almost many reasons to explain the indie rock band Incompatibility But the following are some common understandings: this kind of music may be too capricious and naive; Too weird; Hypersensitivity and depression; Too decadent and morbid; Space thought and hypnosis; Too self and emotion are closely related to lyrics; In its works too Low Fidelity And low budget; There are too many edges and corners in tone and repetition; Taiyin cold and grinding; Too much packaging Sonic Youth / Dinosaur Jr. /Guitar noise of Pixies/Jesus&Mary Chain style; Too much inclination and fragmentation in the song structure; Affected by too many experiments or other non mainstream music forms. Regardless of this special nature, the creators and listeners of this kind of rock are very similar to the beginning of alternative music. Apart from this intersection, independent rock still takes a cautious attitude towards excessive testosterone. Of course, independent rock has never had great influence or strong feeling; It's just rare or never Machismo 。 When the 1990s came, indie rock developed into quite a few sub trends and was similar to its adjacent music forms (indie pop, dream pop,noise-pop,lo-fi,math rock,posr-rock,space rock,sadcore， All these seem to have kept the balance of underground phenomena.

Acid rock

Acid Rock is a kind of intense and loud illusion rock Variations 。 It absorbs the essence of the impromptu performance of Cream and Jimmy Hendrix, which have passed their prime. Acid bands rely on guitar variation, soft singing and long time Improvisation 。 The existence of acid rock is not long - in Hallucinogen During its lifetime, it has been developing and forming a center - the band that did not disband finally evolved into Heavy Metal Band 。

Metal

（Metal）

Simple classification of metal music

Heavy Metal( heavy metal ）Among many rock types, heavy metal is the most extreme in volume, masculinity and dramatic style. There are many variations in the genre of heavy metal sound, but they all try to reach consensus on noisy effects, distorted guitar playing (usually playing repeated passages), and simple, pounding melodies. Heavy metal has been causing controversy since its existence --- Critic From tradition They criticized the stage play effect that deliberately attracted most teenagers, and some conservative groups often protested the lyrics that they felt were harmful and evil. Despite many difficulties, heavy metal has become a stable and popular form of rock music since its birth. It has enough ability to adapt to this period, and still can maintain its core attraction that has not been eroded. Although such as the rebellious form of vocal channel selection in the United States, heavy metals are to a large extent British creations. The seeds of heavy metals were first planted in the 1960s British Blues It was broadcast in the movement, especially in those who found it difficult to adapt to the United States blues Naturalng's band. This kind of rhythm is more irregular and enhanced Electronic musical instrument The use of music has become a more important feature, especially through innovative musicians such as the Kinks, the Who, Jimmy Hendrix, Cream and the Jeff Beck Group. However, as can be proved by the evidence, the original real Metal Band It's Led Zeppelin. At the beginning, Zep played blues tunes more heavily and noisily than anyone else, and by acquiring a lot of music Source pole Soon created a large-scale, texture represented by heavy rock. Less elaborate but perhaps more influential is Black Sabbath, whose dark and boring guitar repetitions create an imaginary end of the world, full of drugs, death and supernatural confusion. Next, this style was abandoned by Zep and Sabbath. Many American bands changed heavy metal into a more accessible form in the 1970s; Alice Ccooper and Kiss Easy to remember tunes and brutal stage performances; Aerosmith Sleep boogie; Van Halen The flashy guitar intro and fanatical party rock. In the late 1970s, some hidden British bands called New Wave of Heavy Metals in Britain (including Judas Priest , Iron Maiden , Motorhead ）Start playing metal faster, tilt and use more intimidation. Their appearance is a new American metal in the 1980s--- Flagellate metal Provides influence, this new things Qualitative to metal New mainstream The popular breakthrough is represented by Def Leppards Pyromania. Metal was the most enjoyable in the glory period of the 1980s, due to a large number of glammed up Popular metal The band, in addition to lashing the metal band to play complex repetitions, sometimes incorporates some soft and beautiful vocal music. Like Metallica and Megadeth Such flagellation bands formed fanatical fans and took off their popular metal jackets in the garage at the same time to push them into the mainstream. The mainstream metal in the 1990s is called Alternative metals The mixture of hip-hop And the boom of industry combine the influence of grinding rush and grunge. During this period, the underground grew in a rougher and bleaker style, producing two similar styles that originated from flagellation, called Death metal and Dark metal They created some of the most important music of grinding, violent and speeding, and graphic shock tacts never shown in the metal world.

Alternative metals: In its initial stage, alternative metals formed their own style with unusual sensitivity to music that can be directly classified. Heavy metal is the core of this kind of music, but these bands are too irregular, and their influence is too eclectic for underground whipping metal, so their main fans are those who like heavy guitar rock. However, in Garage Music It helped to enrich alternative metals and thus gained a large number of listeners. Especially when more aggressive bands gradually studied their timbre, alternative metals began to become the most popular style among heavy metals in the 1990s. When it shows almost the least classification type of heavy metals, its form is very different from that of other metals in the early 1980s. At the same time, most of the survivors Hard nucleus Punk bands have turned to the trend of metal field, which has promoted the underground heavy guitar rock band to find inspiration elsewhere. The earliest alternative metal with a heavy metal style is divided into Jane Addiction, Primus, Garage Punk （ Soundgarden , Corrosion of Conformity）， Noisy Rock （the Jesus Lizard, Helmet ）， Crazy （ Faith No More , Living Colour ）, Faith No More, Biohazard, Industry, Nine Inch Nails ）， Psychedelic music （Soundgarden, Monster Magnet）， Even World Music （later Sepultura）。 The evolution of all this did not take place in a specific scene, but the growing desire to try the form of pure performance that has become more and more dependent on musical instruments. Some of these bands finally gained great influence among the public, especially through touring. They also laid the foundation for the alternative rock that gradually emerged in 1993-94, and formed a group represented by Rage Against the Machine and Korn Rap Metal , represented by Tool uncoordinated Music to White Zombie Is the weight represented by. And popular breakthroughs represented by Nine Inch Nails. These bands will become part of the Pantera The thick, dissolved improvisation and repetition style, which is different from any metal band, has the most influential power in the production of sound and the style of other metal types. Like many other metal bands, Pantera is serious, cold and internal, but they demonstrate how to be masculine. In the middle and late 1990s, most of the new alternative metal bands began to play a mixed style of single whip, rap, industry, hardcore punk and garage. This new sound includes more than hooks or memorial riffs grindcore Features and fierce attack, so it relies more on studio recording to complete the power it shows; However, it captures the masculinity represented by the hidden mainstream metal of teenagers, thus becoming a business cult. Korn,Marilyn Manson， Bands such as Limp Bizkit and sometimes accompanied by aggro matal, nu metal, or (incorrectly) hardcore content are the biggest stars in this new movement, and at the end of this decade, countless new bands began to perform that kind of micro metal branch with a year-round nature similar to the late 1980s violence (ionic, given alternative metals vehement rejection of hair metals attitude).

Black Metal (Black metal): with evil Paganism Worship and Satan thought are its main appeals, which are usually classified as Black metal In addition to traditional heavy metal fixed instruments, other instruments such as piano violin , or opera Soprano , creating a weird and scary atmosphere in the song. "Black metal" from Northern Europe The heavy metal group is the most representative. Representative bands: Emperor , Mayhem , Enslaved , Dark Funeral

Industrial metal: when pure industry takes its main source from Experimental music And electronic dance music implies that industrial metal makes the distorted noise of electric guitar an important part of music. Some industrial metal bands have their songs built around metal style guitar repetitions, and when others use it more it can create harsh and abrasive textures. On the other hand, industrial metals are generally better than straight- ahead As for metal, it has more aggression, which helps this style to spread across audiences who are accustomed to metal and alternative music dominated by guitar. The lyrics of industrial metals also reflect the aggressiveness of darkness and standard heavy metals, although susceptibility By focusing on punk and alternative rock Personal awareness The alienation on was screened out. No matter whether its anger is turned to human nature or exposed to society, industrial metal always expresses a cold and tortured anxiety, and expresses the alienation from the edge of the world close to despair through its pounding wall like noise. The Minstry is the earliest band that popularized industrial metals in the late 1980s. The buildings marked by them are ground on repeated playing of jackhammer guitar, electronics, experiment and distorted sound; However, it was in the early 1990s that Nine Inch Nails really brought sound to Mainstream society Because Trent Reznor's talent in composing music and multi-layer works. Inspired by the success of NIN, many similar sounds suddenly appeared on alternative radio. At the end of the last decade, many popular alternative metal bands appropriately integrated the excellent works of industrial metal electronics into their aggressive mixed music style.

Agricultural metals : When the pure industry with its main hints from experimental music and electronic dance music, agricultural metal has taken a new approach, adopting dazzling titles and serious critical spirit to attract people's attention. Some agricultural metal bands make their songs based on repeated passages of critical lyrics around the metal style. On the other hand, agricultural metals are generally more aggressive than industrial metals.

progressive metal : The avant-garde metal combines the striking, volume and aggressive elements of metal music with the grand pseudo classical publicity of avant-garde rock Phase mixing 。 Of course, some bands emphasize one of them Element pair The influence of another element - -- for example, Dream Theater. Compared with other bands, they prefer avant-garde style - -- but all bands reflect the basic publicity style in music. Taking Pink Floydian and Queensryche as representatives, avant-garde metals emerged in the late 1980s. At one time, avant-garde metals were quite secretive (although such as and justice for all Metal music There are as many albums as avant-garde music albums, and they are classified one by one.) Throughout the 1990s, avant-garde metal kept a low profile. However, its popularity is enough to cause cross collision, which is most notably reflected in the“ silent lucidity ”Despite this, avant-garde metal works did not gain much in the 1990s Economic benefits 。 Bands such as Queensryche and Dream Theater have been the symbols of this style in the past decade. However, by the end of the 1990s, avant-garde metals had undoubtedly become the consistent direction of the fanatical hardcore.

Death/ ferrous metal Death metal comes from the whip metal in the late 1980s. Taking the extreme route with the hard lyrics and the obsession of the scourge morbid, death metal is - as its name implies - just about death, pain and suffering. These cruel and cold lyrics are constantly noisy and repeated heavily. This style is influenced by many slow metals like Black Sabbath. Metallica is a typical representative. Death Metal Band It was also influenced by many complex song structures of art rock in the 1970s, although most of these complex song structures were learned from Metallica. Death metal has never resonated with the public, but for some diehard heavy metal fans, Metallica and Guns N Roses are the best - they bought millions of records from the late 1980s to the early 1990s - or pop metal, such as Poison. Death/Black Metal kept a small group of loyal fans in the 1990s.

Goth metal : Gothic metal is dark and noisy Gothic rock Surrounded by the cold atmosphere and heavy metal aggression, I found the middle position between the dramatic consciousness and the lyric attraction decorated with religion and horror. Gothic metal like the former punk, ambiguous archaize, and metal bands like Rainbow, Dio, and Judas Priest have been described as the secondary voice of Gothic. If there are no more characteristics, then in addition to the fact that the real Gothic metal is always directly affected by Gothic rock, it is ethereal Synthesizer Effects and ghostly feelings are as important as guitar riffs. Therefore, gothic metal often keeps asking the audience to stand at both ends of the scale. Gothic metals first emerged in the early 1980s to Los Angeles It is also called "death metal" because it is centered on Christian Death The place where the leader took place. Many gothic metal bands broke out among a wider audience of alternative metals in the 1990s through tongue in cheek Type 0 Negative after jumping up in the United States and Europe.

Visual rock

Originated in the 1970s Europe and America 。 The visual band, with its exaggerated and beautiful shape and strong Visual stimulus It is mainly characterized by its high commercial potential and sensational effect Commercial music. After 20 years of development and Business operation Has a broad market base and consumer groups in Asia. Later, the Japanese began to imitate and then develop VISUAL ROCK. The unique aesthetic concept conveyed by the visual band catered to the aesthetic and entertainment direction of the young generation, and derived a pan Cultural phenomenon , which covers records, clothing and other business fields. While bringing great reputation to the band Related industries It will bring a lot of money.

From the perspective of music, it is the inheritance and development of ANDROGYNOUS, GLITTER ROCK and THEEATER in Europe and America Department of Vision (Japanese: ヴィジュアルルル) is a kind of band type developed from Japanese rock. The name of the visual department is actually the same as any Music type It doesn't matter. It is used to refer to those bands with exaggerated costumes and makeup. X/X Japan's earliest Visual rock One of the most important visual rock bands, Visual Rock is the full name of the band. X/X Japan not only pushed the whole visual rock into the mainstream Cultural development , also in the whole Asia The range has aroused a rock and roll frenzy. X The late lead guitarist Hide is honored as the first person in visual rock. His main representative bands are: Glay, Luna sea ， Dir en grey Etc. However, visual rock music is not a genre established by musical style, so it will not be inherited in musical style. The combination of visual expression and music is the most important key of visual rock band.

Style Category

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Acid Rock ( Acid rock ) Acid Jazz( Acid jazz ) Adult Alternative Pop/Rock (adult Alternative fashion /Rock) Adult Contemporary（ Adulthood ) Album Rock( Album Rock ) Alternative Dance Alternative Pop/Rock Pop/Rock ) Alternative Country-Rock( Alternative country rock ) Alternative Metal( Alternative metals ）Alternative Rap American Punk（ American punk ) American Underground( American Underground ) American Trad Rock( American Traditional Rock ）Anarchist Punk Punk ）Art Rock Arena Rock（ Stage rock ）Aussie Rock Big Beat British Folk British Metal（ British Metals ) British Punk( British Punk ) British Trad Rock( British traditional rock ）Celtic New Age（ Celtic New Age ) Celtic Rock( Celtic Rock ) Christmas( Christmas music ) College Rock( College Rock ) Computer Music( Computer music ）Contemporary Instrumental (Industrial Age) Country Rock（ Country rock ) Disco( Disco ) Doom Metal( Doom metal ) Dream Pop( Dream Pop ) Electronica (Electronic) Emo Euro-Pop (Popular in Europe) Folk Rock（ Folk rock ) Funky Breaks( Funky Breaks ) Garage Punk( Garage Punk ) Glam Rock ( glam rock ) Grindcore( grindcore ）Guitar Virtuoso Hard Rock（ Hard rock ) Hardcore Rap( Hardcore Rap ) IDM( Intelligent dance music ) Industrial Dance (Industrial Dance) Instrumental Rock（ Instrumental rock ）Jazz Rock Kraut Rock ( German rock ) Latin Rock( Latin Rock ）Madchester Negative Neo-Glam (New Gorgeous Rock) Neo-Psychedelia New Wave（ New Wave ) New York Punk( New York Punk ) Noise Pop ( Noise prevalence ) Political Reggae ( political reggae ) Pop Underground ( Underground epidemic ）Pop Metal Post Punk（ Post-Punk ) Power Metal( Energy metal ）Progressive Metal Proto-Punk (Prototype punk) Psychedelic Pop( Psychedelic Pop ) Punk Revival( Punk Revival ) Queercore( Homosexual nucleus ) Rap-Rock( Rap rock ) Riot Grrrl (feminist punk/rock) Rockabilly（ Mountain Country Rock ) Scandinavian Metal( Scandinavian Metals ）Singer/Songwriter Soft Rock（ Slow Rock ) Speed Metal( Speed Metal ) Sunshine Pop( Sunshine is popular ）Swedish Pop/Rock Synth Pop ( Synthesizer Pop ）Thrash Trip-Hop （ Shenyou dance music ） Vocal Jazz( Vocal Jazz ) Visual Rock( Visual Rock ) Baroque Pop( Baroque Pop )Blue-Eyed Soul( Soul music ）British Blues (UK blues ）British Invasion British Psychedelia（ british psychedelia )British Rap( British Rap )Britpop( British Rock ) Celtic Fusion Celtic Pop（ Celtic Pop )Chamber Pop( chamber pop ) Club/Dance Comedy Rock（ Comedy Rock )Contemporary Celtic( Contemporary Celtic ）Country Dark Ambient ( Dark atmosphere ) Detroit Rock ( Detroit Rock ) East Coast Rap ( West Coast Rap ）Ethnic Fusion (Cultural Dissolution) Experimental（ Experimental music )Experimental Rock( Experimental Rock ) Folk-Jazz Funk Metal（ Funk METAl )Fusion( Jazz ）Garage Rock Revival Glitch (electronic pulse) Goth Rock Grunge（ Junk Rock ) Hair Metal ( Micrometallic )Hardcore Punk( Hardcore punk )Hardcore Techno ( Hardcore Techno ）House (Opera) Indie Pop（ Independent fashion ）Industrial Metal Jazz Tap（ Jazz rap ）Jungle/Drum 'N Bass Beth ) L.A. Punk Lo Fi（ Low Fidelity )Merseybeat( Voice of Mersey ) Neo-Prog (New avant-garde rock) New Romantic New Wave of British Heavy Metal heavy metal New Wave) No Wave（ No tide )Political Folk( Political Folk ）Pop Pop Rock Post-Grunge ( Rear garbage ) Post-Rock/Experimental ( Post rock /Test) Progressive House Prog Rock/Art Rock Psychedelic（ Psychedelic music )Pub Rock( Bar Rock )Punk Metal( Punk Metal )Punk-Pop( Pop Punk ）Rap Metal Rave（ Rave ) Rock & Roll Rock Roots Reggae ( Root Reggie ) Shoegazing (Self appreciation music) Slowcore ( Slow nucleus )Space Rock( Space Rock )Stoner Metal( Stoner Metal ) Surf (Wave Music) Symphonic Black Metal (Symphonic Black Metal) Techno (Digital) Trance（ Psychedelic dance music ）Twee Pop Visual Rock World（ World Music )

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The Beatles

The Beatles （ Beatles ）， the GazettE (Japanese: ガゼット the GazettE ガゼット），

Linkin Park （ Lincoln Park ），Coldplay（ Coldplay Band ），Led Zeppelin（ Led Zeppelin ），Black Sabbath（ Black Sabbath ）， Nirvana (Nirvana), Queen（ Queen ），The Rolling Stones（ The Rolling Stones ），The Doors（ The Doors ），The Who（ Who Band ）， U2 ，Pink Floyd（ Pink Floyd ）， The Beach Boys (Beach boy), The Velvet Underground (underground velvet), The Band, Sex Pistols（ Sex pistol ），Guns N' Roses （ Guns N' Roses ），aerosmith（ Smith Spaceship Band ）Wait

What is recognized as the "father of rock and roll" in the rock and roll circles in mainland China Cui Jian ， Taiwan The regional "rock godfather" is Luo Dayou , Hong Kong's "rock king" is Huang Jiaju 。

The famous rock musicians are Cui Jian 、 Dou Wei 、 Zhang Chu 、 He Yong 、 Huang Jiaju 、 Zuo Xiaozu Mantra 、 Xu Wei 、 Zheng Jun 、 Wang Feng 、 Li Zhi 、 Zhou Xiaoou 、 Xie Tianxiao 、 five hundred 、 letter 、 Liang Bo wait^[2] 。

The famous Rock band yes Zero Point Band 、 Tang dynasty 、 black panther 、 New trousers 、 Huichundan Band 、 Houhai Shark 、 Reflector Band 、 escape plan 、 Overload band 、 The Flowers (early) Omnipotent Youth Society 、 Reincarnation band 、 compass Band Hot blooded band 、 poikilotherm 、 Spring and Autumn Band 、 Latter descendant 、 Red Army 、 43 Baojia Street 、 Heaven Band 、 Confucius' band 、 The Face 、 Tomahawks 、 lay out the corpse 、 Suffocating band 、 Thin Man 、 GALA Band 、 Regicide Band 、 yaksha 、 Cause of death pool 、 Teaching Day 、 Twisted Machine Band 、 Saint gold band 、 Miserable Faith 、 Catcher in the Rye Field 、 Second-hand rose 、 Non Fish Band 、 Gear Rubber Band wait.

The famous rock bands in Hong Kong include Beyond 、 Daming School 、 Taiji Band Etc.

Taiwan Tomi 、 five hundred & China Blue 、 Mayday 、 Lion Choir 、 Cao Dong has no party 、 magic power 、 Sue five people Etc.

Rock music not only expresses people's pursuit of love and a better life, but also expresses their dissatisfaction with the real world, involving war and peace, democracy and politics. Its types and styles are complex. From several aspects, the development of modern rock and roll is mainly based on soul music , underground culture, modern technology and Postmodern Tide, formed by metal, hard metal New metal 、 Punk , Goethe, psychedelic, rap, black atmosphere, garage Emo Music in the main style.^[1]

along with China's economy With the development of ideology and culture, more and more young people began to integrate into rock music, the famous rock music party“ Strawberry Music Festival ”Yes Chinese Rock The world's large-scale music concerts have greatly promoted the development of Chinese rock music, developed a number of new young rock punk bands, and spread Chinese rock culture. But because Rock spirit In conflict with national conditions, rock has not been recognized by the public.

Chinese Rock and Roll Vocabulary

Cui Jian, the father of Chinese rock and roll

Underground - If the underground in foreign countries is already a self-contained world of communication and value, then underground refers to a separate, less understood world. Low Low Fi - borrowed from Nanjing Underground Music Record 97-98. See“ Lo-Fi ”。 If Lo Fi is a kind of technology and aesthetics, Low Low Fi is more rough and helpless.

Small sample - If demo refers to the draft after music creation and before formal recording, it refers to the sample without the support of necessary technology and equipment. Sometimes it shows the determination of the band, and sometimes it shows ignorance.

Fruit (bone, flesh and skin) - 1, an early branch in Taiwan Underground band ； 2. The Chinese translation of groupie refers to the willingness to have sex with musicians Sexual relations 's rock and roll girl Star chaser 。

Tito - a very loyal supporter. Beijing in 1999 Tree Village The local underground band was invented.

Soldier - 2000 years ago, he referred to rock music as a musician of life, and 2010 years ago, he referred to rock music as a musician of life Rave As a player of life, after 2010, it refers to the underground entertainment experts who regard watching performances, dancing, attending various parties and parties as life.

Plastic drugs - For some people, music products made of plastic are drugs that cannot be given up.

Deadly kowtow -- Beijing slang, try to persist and never give up.

transcription ——The important means of learning rock music popular in the 1990s refers to repeated listening and imitating performance audio cassette To learn or perform.

Cultural influence

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Rock music African American“ Ethnic music ”Introduced to growing white teenagers. The popularity of this kind of music made black musicians reach white audiences, and also made white musicians reach black audiences. Cross cultural infection promotes inter ethnic understanding.

In the era of popular rock music, the racial conflict in the United States has entered a new era. Slavery After the cancellation, the United States has always had the so-called Isolated but equal Policy. From the end of the 19th century, this discrimination clause gradually aroused black people's civil rights movement There are also some white people Racism They suppressed such resistance. White teenagers listen soul music The problem of "racial segregation" inevitably triggered a strong racist reaction in the society. Racism believed that this act undermined the necessary racial segregation. Many observers also believe that rock music foreshadows the end of apartheid. The new Musical form It enables different races to share the same emotional experience and promotes cross ethnic collaboration. Finally, the Supreme Court abolished the policy of isolation but equality in 1954.

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