The former site is located at Chongwenmen.Revolution of 1911It is still used later.In 1924, its authority was vested in the Capital Supervision Office.
Chinese name
Commanding the Nine Gate Infantry Army to patrol the commander of the Fifth Battalion
Abbreviation
Nine door commander or infantry commander
Properties
Military officers stationed in Beijing in the Qing Dynasty
Responsible
Capital garrison and public security
Yamen position
The former site is located at Chongwenmen
Historical changes
In 1924, its authority was vested in the Capital Supervision Office
In the Qing Dynasty, the garrison, police and public security organizations in the capital were called "Commanding Nine Gate Infantry Troops to Patrol and Arrest Five Battalions to Command Yamen"[2], commonly known as the "Infantry Commanding Yamen".The officer is referred to as "the commander of the infantry" for short, commonly known as "the nine gate commander" (there are nine gates in the capital, namely, ZhengyangChongwen、XuanwuChaoyang, Dongzhi, Fucheng, Xizhi, Desheng, Anding).Nine Gate Commanders: Manchu, MongolianEight Banners of the Han ArmyInfantry and capital divisionGreen campOf the cavalry (i.e“Patrol camp”）The specific task of the headquarters is to be stationed in different flood seasons ("flood" refers to grass-rootsMilitary establishment）Check the city gate, arrest thieves, apply for a ban on night patrol, etc.The infantry commander was founded in the early Qing Dynasty, and has undergone several changes since then.In the 13th year of Kangxi's reign (1674), the infantryman battalion, which originally controlled only the eight banners, began to supervise the affairs of the nine gates of the capital (originally managed by the Ministry of War). In the 30th year of Kangxi's reign (1691), it also took charge of the affairs of the three battalions of patrolling and arresting,official rankThe full name was changed to "Commander in Chief of the Nine Gate Infantry Army, Patrol and Three Battalions".In the seventh year of Yongzheng's reign (1729), the official office was named as the "Infantry Commanding Yamen". In the twelfth year of Yongzheng's reign (1734)XuanwumenwithinGyeonggi doFormally establishedGovernment office, moved to Beicheng nine years laterMaoer Hutong, also known as“Northern Yamen”(The same criminal department responsible for the trial is located inNanchengIt is called "South Yamen").In the 46th year of the reign of Emperor Qianlong (1781), the left and right battalions were added to the patrol, which became the five battalions in the middle, south, north, left and right. Therefore, the chief officer of the yamen was renamed as "the commander of the patrol and five battalions of the nine gate infantry".The fourth year of Jiaqing (1799)Official rankbyFrom Yipin。
In 1900,Eight-Nation AllianceInvade Beijing, set up an office for people to maintain public order.The last infantry commander before the Eight Power Allied Forces entered Beijing wasCixiThe empress dowager trusted Ronglu.1901Qing governmentFollowing the way of the Allied Forces, we set up the "Aftercare Patrol Camp", which was later renamed the "Patrol General Office", replacing the patrol camp of the original infantry commanding the Yamen.In 1902,Prince SuGood QiServe as the leader of the infantry and support the reform of separating the military from the police.In 1905, the Qing Dynasty officially establishedPatrol DepartmentAnd set up a modern police school to train police talents.Since then, the military police establishment has been separated, and the modern police system has been initially established.
In 1911, after the Revolution of 1911, the Beiyang regime, in order to maintain its political power, not only did not abolish the "infantryman led yamen", but kept it, only renamed it the "Beijing infantryman led yamen", governing the left and right wing generals.With this as a tool, he intervened in the social security of the capital and checked the police's handling of cases, becoming a very special "Yamen" in the early Republic of China.In 1924,feng yu-hsiangThe last emperor Pu Yi was expelled from Beijing after he led his troops to Beijingthe Forbidden City。On October 5 of the same year, this special yamen was abolished.
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The general yamen of the infantry army has the attributes of "army" and "police", which are characterized by:
Military attribute:Affiliated to the Ministry of War;And the Qing armyEight Banners、Green campSame preparation;The source of troops is the Eight Banners and Green Battalion;Military training shall be carried out in accordance with the military rules of the Qing Dynasty.
Police functions:Armed guards;Detective investigation;Litigation and sentencing;The population in the capitalsocial management ；Fire fighting and other tasks In addition, the Infantry Commanding Yamen also undertakes other "police" work.Such as the street when the ban is enforcedenforce martial law, "clearing the way", "greeting and seeing off"Gun saluteBy the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Infantry Commanding Yamen was even responsible for the inspection and management of foreigners in Beijing.In a word, although the Yamen led by the infantry army is an "army", its responsibilities and tasks in the capital are "police".It can be said that the police business involved basically covers the content of modern policing.Of course, the police business it is engaged in is relatively simple and primitive, and even less regulated by laws and regulations.It is the first police like organization in modern China, especially the police andPolice, the infantryman led the Yamen.
organization
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The Nine Gate Commanders are responsible for the security and public order of the capital. The troops under their command have been around 30000 for a long time, and they are well staffed and equipped.
From the perspective of organization, personnel and responsibilities, in addition to the headquarters of the yamen, the infantry commander's yamen also has eight flag infantry battalions, five patrol battalions, 16 management organizations in the inner and outer cities, and the Baitashan artillery management department.
Under the command of the infantry, there areRight Wing CommanderOne person works together with the infantry commander;Eight BannersThe infantry battalion has one left wing captain and one right wing captain (rankTop 3）。The Eight Banner Infantry Battalion is mainly stationed in the inner city.
The five patrolling battalions are distributed inouter cityAnd the four suburbs.Zhongying is stationed atOld Summer PalaceOne Belt, Deputy General（From second gradeUnder the leadership of one memberFive flood seasons(There are 370 to 580 officers and soldiers in each flood season);NanyingIt defends the outer city and southern suburbs, and governs six flood seasons;Beiying defends the northern suburbs, Zuoying defends the eastern suburbs, and Youying defends the western suburbs. Each of the above three battalions governs four flood seasons.The patrol of the five battalions totaled 23 flood seasons.The south, north, left and right battalions have one general and one guerrilla.In the fourth year of Jiaqing, two more left-wing and right-wing commanders were added,Left wing generalTemper the South Camp and the Left Camp, and the Right Wing Commander governs the North CampRight CaoIn the 10th year of Shunzhi (1653)the north seaQiongdao) set up five reliable guns. If there is riot, enemy situation, fire and explosion in the capital, they will "fire at the behest" of the gold medal;Five signal guns are set at each of the inner nine gates.When the white tower fires, nine signal guns will fire together.When the garrison officers and soldiers in the capital heard the sound of artillery, they immediatelyPartition CollectionStand by.In the eighth year of Qianlong's reign (1743), Xinpao andmanagement systemHand over the Infantry Commander Yamen.The capital has nine gates in the inner city and seven gates in the outer city. The inner and outer city gates are garrisoned by officers and soldiers who are responsible for the entrance guard.In the early years of Shunzhi, the guard officer saidGeneral Manager。In the 13th year of Kangxi (1674)Chengmen Captain、Chengmen School。In the 19th year of Qianlong's reign (1754), Chengmen Wei was renamedCity Gate Leader（Top four products）, Chengmen School changed its nameCity gate officials（Top 7）。There are nine gates in the inner city. Each gate has two city gate leaders, two city gate officials, and two thousand gates.There are seven gates in the outer city. Each gate has one gate leader, one gate official and two thousand gates.[3]
representative figure
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Longkodo
Nine Gate Commander of the Qing Dynasty
Longkodo (From the Western Yuan Dynasty to 1728), born in the Yellow Flag of Manchuria, the Tong Jia family, the Emperor Shengzu of the Qing DynastyEmpress Xiao YirenBrother, pepper house relatives.In the 27th year of Kangxi (1688)First class bodyguard。For fifty years, he served as the commander of the infantry (also known as the nine door commander).In 59 yearsLi Fan Yuan Shang Shu。In the sixty-one year, the Holy Ancestor died, and Longkeduo got a new king by the end of the Holy Ancestor's orderShizongHis favorite and trusted, he ordered Prince YunsiBachelorMa QiEtc., Prime Minister's affairs, first class officialsminister of personnel。In the first year of Yongzheng era (1723), he added Taibao and concurrently receivedMinistry of Minority AffairsMatter, and fillSynopsis, transcripts and other official documentsDouble eye featherFour regiments of dragon mending clothes can be said to be the supreme minister, and the special favor can't be more.This is also the reason why Longkeduo's internal help led to the succession of the sect.However, in the third year of Yongzheng's reign, Shizong first released him from the position of commander of the infantry army, and then he became expert in collusion. He deceived and hid his sins in all things, ordered him to return the four regiments of dragon clothes he had given, and was not allowed to reuse the double eye feather;And then he cut his title of TaibaoNingxiaIt can be said that the holy family members are in great decline to build cities and cultivate land!In the fourth year, the minister was dismissed for taking bribes, ordered to take care of border affairs, and exploredRussiaBoundary.In the fifth year of Yongzheng,Zongren MansionImpeachment of the Principality of Abram Israelthe genealogy of the royal houseBilongkeduo hid himself at home.Shizong was angry, and Longkeduo was called back to the capital for seizing the nobility. Later, he was imprisoned forever for 41 major crimes.His son Yue Xing'ao seized the official position and Yuzhu sent it to Heilongjiang.Rondo wrote it himselfZhuge Liang, playing“White God CityThe date of receiving the order is the time of death ".Later historians confirm the inheritance of ShizongLongkodo The help was covered by such angry words. After Shizong Shizong betrayed the secret agreement, Shilongke was also sad to hear that all the birds were exhausted and the bow was hidden.In June of the sixth year, Rondo died in the prison.
Jiang Linzhao(1824-1869), Han nationality, with the name of Puzhai and the name of Yuheng.ShandongprovinceQingyun CountyJiang Huang Qiu VillagePeople.He has always been ambitious, making friends and valuing righteousness.Young people learn martial arts, and are good at riding and shooting.He joined the army in the winter of the second year of Xianfeng.Its military is famous in the Qing DynastyJiangbei Daying, stationed in Yangzhou.Thanks to the meritorious battle with the Taiping ArmyPut the total。Then he made up for his contribution to the General Manager of Chaoyang Camp, and rewarded the top five Blue Feathers.In the third year of Xianfeng, in order to repel the enemy, he was promoted to the old state Yingdu Division and then served as a guard.In the fourth year of Xianfeng, attackGuazhou。At that time, the Jiangnan armies, especially Zeng Guofan'sHunan army led by Zeng Guofan, fought bravely and bravely, while Qi Shan, TomiaDexingaThey are timid and careless, which is ignored by the theory of time.In the meantime, Tomia once fled at night, while the Linzhao Department, though brave and ineffective, won the first place in reputation.Then, Dexing'a followed the Northern Army and took Linzhao Department as the vanguard to conquer Guazhou.Then he cut off the salary for the Taiping Army, and held on to the Guazhou City for more than a month until there was no food in the army, and the soldiers killed horses and ate. However, they took care of themselves, so that the morale of the army was stable.Take advantage of the overcast night and rainy night to blow the horn in the north corner of the city to feign attackTaiping ArmyHowever, Linzhao led the army out of the east gate to encircle.In the seventh year of Xianfeng, Guazhou was conquered again.Xianfeng praised him for his courage and bravery, and promoted him to the middle camp of Yanzhou Town as a guerrillapeacock feathers on official caps。In the eighth year of Xianfeng, attackJiangpuWin, award Yanzhou Townleft wingguerrilla warfare.In the ninth year of Xianfeng's attack on Liuhe, the Taiping reinforcements were defeated and Dezhou battalion was added as a general.And then conquer the monk road bridgeLingtangAnd annihilate Xue Chengliang's army.Therefore, he was sealed as deputy general.In April of the eleventh year of Xianfeng, he fought in Jiangwan and won a great victory. He was awarded the title of deputy general of Guangxi Yining Association and added the title of general.TongzhiIn the first year (1862), he fought in the south of the Yangtze River, and won every battle, especially in the battle at the Southwest Gate of Yangzhou. As a result, he was given the title of Commander in Chief and Commander in Chief.Three years of Tongzhi, conquerDanyang。In, the Emperor Tongzhi rewarded a group of senior generals with outstanding military achievements, including Zeng Guoquan and Jiang Linzhao.Grant Jiang Linzhao Jianyong Batulu（Manchu language，combat heroReward the gold medal.At that time, Jiang Linzhao had a deep friendship with Zeng Guoquan.（Zeng GuoquanbyZeng GuofanNine younger brothers) in the fourth year of Tongzhi, he was awarded as the commander of Tianjin Town. His majesty saw the emperor and was ordered to leadShenji CampHe also graduated from the south.Then he withdrew and served as the general of Tianjin Town.Add a supervisor to register.WhenNien ArmyAt the time of entering Shaanxi, the general of Taiyuan Town, Shanxi Province, was supplemented. Due to the effective prevention and suppression, he was still simply released under the name of commander in chief.(The governor registered his name, just like a member of the Military Commission.) The emperor also authorized him to beGeneral Wu Xian, later granted the title ofGeneral Zhenwei。And enjoy the three generations of one product seal.His former residence was built in the Nine Gate Courtyard of Chaoyang Gate, which was called Nine Gate Commander at that time.The plaque was awarded to the governmentDouble dragons playing with pearls。Named“governor's office”。There are two giants on the left and right of the mansionstone lion, the left is a closed mouth stone lion, the right is an open mouth stone lion, with stone eggs in its mouth.In front of the mansion, there are about seven or eight acres of Xiaojun Yard (also called Yuejun Yard), which is surrounded by earth in the north and west, and is the residence of servants and guards.The mansion is an army from east to weststableAnd the residence of the groom.The building of the mansion is magnificent, and the rumbling sound when entering the mansion is solemn.Tongzhi returned home after six years of illness.The main diseases areGunshot wound, one to the thigh, one to the lockChild bone, causing illness due to injury.After recovery, he went north to handle military affairs in Zhidong and Tianjin.At the end of the event, he begged for the final support. He had not returned to his hometown yet, but his old illness recurred and he died in the office.It was November 11, the eighth year of Tongzhi, when he died at the age of 45.
