Abstract art refers to any art that simplifies or completely withdraws the description of real natural objects. Its aesthetic content is expressed by the form combination or structure of form, line and color.Sometimes the theme of abstract art is real, but it is difficult to recognize the original appearance due to excessive stylization, fuzziness, overlapping coverage or decomposition to the basic form.The partial decomposition of the theme in this way is called semi abstract art（semiabstract）；The complete abandonment of real objects is called non realistic art（nonrepresentational）Or non representational art.Wassily Kandinsky （Wassily Kandinsky，1866－1944）Take the leadUsing this word, he made a picture in 1910painting in water coloursIt was recognized by some authoritative scholars as the first abstract painting in a complete sense.Since the Neolithic Age, it has appeared in works of art ordecorative artThe abstract elements or tendencies in theArt History。However, the abstract style became an aesthetic criterion, but by the early 20th centuryPablo Picasso （Pablo Picasso，1881—1973）George Blake(Georges Braque, 1882-1963)CubismThe movement (cubism) started after the development.In the important stage of the early development of abstract art, there are still othersNetherlandsOfNew Stylism(NEOPLASTICISM) andRussiaOfSupremacism。[1]
The original meaning of the word "abstract" refers to the abandonment of non essential factors of things and the extraction of essential factors.Some original artworks and most of themarts and crafts worksAs well as calligraphy, architecture and other artistic styles, in terms of the deviation between their images and natural objects, they should belong to abstract art.But as a consciousArtistic trendThe abstract art ofEurope and America。manyModernismArt genreasAbstract expressionism、Cubism、TahitianismAll are affected by this.
Abstract art is related tofigural art The relative name can also be called non representational art.It is characterized by the lack of depiction and the use of emotional methods to express concepts and paint. This method is basically expressionist realism, which was first seen in Kandinsky's works.It is a fusion of various anti traditional artistic influences, especially from Fauvism and Cubism.
Picasso thought that "abstract" art did not exist, but that some people emphasized style and others emphasized life.In Michel Sever's view, abstract art is: "I call all art without any reminding, without any recollection of reality - whether this reality is the starting point of the painter or not - abstract art.
In fact, Fauvism and Cubism promoted the independent development of form and color.It was Kandinsky who further discovered its mystery. In 1910, he painted the first decidedly abstractpainting in water coloursIt is a dynamic overlap without concrete desireColor spot。Kandinsky's creative invention obtained aesthetic enlightenment from music, and then the Czech Kupka directly obtained inspiration from music for abstract artistic creation.They called him the ancestor of musicianist painters, and later they formedAbstractionism。
Chinese origin
Kandinsky abstract painting
Before the western concept of easel abstract art was introduced to China,Chinese historyThe word "abstract" has never appeared in the written records of, and the Chinese character translation of the word "abstract" was transferred from Japan.
stayChinese charactersHistorically, intention, image, image and super image (beyond image,Si KongtuThe meaning of () is the closest to abstract.Meaning can be interpreted as artistic conception, meaning, idea, idea, etc“Liangyi gives birth to four elephants”"The elephant is invisible". The image is the physical image, appearanceMental imageAnd the organic unified system of language image synthesis.Compared with abstract, the word "super image" transcends physical images, images rather than concrete images, and may be more appropriate to "abstract" than abstract.However, over the past 100 yearsChinese cultureThe concept of the word "abstract" of the language family has long been established, and it is no longer necessary for the latecomers to change such an established fact.
Development history
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AbstractAesthetic conceptFirst seen in the German philosopher WWallingerHis book "Withdrawal and Emotional Shift".He believes that:artistic creationIn addition to the impulse of emotional displacement, there is another impulse that is opposite to it, which is the "tendency of withdrawal".The reason for the withdrawal is that there is conflict between people and the environment. People feel the vastness of space and the disorder of phenomena. They are psychologically afraid of space and feel difficult to settle down.Since people's minds cannot find peace in the changeable external phenomena, they can only find solace in the form of art.Since people can'tobjective thingsGet aesthetic enjoyment in order to try to change the objective image from its changeablechanceIt is liberated in the abstract form to make it have permanent value.Wallinger's theory influenced expressionist painters including W. Kandinsky.
The earliest abstract painting was painted by Kandinsky around 1910.Wallinger, a friend of Kandinsky, actively supported the expressionist movement and expanded its influence.
The emergence of abstractionism is not only due to escapism, but also due to the promotion of industry, science and technology.Modern architecture and environment require more general, concise and simplifiedartistic formAdapt to it;The speed, strength and efficiency of machine operation are abstract factors for vision, which stimulate artists to doAbstract beautyThe attempt of creation and the emergence of abstract art are supplements to realistic art.Abstract art, which does not aim at depicting specific objects, conveys various emotions, stimulates people's imagination and enlightens people's thinking through lines, colors, blocks, shapes and composition.
Abstract art from primitive art, medievalReligious art、AfricaandOceaniaArt, oriental characters and calligraphy have absorbed nourishment and adapted to the 20th century from Chinese philosophy of Laozi and Zhuangzi, Buddhism and Zenwestern philosophy And peoplementalityThe concept of.Many abstract works show escapism and socialnihilismHowever, some works reflect people's longing for a better future, with positive, enterprising and optimisticThoughts and feelings。
Most abstract works focus on the unique creation of art forms.
the First World WarThe most abstract artists before and afterRepresentativenessKandinsky, a Russian, and P. Mondrian, a Dutch, and hisStyle school。The former is mainly lyric abstract artists, while the latter has opened up the road of geometric abstractionism.RussiaKazimir Malevich Represented bySupremacismAnd relatedConstructivismIt is also a faction of geometric abstractionism.The French Orpussianism, which came into being after Cubism, is actually an abstraction that pays attention to light and color.
The Tahitianism that emerged in Europe in the 1930s and 1940s is an abstract school that pays attention to the beauty of patterns and texture formed by accidental smearing, stains and traces.
Abstract expressionism, which appeared in the United States in the mid-1940s, is an abstract art combining the automatic techniques of surrealism, represented by J. Pollock.The emergence of abstract expressionism in the United States and EuropePost painterly abstractionIn fact, it is the contemporary development of geometric abstraction.Because it is relatively regular and clearShapingAnd clear edgeAbstract painting, so it is called hard edged abstraction by American critics.
To sum up all kinds of abstract art in Europe and America in the 20th century, those that focus on emotional expression are called lyrical abstract orThermal abstraction；Anything that focuses on the expression of ideas is called rational abstraction or cold abstraction.
Abstractism has its unique value and limitations. It can only exist as a form of expression, and can never be takenrealismInstead.Some western abstract theorists, who advocate that realism is outdated and abstract doctrine represents the direction of art development, are not in line with the actual situation.
Abstract is concreteRelative conceptIs to draw out the common points of many things and synthesize them into a new concept, which is called abstraction.Abstract paintingAbstract Painting generally refers to the painting style in the 20th century that wanted to break away from imitating nature. It contains a variety of schools, not the name of a certain school: its formation came through long-term continuous evolution.But no matter what its faction, its common characteristic is to try to break the natural imitation of paintingtraditional ideas。In the 1930s and after World War II, various forms derived from abstract concepts became the most popular and distinctive artistic style in the twentieth century.And contemporaryModern ChinaAbstract art and the development of contemporary Chinese abstract traditional painting are mainly two situations.One is the exogenous contemporary abstract art of "integration of China and the West", which mainly refers to the exogenous reference to the WestContemporary ArtChinese style of systemmodern artAnd contemporary art;One isEndogenesisChinese abstract traditional Chinese painting art under the "post traditional Chinese painting" art movement of China.
main features
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essence
Abstraction is the space concept of the universe, and eternity is cosmicTime concept。Abstraction and eternity constitute the essence of space and time in the universe.
Abstraction is the original ecology of the universe, born before human beings.The universe is composed of composition (interstellar relationship), color (natural color of the universe), point (star), line (star track, meteor and light), surface（Cosmic space）, Texture（GalaxyOr the surface of a planet).
Sky, clouds, lightning, water waves, rock crevices, grass stems, marshes, leaf veinsZebra pattern、tiger stripe, butterfly patterns, many of nature's pictures and details are abstract.In human lifeHemogramCells, genes, pupils, skin color and fingerprints are also abstract.Particles, protons, neutronsquark, are abstract.
Abstract is the natural essence of the universe and also humanKnow the worldA visual way of.Humans can feel the universe through abstract reading.Appreciating abstract beauty is human's innate ability, human's talent, and human's indispensable way of life.
Range
Abstract painting on the world shelf started from Kandinsky 100 years ago.Before Kandinsky, the words "abstract art" and "abstract painting" had not appeared in the world.However, this does not mean that before him, abstract symbols and patterns did not occur in the world.Humansolar systemOnly a few hundred years ago, but the solar system has existed for an eternity.In the same way, we can only say that abstract painting on the world cognition frame started from Kandinsky. However, human abstract culture andartistic creationIt has a history of thousands of years.
The universe is originally abstract.Human beings have the talent of abstract aesthetics and abstract artistic creation.
In China's 5000 year history, abstract symbols, abstract elements, abstract forms, abstract decoration, and abstract aesthetics are everywhere.From the early human graffiti, painted pottery patterns, tile patterns, oracle bone nicks, bronze casting patterns, clothing wearing, to the latergarden design , stone decorations, brackets, embroidery, seal cutting calligraphy, playing with jade and admiring stones all reveal the intertwined and entangled origin of life and abstract aesthetics.Chinese people have created and appreciated abstract beauty for thousands of years.China is a country with a long history of splendid abstract culture.
No Western abstractionArt historyThe universe is still abstract, and human abstract aesthetics and abstract creation are still abstract.Therefore, even if we do not know and understand abstract art from the history of western art, but from the origin of the universeEssence of lifeTo understand abstract art with talent can also find ways to understand and interpret abstract art.
understand
features
Abstract art isNo subjectThe art without logic and story is the feeling of life beyond experience, which is through abstract colors, linesColor blockConstitute an artistic way to express and describe human nature.
The pursuit of abstract artOriginalityAnd take innovation as the only art.Abstract art should challenge experience and the world to create new and beautiful pictures that have never been seen before.
We often feel that abstract art is unacceptable and unreasonable, and we will sigh that abstract art works are surprisingly strange and obscure.In fact, all this is due to the contradiction between experience and imagination.You should know that art is not a concrete material display, but an abstract feeling process, an activity of subjective consciousness.The originality of abstract art gives us the mostActivity space, feelingArtistic talentBecome the best enjoyment.
Abstract art pays more attention to form than content.The form can vary greatly, and can be bright.Abstract painting also emphasizesPainting languageThe purity of painting form, without any experience.Do not imitate any existing creation, deliberatelyVisual space, create a unique painting languageArtistic symbolTo complete the painter's life experience of art.
The world of abstract art is an ethereal world, a free and uncertain world, and the language in this world is closer to the language in the soul of life.Therefore, when reality restricts the mind and vision with accurate dimensions and standards, the endless roaming of abstract art and the time-space induction without walls provide a new platform for modern people's aesthetic appreciation, activate modern people's curiosity and innovation consciousness, and people are willing to weave their own aesthetic network on the platform provided by abstract art to build a color world that belongs to their own souls.
figurative artIt is an experience art, a rational and logical art. Appreciation has become a habit, so there are few aesthetic barriers.Abstract art isirrationalThere is neither theme nor story, and it is entirely up to the aestheticcreative ability The ability of thinking and imagination is the only way to complete aesthetics, so abstract art has a particularly high demand on aestheticians.In front of color lines, everyone's answer is different, and different answers are different thoughts.It is difficult for a person without creative thinking to understand the mystery of abstract art.
Elegant art
Popularizing art isPopular ArtAbstract art is an elegant art.The original intention of art may be just to play, to vent easily, to be naughty, and to discover in a form.It is the society that makes art become a memorandum of life and shoulder the responsibility that should be borne by politics alone.Abstract art makes art return to humanity.Focus on the development of human nature that has not yet been developedthe subconsciousAnd imagination space.Human needs are divided into low-level needs (food and clothing), secondary low-level needs (material display: such as luxury houses, cars), and high-level needs: artistic enjoyment: music, painting, etc.
Abstract art, as a high-level life enjoyment, will undoubtedly receive more and more attention and discovery.
Abstract art conforms to the aesthetic view and creative desire of modern people, modern home decoration space, modernLife philosophyClothing taste elements are the prerequisite for the development of abstract art.More and more independentvalue judgment OfHigh IQCrowds will be abstractArt consumptionThe mainstream of people, they do not meet the reality of space, need to imagine space, to completeAesthetic spiritSearch on.（Xu Demin）Western abstraction
The abstract painting on the shelf ismodern artPart of it is developed and started together with modern art.
Modern art started in Europe in the mid-19th centuryimpressionismStart.In the WestArt HistoryIn the textbook, the epoch-making works of modern art were created by Manet in 1863《Lunch on the grass》。Monet is the most representative impressionist painter. The name "impression" of impressionism comes from his works in 1872《Impression · Sunrise》。
Post impressionismOne of the representatives ofCezanne He is the first painter to bring modernist art from concrete to abstract form.Cezanne's understanding of color is the most incisive among modern painters.He believes that for a painter, only color is real.His understanding of "reducing nature to three basic shapes of cylinder, cone and sphere" influenced the birth of cubism, thus promoting the development of abstract art.Cezanne is the western modern in the sense of theoryformalismAs the originator of mainstream art, it is honored as "the father of modern art".
From Cezanne, abstract painting has sprouted in theory and practice,CubismThe emergence of, let abstract painting have the opportunity of expression and exertion.At first, abstract painting and concrete painting were mixed together, that isSemiabstractOf.There are some images on the screen, but these images are throughGeometryIt is not purely abstract.Even some paintings that are purely expressed in the form of geometry and color will use some concrete symbols to express a symbolic meaning.The emergence of cubism greatly shortened the steps towards abstract art, and directly led to two major schools of abstract painting (hot abstract andCold abstraction）The birth of.
Mondrian, a Dutch artist, accepted the painting concept of cubism in Paris in 1911, and evolved cubism into geometric abstract painting with its own distinctive characteristics.Mondrian believes that,plastic artsIt shows two tendencies: realism and abstractionism. The former is our ownAesthetic emotionThis aesthetic emotion is aroused by the appearance of nature and life.The latter is an abstract expression of color, shape and space, which is expressed by a more abstract means, and is often a few shapes of shape and space, with the purpose of creating a new reality.
In general, abstract art has the following three characteristics: First, it seems ordinary, simple and even clumsy, but it is very vivid;2、 People, scenery, and objects are interesting and thought-provoking;3、 It conveys, which is popular and can be seen by illiterate peopleGreat spirit。
There are also three connotations: first, abstract paintings do not depict or represent the objective image of the real world, nor reflect real life;Secondly, there is no painting theme, no logical story and rational interpretation, neither expressing thoughts nor conveying personal emotions;Third, purely bycolourThe visual form of dot, line, surface, texture, composition and combination.
representative figure
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wassily kandinsky
Kandinsky, born in 1866Moscow，undergraduate majorIt is law and economy.Later, he received a doctor's degree and taught in a university.At the age of 30, in order to learn painting, he gave up his position as a law professor and came toMunichAfter studying in Academy of Fine Arts, he became a professional painter.Kandinsky's early paintings experiencedimpressionism、Neo impressionism、FauvismAnd finally, atFauvismInspired by color and music, Kandinsky created works named after "composition", "improvisation" and "lyricism".So as to create the world's first picture on the shelfAbstract painting。
Mondrian
Mondrian(1872-1944), bornNetherlands，New StylismThe representative of.He began to learn painting at the age of 14, and became a middle school art teacher at the age of 20. He began to paint, and has receivedimpressionism, Symbolism andPost impressionismImpact.Mondrian's entry into abstract painting was directly influenced by Picasso and Blake's earlyCubismThe work was stimulating. In 1911, he accepted the cubist painting concept in Paris and began to paint with cubism.
Kazimir Malevich
Kazimir Malevich （1878——1935），Russiapainter,SupremacismFounder of art.Together with Kandinsky and Mondrian, they became early geometryAbstractionismThe three of them are called the troika of abstract art.
Malevich's White on White 1918&amp
After so many years, Malevich's works are still surprising for their simplicity.His works have opened up a vast world for the art world in the 20th centuryDadaismTo laterMinimalismEven today's minimalism is related to his concept of "supremacy".
Kupuka
Kupuka(1871-1957) Born inCzech Republic。He was not only the founder of "geometric abstraction", but also an abstract painter as famous as Kandinsky in Paris.Absolute abstract symbols appeared in his illustrations around 1900.His mature abstract paintings appeared almost simultaneously with Kandinsky in 1910.
delaunay
Deloney, 1930
delaunay (1885-1941) Born in Paris, he was influenced by the Impressionism. His works emphasize light and color, and color is for color.He decomposed light into seven colors of the rainbow, and used structural methods to reassemble different colors.Delaunay is always fascinated by color and light. He has integrated the color theory of new impressionism, the bold treatment of the Fauvism, the space and form of cubism, and formed a new style called Orphemism.His colorful works are of great significance to the formation of pure abstractionism, a modern art style.
Miro
Miro's "Blue 2" 1961 oil painting
Miro (1893-1983) was born in Spain, and was as famous as Picasso as a Spanish painter.commonlyHistory of Western ArtWill classify him intoSurrealismGenre.Miro's works are not pure abstract paintings, but symbolically represent the world in his heart.He acceptedOriental CultureAnd he put a lot of oriental symbol elements into his art, making his works have the mystery of oriental culture and surreal fantasy.Miro inherits Kandinsky's formal aesthetics of point, line and plane. Many of his abstract works are the deduction of point, line and plane theories.Mirao's paintings are characterized by mysterious symbols, enchanting lines, simple and eager colors, psychedelic and childlike emotions, abstract artistic conception and surreal experience.
Roscoe
Roscoe(1903-1970) Born in Russia.Immigrant to the United States at the age of ten.Once inYale UniversityAfter a short art training, I went to the studio of the same generation of painters to learn painting.Although he was influenced by surrealist works in his early yearsExpressionismThe technique of creation gradually transited to abstraction.Until 1947, it developed into a completely abstract expressionist style, with the combination of two or three rectangles, leaving a fuzzy boundary at the edge, making a plane differentGamutThere is a different spaceCold abstractionIn the background, the color gamut with fuzzy boundaries has a sense of levity, free breathing and quiet meditation, giving people dual color personality and impression.Roscoe isAmerican Abstract ExpressionismThe leader of the color gamut school in the school, although he himself does not recognize this division.
De Kooning
De Cunning's works
De Cunning (1904-1997) was born in the Netherlands.In his early years, he studied in the local art institute and was influenced by expressionist painters.In 1926, as apainterHe went to the United States and began to try to create abstract paintings in 1934.In the 1950s, he became the leader of American abstract expressionism.De Cunning's creation focuses on three series: abstract, women and men. Among them, the women series is the most famous. In fact, it is almost consistent with his painting career.
Vasarelli (1908-1997) isHungaryA native French artist.In his youth, he studied at Budapest National Art School.At the age of 22, he settled in Paris and began to engage in advertising and decorationArtistic creation。Since the 1940s, he has devoted himself to light effect painting andPerceptual theoryResearch.He made a serious study of the works and theories of Mondrian and Kandinsky, as well as the development history of color theory, perception and illusion, and gradually developed his own artistic schema andmode of artistic creation。He used various design methods to create the illusion of movement and deformation in abstract organizations.He has made contributions to the development of almost every design method of light effects.
Pollock
Pollock (1912-1956) was born in the United States.Is world famousAction paintingartist.
On November 3, 2006,Jackson Pollock A work of《No. 5 in 1948》Auction of global paintingsMaximum price, amounting to 140 million US dollars (about 109.6 million euros).In thisworld recordBefore its birth, most people in China probably knew nothing about Pollock.Pollock was a very controversial painter both before and after his death.He was born in 1912Western United StatesIn 1943, the first painting exhibition was held, and only one small painting was sold, which disappointed Pollock.The public opinion's comments on him are also two extremes. One side extremely belittles him, "This guy is crazy and unbearable!" The other side highly praises him and believes that a genius after Picasso and Milo was born.A pioneering artist will be doubted and demoted by the tradition at the beginning of his success, and Pollock, who is naturally free and unrestrained, was doubted by that era.
In 1946, Pollock began to use the "dripping and sprinkling method" to create something similarChinese PaintingInSplash ink(He is also influenced by oriental culture, especiallyChinese calligraphy One of the influential abstract painters) is to dilute the color of the oil painting or directly use paint, and drop or sprinkle it on the canvas with a pen or spoon.Pollock's drip painting method hidesDramaticThe accidental effect of the painting is passionate and full of the freedom, tension and wildness of color. In addition, he does not stick to the same pattern. In the process of painting, "all the sand, broken glass and sundries dare to enter the painting.".In the seemingly random sprinkling, the wild and tense color lines have their own logic, and the painter also improvises and deliberately arranges the rhythm of visual music while moving.The originality of his work techniques and the alternative visual effects brought great shock to the American art in the 1950s, which was regarded as an American abstraction free from European influenceArt AgeThe beginning of is the symbol of American freedom spirit.As a result, he became one of the most influential artists in the 20th century.
The first picture
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The world's first abstract easel painting&amp
Kandinsky (1866-1944), 100 years ago, the world's first easel abstract painting was born from an accidental "subversion".Kandinsky, a Russian, saw a "strange" painting in his studio, which was very wonderful and spectacular.When I walked forward, I knew that it was my painting that was upside down on the wall. After it was straightened out, the exciting picture disappeared.He gets inspiration from it. The concrete makes the picture mediocre and ordinary, while the abstract makes the picture full of vividness and beauty.Before that, human creation and aesthetics of abstraction were also attached to other forms. It was Kandinsky who started to make abstract aesthetics becomeEasel artThe subject of (painting).He created an abstract painting named "improvisation" in 1910, which is regarded as the first pure abstract painting in human history.
Kandinsky's early abstractions were all free abstractions, also known as lyrical abstractions, characterized by very random composition and color, often improvised, free and unrestrained.Lyrical abstraction emphasizes immanenceFree personalityAnd maintain the right to express strong emotions that can disintegrate the shape.After 1921, Kandinsky transformed from free lyrical abstraction to geometric abstraction, and composed painting with precise geometry and points, lines, and planes. In 1926, he published another abstract art monograph, Point, Line, and Plane, thus establishing his academic status as the father of abstract art.
Kandinsky's contribution to abstract painting is enormous. His research and practice on form has opened up a broad road for future generations, and made abstract painting sweep the entire western art world in a short time, becoming the most tenacious art in 100 years.
Branch type
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Since the first abstract work came into being in 1910, it has developed rapidly in the West, deriving many forms and becoming the main body of abstract art.
Cubism Branch
The branches of cubism are:
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1. Use light to smash the substance of objects to show modern feeling and speedFuturism（1909-1915）
2. Use iron wire, glass, metal sheet and other materials to form a non image image with long, square, round and straight linesConstructivism（1913-1917）
4. CompletelyTricolororBlack and white grayNew Stylism of the Picture Composed of Right Angle Color Blocks and Straight Lines (1917)
5. Oppose reproduction of nature, but also proceed from nature to abstractSpecific art(1920s)
6. Use flat colored ribbons or color surfaces to form an increasingly simple, pure graphic abstractionformalism(1950s and 1970s), such asHard edged art, color surface art, minimum art, etc
7. UseGeometry, causing visual errors through artificial light color processingoptical art(1960s), etc
Expressionist branch
Derived from Fauvism and Expressionism:
1. Using lines, traces and spots as symbols to reflect the author's subconscious sense of selfAbstract expressionism(1940s)
2. On the canvas, the writer expresses himself unconsciously by colorsaction painting (1945-1955), etc
In the short development process of abstractionism, the works have shown enough internal beauty andexpressivenessAnd involves painting, sculpture andindustrial artAnd other fields, but inAesthetic standardsBring about confusion or disagreement.
Hot cold abstraction
Abstract art on shelves has produced manyAcademic school。There are three main categories: hot abstraction, cold abstraction and intermediate abstraction (between cold and hot).
Mondrian's Composition
Thermal abstraction, also known as lyrical abstraction, perceptual abstraction.The main schematic features are irregular color combination and freePoint line faceRelationship and spatial layout.Pure thermal abstraction has no trace of nature.But some hot abstractions include landscapes, wind and cloudmistForm of.Because color flow is influenced by natureGravity of the earthThere are two reasons: top and bottom center of gravity.Color and lines are also close to nature.The source of thermal abstraction theory also started from Cezanne's color theory, experienced the play of Matisse's Fauvism, and finally was "initiated" by Kandinsky in 1910.
Cold abstraction, also known as geometric abstraction and rational abstraction.The main schematic features are the regular interlacing of points, lines, surfaces and textures, symbol repetition or regular composition.The representative figures are Dutch Mondrian and Russian Malevich.It was around 1912.In cold abstraction, there is also a distinction between minimalism andMinimalism。Extremism is the dense repetition of symbols or the arrangement of lines and interlacing complexity.Minimalism is consistent with minimalism, which is symbolic, simple and lively.
Intermediate abstraction is also called cold and hot abstraction and warm abstraction.It is the synthesis of hot abstraction and cold abstraction, and takes the middle road of combining cold abstraction and hot abstraction.Half cold and half hot.It is often a combination of free color and geometric lines.
Semiabstract, not completely abstract image painting, there are some concrete elements in the picture.There are also some non thematic, irrational paintings with concrete traces, also known as semi abstract paintings.
Topic discussion
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In fact, since the 1980s,Chinese abstract paintingThe development ofFrame of reference。internal causeAfter the end of the "Chinese Cultural Revolution" in 1976,art circleStart from“Cultural Revolution Art”To break away from the stereotype of art serving politics andMainstream ideologyOfCultural functionAnd gradually restore the freedom of creation of artists and rebuild the noumenon value of artistic independence.external causeSince 1978, the Chinese government has implemented the policy of "reform and opening up"Economic development strategyThe economic reform accompanied by "emancipating the mind" is bound to face learning from the West in the fields of culture and art.It is in this context that the emergence of abstract painting in China has at least dual significance: first, it can restore the creative freedom of artists and reshape the noumenon value of art.The other is that the western abstract art itself hasElitism、IndividualismTherefore, the emergence of abstract painting in China from the very beginning also has the cultural enlightenment color of rebelling autocracy, longing for liberation, and calling for freedom.
Although Chinese abstract painting has a reference frame of western abstract artChinese society, politics, economyCultural contextChinese abstract painting has its own value of art history and unique cultural significance since its inception.
Abstract painting in the early 1980s easily developed a new kind ofSpiritual value——The rebellious nature of avant-garde.In other words, the artist's choice of abstract painting actually means that he has chosen "rebellion".Because abstract art betrays the traditional painting modeaesthetic taste The rejection of "" adds a spiritual added value to abstract art - the marginal identity against the mainstream, which also adds the avant-garde characteristics of abstract art.For abstract painting and fine arts in this periodcriticYi Ying"No matter from any angle, abstract art is not an art problemChinese Abstract ArtFirst, asideologyResulting from.Whether abstract art itself is pure, its composition and performance, and its education and practice are not important. "
In the mid-1980s, the Chinese art community entered the search for modernism and cultureModernityThe peak stage of construction is known as "New Fashion Art" in history.At this point,Easel paintingA large number of abstract paintings have appeared in many fields of oil painting, ink painting and comprehensive painting, and have entered a diversified languageDevelopment stage, in addition to the WestMondrian、Kazimir Malevich "Structural abstraction" represented by Kandinsky and Pollock“PerformanceIn addition to abstraction, Chinese abstract painting has also widely absorbed the linguistic features of "expressionism" and "surrealism", and has really realized the great integration of abstraction and expression.[2]
Of course, the pursuit of cultural modernity embodied by abstract art is only the whole Chinese culture in the 1980senlightenment campaignA branch of.With a series of political movements and economic reforms that took place in China in the late 1980s and early 1990s, abstract painting since the 1990s has finally taken on a new look due to the transformation of the cultural scene at that time.
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Late 1980sCentral Academy of Fine ArtsThe fourth studio has stepped out of the contemporary eraAbstract oil paintingA very representative generationZhang Fangbai、Korean ChineseAnd other leading figuresOil painterIt has injected new elements into the contemporary oil painting art, and at the same time, the four studios are opening the chapterWen Lipeng、Ge PengrenWith the efforts of teachers, we have constantly created more creative abstract artists in the field of Chinese oil painting art.In the context of contemporary culture, the meaning of the existence of abstract painting has changed greatly.It is not only different from the form rebellion in the early 1980s, but also different from the pursuit of cultural modernity by "trendy art", and more similar to the 1990sglobalizationNo expression seeking localization in the contextDirect contactOn the contrary, in modern timesMulticulturalismIn the pursuit of abstract artCore valuesIt is more about a personalized expression and its impact on artAutonomy、Individuality, the defense of independence.As a result, abstract art has directly interacted with China's contemporary culture with its diverse forms of development, such as expressive abstraction, formal abstraction, structural abstraction, and diversified cultural pursuits, such as the defense of individual freedom, the pursuit of cultural modernity, and reflection on global culture and local consciousness,Its form value and its own cultural significance should be clarified and affirmed.
