The exhaust pipe is a part of the engine exhaust system. The exhaust system mainly includes the exhaust manifold, exhaust pipe and silencer. It is generally used to control the emission of pollutants from the engineThree way catalystIt is also installed in the exhaust system. The exhaust pipe generally includes the front exhaust pipe and the rear exhaust pipe.
(It is more environmentally friendly as the original factory) The principle is the same as that of the original factory, but the sound will be better than that of the original factory. Most of the original factory cars use this kind of pipe. It mainly depends on the volume change of the grid muffler or pipe in the pipe to generate a pressure that will return to the cylinder. When the engine is ignited, the piston begins to travel with radial force, and the exhaust valve will open before the piston reaches the bottom dead center.At this time, the back pressure in the pipe will block the exhaust gas from rushing out, so that the mixture can reachComplete combustion。However, if the back pressure is too strong, the exhaust gas cannot be completely dischargedcylinder, which causes the combustion of exhaust gas and mixture to reduce the combustion efficiency, of course, the most direct is to trigger the horsepower output.Advantages: low noise, low speedTorsionGood.Disadvantages: exhaust gas cannot be discharged quickly at high speed, which affectsenginepowerOutput, low volume.
Half back pressure pipe
Of course, this kind of pipe has a lower back pressure force, and the smoothness of the exhaust is better than that of the back pressure pipe. To put it simply, there is a moderate back pressure between the back pressure pipe and the straight pipe to obtain the starting torque. The exhaust smoothness is better than that of the back pressure pipe. Of course, the torque at medium and high speeds is also greater than that of the back pressure pipe.Advantages: good torque performance at the middle tail speed Disadvantages: loud noise, loud volume.
Straight pipe
The acceleration is better than that of the back pressure pipe, but the biggest disadvantage is that it is very noisy. The noise will make the "police uncle" chase you. The back pressure is extremely low, the exhaust has no resistance, the torque at low speed is poor, and the torque at medium and high speed is large.Advantages: smooth exhaust, strong torque at high speed Disadvantages: soft force at low speed, loud noise (some people say that it is easy to burn out the valve and don't know whether it is true), loud volume.
Semi straight pipe
In fact, the semi straight pipe is the same as the semi back pressure pipe, but the exhaust diameter has a big advantage over the semi back pressure pipe: the starting torque is lower than the semi back pressure pipe, but the torque at medium and high speeds is larger
Variable exhaust pipe
The exhaust is controlled by valves to achieve the best sound and performance.
Design type
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S drum:Increase torque at medium and low speed, and start quickly.Powerful climbing.The sound is low. At 90 decibels or so, the horsepower at high speed will not be sacrificed. The main purpose is to extend the formation of the three wastes to achieve power improvement.(Disadvantages: There is resonance sound at high speed, which does not increase the horsepower at high speed.) S drum is used for engines with displacement below 2.0.
Internal back pressure:It is specially designed according to the characteristics of its own vehicle.Increase torque at medium and low speed, without noise.No resonance sound.There is no resonance sound at high speed, and the acceleration is fast.(The sound is similar to that of the S-drum. Some models cannot be equipped with the S-drum, only the internal back pressure can be installed.)
Type G:For engines with large displacement above 2.0, the sound is reduced by three times of back pressure, and the air flow form is extended.Similar to S drum.The sound is about 90 decibels xiex.Increase torque at medium and low speed (S drum is used for cars with small displacement below 2.0, and G drum is used for cars with large displacement above 2.0)
Straight:If the horsepower at high speed is increased, the torque at medium and low speed will not increase much.It is suitable for running at high speed and race track for a long time.The sound is about 100 decibels.Quite noisy.
Y type:Increase torque at medium and low speed.The voice is noisy.About 95 dB
Street drum:The sound quality of the drum is also very exquisite for increasing the horsepower and torque. The drum body is designed to increase the horsepower and reduce the volume. You can choose either on the street or at high speed. The whole exhaust section adoptsJapanThe most popular design style of gradual amplification, 47mm-63mm-76mm, 63mm and 76mm can give full play to the potential of the engine after being connected with a back pressure pipe. The sound is about 90dB, which balances the fuel consumption acceleration response and improves the power. The street drum has become an ideal throat for walking on the street
M drum:The variable back pressure design adjusts the size of the back pressure according to the speed. There is no resonance sound at high speed. When the engine is at low speed, the gas flow speed will be slow, and the speed through the regulating valve will be slow. A small vacuum will be generated, and the suction force will be small, and the stored exhaust gas back pressure will be large per unit time.When the engine is at high speed, the gas flow speed will be faster, and the speed through the regulating valve will be faster, resulting in large vacuum, more exhaust gas discharged, and smooth exhaust at high speed.Achieve the effect of improving torque and horsepower at the same time. (Full speed power) High speed is about 85 decibels, which is the most obvious and powerful exhaust pipe with power improvement in China according to foreign design concepts. The sound comes out at 2500-3000 revolutions, and it quiets down again at 4000 revolutions.
HKS type:It is directly discharged with back pressure, improving torque at medium and low speed and horsepower at high speed.The sound is smaller than that of the straight exhaust, larger than that of the back pressure, clearer, and never bothers people at 95 decibels.No resonance sound at high speed.(With JapanHKSDesign principle: air flows along the wall.
middle part:It is used to connect the head coke and tail section, and also has the effect of increasing the horsepower by 3-4 horsepower.
On the Design of Exhaust Pipe Angle for Motor Vehicles
The exhaust angle of motor vehicle exhaust pipe has always been a problem difficult for professional manufacturers to solve.According to the survey, the angle direction of the exhaust pipe of cars and light household vehicles is generally backward parallel to the ground, while the angle of the exhaust pipe of high-power transport vehicles and agricultural vehicles is folded to the ground.From the perspective of environmental protection, there is no new design method of angle and direction according to the current design principles of angle and direction of vehicle exhaust pipe and mechanical design.The best design scheme for the angle and direction of all vehicle exhaust emissions should be 180 degrees parallel to the ground to the rear of the vehicle. If the design scheme is not unified and standardized, the manufacturers' random design of exhaust pipes will not be conducive to environmental protection and will cause accidental infringement when driving.1. Unfavorable factors caused by the angle of the exhaust pipe turning to the ground at about 45 degrees.
In this emission angle range, when the vehicle is running, the high flow rate exhaust will blow up the dust on the ground, and the faster the driving speed is, the greater the dust pollution will be.At the same time, the greater the power of the vehicle, the greater the flow and velocity of the exhaust gas, and the higher the pollution level of its fugitive dust.According to the market survey, the area with the most serious dust pollution should be the section along the highway. The more traffic flow, the more serious the dust.On the other hand, dust pollution is also related to the cleanliness of the road surface. The more floating dust on the road surface, the greater the amount of dust blown by vehicle exhaust.
2. There are also some problems with the angle of the exhaust pipe turning to both sides of the car.
If the angle of the exhaust pipe is turned to the two sides of the car, the exhaust of the car will cause thermal airflow impact injury to pedestrians when driving.In addition, the automobile exhaust contains unburned atomized oil stains, which include sulfide, carbide and other pollutants, which will cause human infringement.
3. When the angle of the exhaust pipe is upward, serious damage will be caused to the car body.
Automobile manufacturers generally do not choose this kind of angle turn.Because the sulfide, carbide and other pollutants in the exhaust will cause chemical corrosion to metal parts such as automobile body, manufacturers generally do not choose this exhaust emission angle.
exhaust pipe
According to the relevant provisions of the Environmental Protection Law of China, the machinery industry management departments in all provinces, cities and regions should formulate a unified standard for the angle turn of fuel vehicle exhaust pipes, preferably parallel to the ground and discharged backward.And strictly prohibit the implementation of the design scheme that the exhaust pipe turns to the ground and both sides, so as to reduce the dust pollution caused by motor vehicles when driving and increase the operation and management mechanism of environmental protection laws and regulations, so that our sky is clearer and the environment is better.
common problem
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drainage
It is a good phenomenon that the car exhaust pipe drips.It is proved that the engine of your car burns fully, and the exhaust pipe of your car will drip water outward. In fact, this is a very normal phenomenon, which has nothing to do with the exhaust pipe.
The reason why the exhaust pipe drips water is that carbon dioxide and water are generated after the complete combustion of automobile gasoline. At high temperatures, water turns into water vapor, which is colorless and transparent at high temperatures. However, when the water is below 100 °, the water vapor will condense into water. If the condensed water droplets are very small and suspended in the air, the water vapor will appear as white gas, but when the temperature is low,White smoke from exhaust pipe is water vapor;If condensed water droplets accumulate, they become water.The water drop discharged from the exhaust pipe is the result of the condensation of the water vapor generated after the combustion of gasoline in the exhaust pipe and the silencer. However, when the ambient temperature is high, the water vapor has been discharged before condensation. When the ambient temperature is low, the water vapor will condense into water drops on the exhaust pipe wall and flow out with the exhaust.This phenomenon is relatively normal in most cars.
If there are many problems, the exhaust pipe may have accumulated water.So I suggest you go to the store where you bought it and replace it. If there is a warranty, it is free of charge.
Smoke exhaust
Diesel engineAfter starting, a large amount of gray white smoke is discharged from the exhaust pipe
Fault analysis:
This fault is generally caused by the diesel injected into the cylinder being discharged without ignition or entering the cooling water in the combustion chamber.
Cause of fault:
1 The atomization of individual cylinder injector is poor.
2 The injection pressure is low.
3 The fuel injection nozzle has serious dripping phenomenon.
4 The ambient temperature is too low, resulting in no combustion or poor combustion of individual cylinders.
5 There is water in the diesel.
6 Water drops seep into individual cylinders.
7 The fuel supply advance angle is incorrect.
Troubleshooting:
This kind of fault shall be judged by the cylinder cut-off method, and abnormal cylinders and damaged parts shall be found out by cylinder by cylinder oil cut-off inspection.
1 Start the diesel engine until the speed reaches about 700r/min, and then conduct fuel cut-off inspection cylinder by cylinder.When the high-pressure oil pipe of the second cylinder was disconnected, it was observed that the smoke exhaust changed from the original gray white smoke to a large amount of white smoke, which indicated that there was a fault inside the second cylinder.
2 Remove the fuel injector of the second cylinder, and check its injection pressure and atomization quality. It is found that the fuel injection nozzle is leaking.After replacing the coupling parts, start the diesel engine again after assembly and observe the smoke exhaust condition. It is found that the smoke exhaust condition has changed from the original gray smoke to a large amount of white smoke, indicating that there is water entering the combustion chamber. The cylinder head, cylinder gasket and cylinder sleeve should be disassembled for inspection.
3 After shutdown, when disassembling the cylinder head, it was found that four nuts on the cylinder head of cylinders 1 and 2 were loosened when they were screwed with a torque of 100N · m.This situation is caused by water entering the combustion chamber due to the compression of the cylinder gasket.
exhaust pipe
4 After tightening with 280N · m torque again as required and starting the diesel engine for 5min, the white smoke from the exhaust pipe disappears and the fault is eliminated
Diagnostic processing
When the engine starts, the exhaust pipe emits a large amount of white smoke, which is generally not a fault of the fuel supply system.
(1) _ Cause
① _ There is water in the diesel, which evaporates into steam in the cylinder and is discharged from the exhaust pipe.
② _ The cylinder head bolt is loose or the cylinder gasket is damaged, which makes the cooling water enter the cylinder.
③ _ There are sand holes or cracks in the cylinder block or cylinder head, and water enters the cylinder and evaporates.
⑵ _ Diagnosis and treatment methods
① If you approach the outlet of the exhaust pipe muffler by hand, and there are wet drops left on your hand, it is confirmed that there is water entering the cylinder.
② Check whether there is water in the diesel.Check whether there is a lot of water in the oil-water separator. If there is a lot of water, the fuel quality is poor.First, remove the water in the high and low pressure oil circuit;Then open the drain plug of the oil tank to drain the water in the oil tank, and finally flush the oil tank with clean diesel oil.
③ Open the water tank cover, press the starter button and observe whether there are bubbles on the water surface at the water filling port.
If there is water in the engine oil or bubbles appear on the water surface of the water filler, the cooling water enters the cylinder.
④ Before disassembling the cylinder head, check the tightness of each bolt. If there is any loose bolt, check whether there is water leakage after tightening.If there is still water leakage, carry out the next inspection.
⑤ Further find out the specific water leakage part. Inflate the water tank with the pressure not more than 200kPa. Open the oil pan and check the water leakage at the bottom of the engine;Open the cylinder head again to check the bottom of the cylinder head and the cylinder gasket, and check the fault location.For the components with water leakage in the cylinder, the method of replacement maintenance or replacement of new assembly shall be adopted.
Fault judgment
Judge the failure of diesel engine exhaust smoke: the diesel engine exhaust pipe should normally discharge colorless gas. If the exhaust pipe discharges black smoke, white smoke or blue smoke, it indicates that the engine has a failure. The exhaust gas emission not only affects the surrounding environment, but also serves as a warning to users, and the engine failure must be eliminated in time.In the following, the maintenance manufacturer of spark diesel generator gives several cases of generator smoke for your reference.
1. The gas pipe emits black smoke
Analyze the cause of the fault:
(1) The air filter is severely blocked.
(2) The injection time is too late.
(3) The fuel injector is faulty or the newly installed fuel injector is of the wrong model.
(4) The fuel injection pump is faulty or the smoke limiter (or boost compensator) is improperly adjusted.
(5) Supercharger fault.
(6) Intercooler failure.
(7) The exhaust brake valve is in the closed position.
(8) Insufficient cylinder pressure.
Judgment and elimination methods:
According to the above reasons, they are discussed as follows:
(1) Before checking that the exhaust pipe emits black smoke, remove the air filter. If the diesel engine emits black smokeblack smokeThe situation disappears, indicating that black smoke is caused by insufficient air intake due to serious blockage of air filter.At the same time, check whether the air inlet pipe is blocked, such as the air inlet hose is flat.
(2)Fuel injection pumpToo much fuel supply of or too uneven fuel supply of each cylinder will also cause black smoke in the exhaust pipe. Therefore, the fuel supply of the fuel injection pump must be readjusted.If the smoke limiter is not adjusted properly, black smoke will also be emitted from the exhaust pipe. Adjusting the adjusting screw of the smoke limiter outward can reduce the amount of smoke exhaust, but too much adjustment will cause engine weakness.
(3) Severe wear of compressor impeller or turbine of supercharger will reduce the intake air volume and cause black smoke from exhaust pipe.Serious air leakage from the exhaust pipe pad or turbocharger interface pad will also cause insufficient air intake, black smoke from the exhaust pipe or engine power reduction.
(4) The poor heat dissipation of the air air cooled intercooler will reduce the air intake volume, and the exhaust pipe will emit black smoke. Therefore, the intercooler should be cleaned frequently during daily maintenance to make it smooth.
(5) If the exhaust brake valve is closed, the exhaust pipe will emit large black smoke, and the engine will not accelerate well.
(6) Insufficient cylinder compression pressure is one of the main reasons for black smoke from exhaust pipe.
If the cylinder pressure is insufficient, after the engine starts, gray white smoke will be emitted at first, and it will turn into black smoke with the increase of diesel engine temperature.
Spark dieselalternatorThe maintenance manufacturer analyzed the main reasons for insufficient cylinder pressure:
(1) Excessive or no valve clearance;
(2) The valve seat ring is not sealed tightly;
(3) The clearance between piston and cylinder is too large;The piston ring loses elasticity or breaks and leaks too much air;
(4) The camshaft is severely worn, resulting in insufficient intake and poor exhaust. Check the wear of the camshaft. Use a 10mm dial indicator to measure the lift of the valve. If the wear is serious, it must be replaced.
2. Exhaust pipe emits white smoke
Analyze the cause of the fault:
(1) There is water in the oil, or the water in the cylinder is caused by the cylinder gasket being damaged, the cylinder liner or the cylinder head being broken and leaking.
(2) The camshaft of the injection pump of individual cylinder is severely worn, which makes the injection time of the cylinder lag too much, and the diesel can not be fully burned in the cylinder, which will also cause white smoke from the exhaust pipe.
(3) The atomization of the fuel injection nozzle is poor or more than one gasket is installed under the fuel injection nozzle. Therefore, when replacing the fuel injection nozzle, the copper gasket inside should be taken out.
(4) The water-cooled intercooler leaks, and the cooling water enters the cylinder from the intake pipe.
(5) The sealing ring at the turbocharger turbine end is not tightly sealed, and the oil is discharged directly from the exhaust pipe, forming "white smoke" in the exhaust pipe.If the exhaust pipe emits serious white smoke, carefully check whether the supercharger leaks oil when other parts are normal.
(6) The air temperature is too low, so it is difficult for the cylinder temperature to rise. Especially in the morning, when the engine first started together, it emitted white smoke, turned blue smoke after warming the car, and soon became colorless. This is a normal phenomenon and should be distinguished from the fault.
(7) When the vehicle is driving, if the engine suddenly becomes weak, the exhaust pipe will emit a lot of white smoke, which is generally caused by the late fuel supply time.
The main reasons are: the coupling screws on the fuel injection pump coupling are loose or the steel plate is broken;The air compressor shaft is broken;The fuel injection pump shaft is broken.
3. The exhaust pipe emits blue smoke
Formation of blue smoke: oil enters the combustion chamber and is discharged from the exhaust pipe after combustion.
Analyze the cause of the fault:
(1) The oil seal of the inlet valve is not tightly sealed, and the oil enters the combustion chamber for combustion.
(2) The piston ring loses elasticity or breaks;The cylinder liner is severely worn and the engine oil rushes into the combustion chamber. In this case, a large amount of exhaust gas will be emitted from the exhaust pipe.
(3) The seal ring at the impeller end of the supercharger compressor is not tightly sealed, and oil enters the combustion chamber of the cylinder for combustion.
The above are some suggestions of Spark on the smoke of generator set. For specific problems, please call the maintenance manufacturer of Spark diesel generator or log on the company's website.SparkIt mainly undertakes medium, major, minor repair and maintenance of various generator sets.
Maintenance
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method
1. When it is difficult to start the cold car in winter, close the choke and start the engine. After the hot car, pay attention to open the choke in time.It is forbidden to drive at high speed for a long time when the choke is closed;
2. It is forbidden to install windshields or other decorative items in front of the engine and muffler on a riding bike (men's car), which will affect the heat dissipation of the engine and muffler;
3. Do not drive at low gear with heavy load for a long time, which will damage the engine and muffler;
4. Do not bang the accelerator at high speed for a long time;
5. When there is oil stain on the surface of the muffler, the surface color will turn yellow and blue after the hot car.In addition, when there is a lot of dirt on the muffler surface, please clean it in time to avoid affecting its heat dissipation;
6. When installing the muffler, the muffler pad shall be installed in place and fastened to prevent air leakage, affecting the muffler effect and causing yellowing at the muffler interface;
7. The engine valve clearance, carburetor, air filter, etc. shall be adjusted and cleaned timely and correctly according to the instructions of the whole vehicle. If the valve clearance is too small or the mixture is too rich or too thin, it will affect the combustion and cause discoloration of the muffler.
skill
Maintenance skill I of automobile exhaust pipe: waterproof
When driving or washing the car in rainy days, be sure to prevent water from entering the muffler, otherwise it will easily lead to rust and affect the use of the exhaust pipe;If notmufflerWater ingress, start the engine immediatelyHot carThe accumulated water in the muffler should be discharged as much as possible, which is especially important for the maintenance of the exhaust pipe.
Maintenance skill 2 of automobile exhaust pipe: rust prevention
The antirust of automobile exhaust pipe is not only waterproof but also antirust. The best way is to rub a little antirust oil, so that it can be more comprehensive.First, we remove the muffler, block the drain hole on the ground, and then provide the flange with anti rust oil, and shake the mufflerAntirust oilEvenly enter the barrel, and then install the muffler.Then after the car has driven about 20 kilometers, you can remove the blockage from the drain hole.Rust prevention of automobile exhaust pipe maintenance: about twice a year can greatly protect the exhaust pipe from rust.
Maintenance skill 3 of automobile exhaust pipe: cleaning
Because the exhaust pipe is often exposed outside, but it is the same as the inside of the car, so if the exhaust pipe is covered with dirt, it will also affect the normal use of the exhaust pipe, and it may cause other harmful substances to enter the car due to the driver's improper driving, resulting in other bigger problems, which also happens occasionally.Therefore, in the maintenance of automobile exhaust pipes, we must also pay attention to the cleanness of exhaust pipes.[1]
