fromEgypt's First DynastySince then, La has beenAncient Egyptian mythologyThe most important god in the world, and the highest god in Thebes after Thebes became the capital of all EgyptAmunBlended intoAmon-Ra 。For more than a thousand years, Ra has been the Egyptian sun god.
The main worship center of La is atHeliopolis(called Lunu in Egypt, the land of pillars), where he was regarded as a placeHeliosAtum 。Through him or in combination with him, he became Atum Ra, the head and ancestor of the nine gods, and the other eight Shu andTefnut（Tefnut）、Cover cloth(Geb) andNoot（Nut）、Osiris（Osiris）、Seth（Set）、Isis(Isis) andNefertis（Nephthys）。
In the later period of the Egyptian Dynastyhorus God merged and was called Ra Horakhty, meaning that La was twohorizonHorus on.It is believed that he rules the sky, the earth and the underworld, and is related to hawks or falcons.The worship of Ra God started fromEarly Dynastic Period The name of Ranieb in the Second Dynasty includes the part of La, which means "La is the monarch"The Fourth DynastyDuring the period, the worship of Lashen continued to developDjedkare Isesi Before, almost everyPharaohIt's all built for Ra ShenTemple of the Sun, Pharaoh of the Fourth DynastyKhufuHis son Rajedfu was the first Egyptian king to call himself "the son of Ra", which shows that the belief of Ra God has risen to the status of the official national god. Later pharaohs also emphasized the legitimacy of their rule by adding Ra to their names. This belief of Ra God is in theThe Fifth DynastyThe period reached its peak. Among the nine kings of the Fifth Dynasty, six had names with La.
New Kingdom，AmunThe status of God was significantly improved, and La was merged with Amun God to become Amun Ra.
In the Amarna Period,AkhenatenRestrain the worship of Ra and vigorously promote another sun godaton (Aten) - The deified sun wheel, but after Akhenaten's death, the worship of Ra was restored.
Mnevis Bull is an incarnation of Ra ShenHeliopolisIt has its worship center and a cemetery for sacrificial bulls in the north of the city.
It is said that all life was created by Ra Shen, who called them out by reading their real names.In addition, human beings are born from the tears and sweat of Ra Shen.Therefore, the Egyptians called themselves the cow of Ra Shen.
In the myth of the Tianniu, there was a man who wanted to plot against Ra Shen, and he sentSehmetgoddessTo punish human beings.When she became too bloodthirsty and uncontrollable, he usedPomegranate juiceOfBeerDrunk her, save mankind from disaster.
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Pull with the sun
Pull the Eye
For the Egyptians, the sun represents brightness, warmth and growth, which makes the sun god very important.The sun is believed to be the ruler of everything created by Ra.The sun plate is regarded as the body or eye of pulling the spirit.Ra is the father of Shu and Tefnut.Shu is the god of wind, and Tefnut is the goddess of rain, whileSekhmetIt is the eye of Ra Shen. It is generated from the fire in Ra Shen's eyes. She is a fierce lioness.
La in the hell
According to legend, Ra Shen sailed on two solar boats of Mandjet and Mesektet in the day and night respectively.These boats carried him through the sky and Duat,Ancient EgyptThe prefectures in literature.The god Ra sitting on the ship of Mesektet presents the image of ram god.When he travels, he is always accompanied by other gods, including West Asia (English: Sia (god)) (Insight), Hu (English: Hu (mythology)) (issuing orders) andHerCut (English: Heka (god)).Sometimes some of the Nine Gods also helped him on his journey, such asSethHelp him subdue the serpent Apop;Meihan (English: Mehen) helps him fight against the monsters in the underworld.
Apophis, the god of chaos, is a huge snake and always wants to block the travel of the solar boat every night by interfering or by staring at hypnosis.In the evening, Egyptians believe that God RaAtum orRamThe image of God appears.The ship Mesektet took him through the underworld and returned to the east to be reborn again.These myths of Ra Shen symbolize the rising of the sun as the sky goddessNootRebirth of the sun;Therefore, Ra Shen has the concept of rebirth and renewal, which also highlights his role as the creator.
As the God of Creation, Ra
Sacrifice to Ra Shen
The ancient Egyptians had complex polytheistic beliefs. Some ancient Egyptians worshiped God La as the creator, especially inHeliopolisCity.They believe that human beings come from the tears of Ra Shen crying.These believers believe that God Ra created himself, while the believers of Ptah (also called Putah) believe that God Ra was created by Putah.It is believed that this is also the reason why the worshippers of the ancient kingdom pyramids in Heliopolis rarely mention the god Ra.Book of the DeadAccording to a paragraph in, La Shen pierced his body, and his blood became the language god Hu and the wisdom god Shia. La Shen is also believed to have created seasons, months, plants and animals.
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1298 BC - 1235 BC Portrait of God La in the Mausoleum
Lashen has a variety of representative images.The most common image is an eagle head with a day dish and a snake curling on the day dish.Other common images are: a man with a beetle's head (as the image of Hepper), or a man with a sheep's head.Ra Shen is also depicted as a burlyRamOr beetlesphoenix、Heron, snake, cow, catlionwait.
He isHadesThe most common feature is the sheep head and human body.In this image, Ra Shen is described as a ram in the West or a ram in charge of the harem.
In some documents, Ra Shen is described as a man with gold flesh, silver boneslapis lazuliAn old king with hair.
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The main worship center of God La is Heliopolis (called Lunu in Egypt, the place of Iunu Pillars), where he is regarded as the local sun god Atum.Through him or as Atum Ra, he is regarded as a person who is composed ofNoot、Osiris、Seth、IsisAnd Nefertis, the head and ancestor of the Nine Yuan Gods.Strangely, it is said that Atum, rather than Ra, is the leader of this group of nine gods.Lashen Acceptance Festival is a festival held on May 26 of the Gregorian calendar.
Pull on the sun boat
The local worship of Lashen was roughly formed inEgypt's Second DynastyIts position as the sun god has been established.stayThe Fourth DynastyPharaoh is regarded as the specific representative of Ra Shen on the earth, called the son of Ra Shen.reachThe Fifth DynastyThe worship of Ra increased sharply, and he became the god of all Egypt. In order to pay homage to him, Pharaoh built a pyramidobeliskOfTemple of the Sun。The rulers of the Fifth Dynasty told the believers that they were the sons of Ra and his wife, the high priest of Heliopolis.The pharaohs spent a lot of money on the Temple of the Sun.From the beginningPyramid Text (English: Pyramid Texts) appeared, pulling the godPharaohIt is of more and more significance in the journey of hell.
Middle Kingdom, Ra became more and more attached and was ashamed to combine with other major gods, especially Amun andOsiris。
reachNew KingdomThe worship of Ra Shen has become more complicated and grand.The walls of the mausoleum are dedicated to detailing his journey to the underworld.It is said that the sun boat of Ra Shen carries the living to the deadA prayerAnd blessings.During the rise of the New Kingdom, the old concept of pulling God and the sun became more and more popular.
The numerous worship activities for the God of La include praise, prayer and chanting mantras to help the God of La and the sun boat defeat Apop.
The rise of Christianity in the Roman Empire ended the Egyptian citizens' worship of Lashen, so the influence of Lashen disappeared rapidly.Even among Egyptian priests, the study of Ra became a pure academic interest.
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God merged with La
As the most widely worshipped God of Egypt, Ra is often combined with other gods to form a mixed relationship.
Amun and Amun Ra
Ra and Amun, from the tomb of Ramesses IV
Amun is one of the eight gods, and a very early patron god of ThebesAmaunateTogether, they represent the source of creation.It is said that he created by breathing, so he was recognized as the wind god rather than the sun god.Because of the worship of Amun and RaLower EgyptThey became more and more popular, and as a result, they were combined to produce the god Amurra, a creator of the sun god.It is difficult to accurately define when this combination occurs, but refer toPyramid Text The earliest time when the name of Amurra appeared inThe Fifth Dynasty。The most common view is that the ruler of Thebes in the New Kingdom invented the god Amunrah and regarded it as the new national god in order to unite the followers of Amur God who had been worshipped by the old god La since the 18th Dynasty.Amon-Ra God is crowned by worshippersJupiterThe official title of the god, after the merger, looks like a man with red eyes and a lion head surrounded by a sun plate.
Atum and Atum Ra
Atum ·Ra (or Ra Atum) is another god composed of two completely different gods, but Ra and Atum share more similarities than Amun.Atum is more closely related to the sun, and is also one of the nine godsGod of Creation。Both Ra and Atum are regarded as the fathers of gods and pharaohs, and they are widely worshipped.In older myths, Atum created Tefnut and Shu, and he himself was the god of primitive water and the seaNuen(Nun).
Ra Horakhty
At a later stageEgyptian mythologyIn Chinese, La Halahuti is a combination of more titles or images than gods.It means to pull Horus on the horizon.The purpose is to connect Halahuti (Horus facing the sunrise) to La.It is believed that La Harahuti only refers to the journey from the horizon (east) to the horizon (west) as the sun, or refers to La God as a symbol of hope and rebirth.(See the previous chapter: Pull God and the Sun).
Khepri and Khnum
Hepple represents the sunrise in the morningScarab, sometimes expressed as the morning pull god.Similarly, the ram god Henum is regarded as the night god Ra.The concept that Ra Shen takes charge of different times in a day with different appearances (or different faces of Ra Shen) is quite common, but it changes.Hepur and Henum are in charge of sunrise and sunset successively, while Ra is the noon when the sun reaches its highest point in the daytime.Sometimes, the different appearances of Horus are often used to replace the different appearances of Ra Shen.
Raet Tawy
Raet or Raet Tawy is the female side of Lashen;She is not much independent of his significance.In some myths, she is regarded as either the wife of Ra Shen or his daughter.
Sehmet is another daughter of Ra, and she is depicted as a lioness orBig CatAnd it is the eye of God.
There is a myth that because Sehmet was full of anger, Ra Shen had to turn her into a cow to avoid unnecessary harm.
Another myth tells that God La feared that human beings were plotting against him, so he sent Hathor (another daughter of God La) to destroy human beings.But Sehmet finished this task in the morning, and mistakenly drank a lot of blood like drinks in the middle of the frenzy. It turned out that Lashen was afraid that she was too intoxicated with killing and had to intoxicate her with beer soaked with red paint.
Hathor is another daughter of Ra.When Ra Shen feared that human beings were plotting against him, he prepared to send Hathor as the "eye of Ra Shen" to destroy human beings, but later Ra Gai sent Sehmet to complete this task.
In a myth, Hathor danced naked in front of Ra Shen, which made him laugh and relieved his boredom.Once Hathor left Ra Shen, he would fall into depression and sadness.
Maat
Mat is another daughter of God La, GuEgyptian mythologyTruth andGoddess of Justice。Mat played an important role in the trial of Duat in the underworld. Ancient Egyptians believed that people would be judged by the gods after death. On one end of the scale was the heart of the dead, and on the other end was a statue of Mat or her symbol ostrich feathers as weights.If the heart is lighter or heavier than a feather, the deceased is innocent;Otherwise, it means guilt, crocodile and lion monsterAmitWill devour the dead.
Puta（TaiwanAlso translatedPtah）It is rarely mentioned in the ancient kingdom pyramid literature.It is said that this is because most of the main authors of these documents are worshippers of the god La of Heliopolis, who oppose the idea that some people believe Puta created La.
Isis often conspires against Ra Shen. She wants her sonhorus Take power.
In a myth, Isis fabricated a poisonous snake by mixing soil with the saliva of Ra Shen and attacked him when he was patrolling. She asked Ra Shen to tell her her real name before she gave him the antidote.Larsen worried that onceOwn secretWhen disclosed to Isis, she will use all her strength to fight against him and let her husband Osiris take the throne.In the end, God gave in under the pain of snake venom, and Isis achieved his wish.
Apep, also known as Apophis, the god of chaos, is the greatest enemy of Ra.He once said that he was dormant below the horizon and wanted to swallow Ra Shen who had fallen into Hades.When he devours Ra, it will lead to the setting of the sun. After completely swallowing Ra, night will come.But he never succeeded in swallowing Ra Shen. Anyway, he always vomited Ra Shen - and therefore, the sun would rise every day as usual.
