Wholesale and retail

Links in the process of socialized mass production

Collection

zero Useful+1

zero

Wholesale and retail Socialized mass production The important link in the process is to determine the economy running speed The guiding force of quality and efficiency is one of the most market-oriented and competitive industries in China. from Macroeconomy In terms of trend, Resident income It is relatively fast horizontally Ascending stage 。 In the long run, China Resident consumption There is considerable room for development both in terms of total volume and structure, which provides a good medium and long term for the development of China's wholesale and retail industry Macro environment 。

On January 18, 2024, the National Bureau of Statistics released data that, through preliminary accounting, China's wholesale and retail industry GDP in 2023 will be 12307.2 billion yuan, an increase of 6.2% over the same period of the previous year.^[2]

Chinese name: Wholesale and retail
Definition: Socialized mass production Important links in the process

Decision: Economic operation speed 、 quality
Provide: Good medium and long-term macro environment

catalog

Basic information

Announce

edit

Concept definition

According to the National Bureau of Statistics《 Industrial classification of national economy 》(GB/T4754-2002) standard, the wholesale and retail industry includes 2 categories, 18 categories and 92 categories. See the annex for details.

Wholesale refers to the wholesale Retail unit And other enterprises, institutions and government agencies Means of production Activities, and engaging in Import and export trade And trade brokerage and agency activities. Wholesalers can own the ownership of the goods they wholesale and conduct trading activities in the name of their own units and companies; You can also act as an agent seller without the ownership of the goods; It also includes various commodities wholesale market Wholesale activities at fixed stalls.

Retail refers to the purchase of goods from industrial and agricultural producers, wholesale trade or residents and resale to urban and rural residents as Living consumption And sold to social groupings As Public consumption Of Commodity circulation enterprises 。 It is department store 、 supermarket , Specialized Retail Stores 、 Brand store , stalls, etc End consumer (such as residents). Including Internet, postal service, telephone and sales Freighter And other sales activities. It also includes stores in the same location, which are processed and produced in the back and sold in the front (such as bakery ）。

Among our customers, 45% are engaged in wholesale and retail industry, including those engaged in the sales of clothing, books, building materials and other products.

Wholesale and retail business above designated size: a demarcation line stipulated by the local government according to the number of employees and sales volume. For example, wholesale business above designated size in a city refers to Employees at the end of the year 20 persons or more, with annual sales of 20 million yuan or more; The retail trade above the quota refers to that there are 60 or more employees at the end of the year, and the annual sales amount is 5 million yuan or more. Each city has a different quota.

Main features

Announce

edit

retail

① The trading partner is the final consumer who purchases goods for direct consumption, including individual consumers and Group consumers 。 Consumers buy goods from retailers not for resale or production, but for their own consumption.

② Retail trade Subject matter There are not only goods, but also labor services, that is, to provide customers with various services, such as delivery, installation, maintenance, etc. With the intensification of market competition, pre-sales, in sales and after-sales services provided by retail have become an important means or field of competition.

③ Retail trade Trading volume Sporadic, frequent transactions, each time Turnover Small, the number of non transactions accounts for a large proportion, which is the definition of retail. Just because the average transaction volume of retail trade is small and the transaction frequency is frequent, retailers must strictly control the inventory.

④ Retail trade is subject to Consumer purchase behavior The impact is relatively large. The target of retail trade is the final consumer, and most consumers are impulsive or emotional when purchasing goods. Faced with this Randomness purchasing behavior Apparent consumers and retailers should pay special attention to stimulating consumers' Desire to buy And needs and interests, we must have our own Business characteristics In order to attract customers, we should have sufficient stock, rich varieties, complete designs and specifications.

⑤ Retail trade is mostly carried out in stores, with outlets of different sizes and wide distribution. Due to the consumer's Universality 、 Dispersity , diversity and complexity. In order to meet the needs of consumers, it is not enough to rely on only a few retail outlets in a region. Retail outlets must meet the requirements of both scale and layout Consumer needs As a starting point, it can meet the needs of consumers for shopping, sightseeing, browsing, leisure and so on.

⑥ Retail trade must rely on turnover speed to win. Compared with wholesale trade, retail trade has a small transaction volume each time, so we must focus on improving Turnover rate , improve the turnover speed of trade capital, and One time Domestic diplomatic trade Capital turnover It is faster and more efficient to make small profits and quick sales.

For enterprises: (1) enterprises have their own stores, which are directly sold to urban and rural residents for living and consumption goods and social groups Public consumption (such as office supplies, cars, etc.). (2) The enterprise has no stores and sells goods to urban and rural residents for living consumption and social groups for public consumption through online or telephone. (3) Enterprise to hospital, school, etc Non profit organization Chinese and western medicines, medical devices, teaching supplies and equipment sold. In short, retail sales target urban and rural residents and social groups, and the commodities sold are mainly consumer goods or public consumer goods. Common retail industries include Department Store Supermarkets, convenience stores, specialty stores Speciality Store Enterprises mainly selling consumer goods.

Wholesale

Compared with retail, wholesale has the following characteristics:

① The trading volume of the wholesale industry is generally large. Wholesale industry is basically a capital intensive industry. For the wholesale industry, capital is more important than labor, and capital is often the key to the success or failure of wholesalers.

② The wholesale business circle is relatively large. middle-sized and small Wholesale business Generally concentrated in local Small and medium-sized cities , but the business scope will radiate to the surrounding areas; Large wholesale businesses are often distributed in large cities nationwide, and their business scope can cover the entire domestic market, and some can also be carried out Import and export business , which Business circle It can also break through national boundaries.

③ There are relatively few service items. Because wholesale business mainly serves organizational buyers Instead of individual consumers, the service items of the wholesale industry are relatively less than those of the retail industry, focusing on communication, storage and transportation, information, financing and other aspects, which is reflected in the organization to organization services, and transactions often have Rationalization 。

For enterprises: (1) enterprises to sell to national economy Various industries are used for Production and operation 、 Survey and design , scientific research and test, etc. (2) Enterprises to sell to wholesale and retail industry, catering industry and others service trade Mainly used for resale or business, including those sold to foreign trade departments for export or processed for export. (3) Enterprises mainly export commodities directly to foreign countries (borders) and entrust foreign trade departments to export commodities. Wholesale is sold to another enterprise that produces, operates or resells (including direct export commodities). The commodities sold are used for production and operation as well as for living and consumption.

Case description

We use men's fashion casual shoes and Clothing industry Operation channels and Retail channel Analyze to understand the characteristics of these two industries.

from commercial activities In terms of supply, the first and second line Urban sub center , 3 Fourth tier cities Shopping Center（ shopping mall ）The rise of business types, Commercial real estate The supply has increased significantly Scarcity Lower. High quality clothing Brand dealer In these Retail format In the process, the bargaining power is expected to gradually increase.

Men's wear brands are concentrated in big cities such as Beijing and Shanghai. There are 10 to 20 clothing brands on one street. Consumers have a large space to choose and make decisions Slower 。 The Chinese men's fashionable casual shoes and clothing, which are positioned at the middle and high end Consumption capacity Two of the third-class cities Wide distribution of channels will obviously benefit from the Consumption upgrading 。 Develop the second and third line Urban market , to the third and fourth line Channel subsidence , becoming an important development direction for men's fashion casual shoes and clothing brands, and also for Chinese men's wear Brand development Required selections for.

In terms of consumption capacity, the second, third and fourth tier cities middle class and Affluent consumers (especially middle class consumers) Purchasing power More and more strong, more enthusiastic, more willing to increase Consumption expenditure And upgrade consumption.

From the perspective of fashion sensitivity, the third and fourth tier Urban consumers More and more attention personal style , for the most cutting-edge and fashionable Attention Higher and higher. More and more consumers can follow the trend, and more consumers think that the style of products is more important than the function. In some aspects, consumers in third and fourth tier cities are even more than one second-tier cities Of consumers responded more strongly. This shows that the complexity of consumers in third and fourth tier cities economic center The complexity of urban consumers Growth rate Same, even faster. Men's fashion casual shoes and clothing industry closely follow men's clothing industry Fashion trend , product style Design capability It is stronger, so it is more popular with consumers in third and fourth tier cities Market space 。

Customer characteristics

Announce

edit

① Customers can be generally divided according to business types Self operated business and Agency business 。 Self operated business refers to that customers operate certain or several commodities according to their own advantages and expertise, but do not specify brands Product sales If the situation is good, the products will be operated. There will be stable sales channels. Generally, the longer the operation period is, the more stable the business development will be. Agency business refers to the operation of a customer as a primary or secondary agent of a certain or several commodities management model Relatively fixed, Agency contract Generally, there is a sign every year, and there is a certain purchase index every year.

② The credit standing of customers varies greatly. Because of its low operating threshold, Registered capital Less, mostly natural persons Shareholder contribution Of company with limited liability Small scale.

③ The profitability of the industry is generally low. The main income of customers is to earn price difference and commission from the purchase and sale of bulk products. Influenced by upstream and downstream markets, it is widely operated Gross profit Low level.

④ Professional operation and vulnerable to industry boom. The scope of trade products of enterprises is managed Product License The influence of managers' profession and professional circle. Generally, the products and services operated by customers focus on specific industries or Product range , carry out professional operation and bear the boom of the industry Periodic change Pressure.

⑤ High liabilities and high liquidity of assets. Industry customers Asset liability ratio High (the proportion of advance receipts in liabilities is usually high), while in assets fixed assets Less, Net assets Small scale, current assets High proportion, enterprises Asset liquidity High. Generally, customers have abundant operating cash flow, and the high liquidity of assets is due to Short-term Liquidity And cash Solvency Guarantee of.

⑥ The financing demand of customers is mainly short-term demand. Most of the borrowings are used for Capital turnover And business expansion, and the sales amount is bank loans The first source of repayment. industry Seasonality Obviously. The financing demand of customers is often affected by the slack and peak seasons of their operating commodities or the signing of certain contracts. When the peak season comes, the customer will plan to raise funds in advance according to the business situation. After the peak season ends, the customer may have surplus funds for Repayment in advance 。

Basic conditions

Announce

edit

Customers engaged in wholesale and retail business who apply for credit extension in our bank shall not only meet the relevant conditions specified by the Head Office, but also meet the following requirements Basic conditions ：

1. Enterprise (public) legal person registered to engage in wholesale and retail business and qualified in annual inspection;

2. More attention should be paid to those who have operated for more than one year in the local market and have operated for less than three years;

3. Have a stable business style, stable supply and marketing channels and good business records, and provide relevant information on purchase and sales channels;

4. With a real sales background commodity market The situation is relatively stable;

5. Minimum Capital requirements : The proportion of project capital should reach 35% or more;

6. Credit registration through the People's Bank of China Consulting system The inquiry shows that the transaction record with the bank is good. For prohibited customers, the reason for their overdue should be found out. Customers who are overdue due to the annual fee of credit card can be considered as appropriate;

7. The customer provides the guarantee recognized by our bank, only the self owned Real estate mortgage and Leasehold Mortgage;

risk analysis

Announce

edit

Credit Risk point Mainly consider customers Line credit Risks that must be considered or may exist in the link, including customers credit risks Including risk factor 。

Customer credit risk

Because the industry threshold is low, adaptive capacity of an enterprise Weak, good and bad, customer credit risk is mainly reflected Enterprise credit Poor, lacking Performance ability Or will. The customers in this industry are basically lack of professional talents and marketing ability, the scale is small, the operation stability is poor, and the enterprise's Risk resistance Weak; The operation is not standardized, and the statement is not true, which cannot reflect the truth of the enterprise Financial position ； enterprise Information transparency Low, which makes it difficult for the bank to understand the real situation of customer operation; The equity of the company is chaotic. Although it is a limited company registered by several members, it may actually be funded by one member.

Credit risk control measures ：

① Pay attention to the borrower Credit report In Credit record situation. The credit investigation report can reflect the customer's credit card consumption and borrowing, so as to reflect the customer's credit level and monthly repayment. However, due to the time limit or networking, some customers' loan records are not reflected on the above. There was a customer who did fur business before Family assets It is very large, but the monthly daily expenditure has reached 130000 yuan, and the credit record does not show that it has a loan, so it is abnormal for such a large daily expenditure. The compliance review raised this question, but the credit officer did not pay attention during the investigation. Later, the loan officer contacted the customer, who said that he had just bought a house, Monthly payment More than 60000 yuan. The customer provided proof of monthly repayment, which could explain his high expenditure. In addition, for Credit record Customers who are prohibited from entering or concerned should be treated with caution, and the reasons for customers' overdue should be understood in detail. If it is malicious default, the system should be strictly followed.

② Use reasonable data to reflect the customer's Business ability 。 Provided by SMEs financial statements It can not reflect the real financial situation of customers, and more often, it is impossible to make financial statements. Only Cash journal situation. Many customers will not make full use of their opened Corporate account , but to the public individual account Alternate use, cash flow The situation does not reflect its operation. In terms of tax payment, many wholesale and retail customers also make very low monthly profits to avoid taxes, which makes it difficult for us to verify customers' income. Therefore, when investigating wholesale and retail customers, the credit officer should require customers to provide relevant purchase and sales documents to reflect their purchase, inventory and sales, and require customers to provide relevant agents and sales contract To prove that it has a stable purchase and sales channel. For its cash flow, if the customer says that its corporate account is not used very much, then the customer is required to provide the cash flow of the personal account that is mainly used.

③ Pay attention to the equity of customers' enterprises. Small scale limited companies registered by general customers ownership structure Relatively confused, it needs to be analyzed carefully Articles of Association 。 If the client company has several shareholders Joint contribution If it is established, the borrower shall Effective assets and Net profit Segmentation; Some customers also call it registration limited company Two or more people must make joint contributions, so they find relatives or friends, who actually make their own contributions to the registration, so another partner needs to provide proof, otherwise, the effective assets and net profits of the customer should be divided according to their share holdings; If a customer's husband and wife or family members start a company separately, they should focus on the relationship between several companies Related transactions Yes, pay attention to the purpose of customer loans.

Customer market risk

Customer's market risk And operating products market price The fluctuation is proportional. The greater the fluctuation of product market price, the greater the risk that the bank bears, and the fluctuation of market price will cause Product unsalable Or serious losses, which will affect the payment ability and cash flow repayment ability of customers. customer Risk appetite The risks of its operation are different. Risk preference customers are keen on operating products with large price fluctuations, relying on low stock and high shipment to gain profits, and their risks are relatively large. In addition, in the financial tsunami Hong Kong "hit the rocks" under the attack of Retail enterprises It has risen to 7. Among them, in Hong Kong in November 2000 Main board listing Youwei International, swimwear and casual wear manufacturer and retailer Defa Group were liquidated in September“ World War II ”One of the earliest electric appliance stores established in Hong Kong later, Tailin Radio, two factories under Hong Kong toy manufacturer Union Group, Hong Kong watch manufacturer and retailer established in 1983 Yi Jinli Shenzhen factories closed down successively in October. small home appliances Berinda Shenzhen factory then announced to stop operation, and“ Jin Zhizun ”Fall into Financial distress 。 These cases, on the one hand, show that even the best quality enterprises are doomed to be engulfed by the economic crisis, on the other hand, they also show the growing financial crisis Start to Real economy Spread, Global Economic Crisis Force manufacturers and dealers to be quick recoup funds , to make up for production costs Rise RMB appreciation 、 Export tax rebate , inflation and other factors; Retailers have to shorten suppliers in time Payables Of Accounting period , resulting in Capital chain The tension is very serious.

Control measures for market risk:

① Should pay attention to the customer's Risk appetite We should pay attention to the risk of speculative customers. Understand the industry, market trend, and long-term price trend of the product Operation mode And the circulation characteristics of products to judge the degree of market risk.

② We are choosing Target customers It's better to choose products price steadiness Customers with stable supply channels and sales. In principle, the locked products are made of bulk, high liquidity, stable price raw materials and durable Finished products And products with low requirements for storage conditions and easy to move and control. Judging from the situation, textiles, toys, chemical products, steel and other products Price fluctuation Large, customers engaged in sales in related industries should be treated with caution and their daily operations should be carefully investigated.

③ Fresh attention quality guarantee period Risk of goods. In case of trade dispute or poor turnover Cargo right There is self destruction, and the bank loses the first source of repayment; Focus on products with large price changes, and take measures according to market conditions Dynamic management ； The import of production enterprises should be based on the Sales Order Determine reasonable import quota of raw materials.

Customer operational risk

The threshold for entering the wholesale and retail industry is low, and the quality of operators is uneven Customer resources Different businesses have different effects. business risk It mainly reflects whether the customer's own ability can guarantee the normal and continuous operation of the enterprise. From the upstream, it means whether the customer can communicate with supplier Whether there is a stable sales channel from downstream to maintain the continuity of business when signing purchase contracts; The second is the industry's Accounts receivable And the amount of trade payables is relatively large. Due to the customer's default, the accounts receivable form bad debt , resulting in the failure of the enterprise's first source of repayment and the customer's overdue; The third is inventory and Inventory turnover The customers who are engaged in wholesale and retail business will generally choose to stock up when the peak season comes, so as to expand their sales scale, so they will stock up a large number of goods. We should focus on the price risk And turnover.

Operational risk control measures:

① It is necessary to carefully analyze the customer's business ability and Strategic resources 。 When investigating, the loan officer should not only pay attention to the financial data and Collateral We also need to understand the customer's Business Term , analyze the customer's market competition And the future of the enterprise. I worked in Tianyi Market before Cosmetic Bag Our customers, our products profit margin It is not high, but this customer started to do business there when the Tianyi market was just built. The business period is long, there are no merchants operating similar products around, there are stable purchase and sales channels, and the market competition is small, so this customer's business ability is no problem. Another customer is with several friends Partnership establishment Company, making plastics Reverse die For business, I want to set up another company to make a loan from our bank. The customer's business ability and product sales were questioned by the approver, and the credit officer explained that the customer had a stable long-term cooperative relationship with the purchasing company. It was by this relationship that he became a shareholder, and the company's supply of goods throughout the year was provided by him. Moreover, the market of the products is very stable, domestic market The demand for this product is also very strong. Therefore, such customers with purchasing or selling resources have no problem in their business ability.

② Pay attention to the account period and recovery of accounts receivable. We have done a lot of customers Balance Sheet It is very simple, and accounts receivable and payable are not reflected. In fact, there must be many customers in their daily business Receivables And payables, which is the characteristic of the wholesale and retail industry. The customer usually pays the full amount when purchasing from the manufacturer. After payment, before the goods arrive, this amount is counted as advance charge 。 In the wholesale industry, when customers supply goods to supermarkets, restaurants, etc., there is always an accounting period, ranging from one month to several months or even a year. The outstanding payment for goods is a receivable. Product sales revenue It is the customer's first source of income. If the payment for goods cannot be paid back Business turnover Impact. Therefore, when investigating the customer's business situation, it is necessary to know the customer's receivables in detail and whether they can collect the payment for goods in time in the past. In addition, we should also understand Downstream customers , choose to be a customer with long-term cooperation between upstream and downstream.

③ Focus on the inventory scale and history of the customer enterprise Inventory turnover If it is found that the inventory is more affected by the market due to out of season and price changes, it shall be carefully noted. In addition, pay attention to the industry situation of customers' products Management ability 、 Product cost , sales market competitiveness, etc. Previously, he worked as a grain and oil wholesale customer in the Grain Bureau Market situation I know very well and pay attention to the price of grain futures so as to adjust my inventory at any time. He has five sales office , distribution Very scientific , around Beijing, so that it is easy to send products to downstream customers. International food prices are rising, so he wants to borrow money to stock up some more food. Customers who are confident about the market situation of products like this should be doing very well.

Retail development

Announce

edit

Commodity market survey

According to statistics in 2007 data display , 2007 Beijing There are 867 commodity trading markets in the city Turnover It reached 163.14 billion yuan, including 122 markets with a total turnover of 151.23 billion yuan and a very large transaction scale.

Table 1: Basic Information of Beijing Commodity Trading Market in 2007 (Unit: piece)

project	The whole city	Districts	Counties	project	The whole city	Districts	Counties
Total number of commodity trading markets	eight hundred and sixty-seven	eight hundred and nineteen	forty-eight	Coal market	one	one	–
100 million yuan market	one hundred and twenty-two	one hundred and nineteen	three	Timber market	four	four	–
Integrated market	four hundred and eleven	three hundred and eighty-two	twenty-nine	Building materials and decorative materials market	eighty-two	seventy-nine	three
Integrated market of industrial products	eighteen	sixteen	two	Grain and oil market	four	four	–
Comprehensive market of agricultural products	three hundred and ninety-three	three hundred and sixty-six	twenty-seven	Dry and fresh fruit market	two	one	one
Specialized market	three hundred and eighty-six	three hundred and seventy-seven	nine	aquatic product market	three	two	one
Textile, clothing, shoes and hats market	eighty-six	eighty-five	one	Vegetable market	nineteen	eighteen	one
Food, beverage, tobacco and wine market	eleven	eleven	–	Meat, poultry and egg market	one	one	–
Furniture market	thirty	thirty	–	Market of agricultural means of production	one	one	–
fancy fair	forty-five	forty-five	–	Computer market	twelve	twelve	–
Culture, audio and video, books, newspapers and magazines	four	four	–	Communication equipment market	five	five	–
Flea market	twenty-six	twenty-four	two	flower market	eighteen	eighteen	–
Motor vehicle market	seventeen	seventeen	–	Hardware and electricity market	eleven	eleven	–
Metal material market	four	four	–	Other markets	seventy	sixty	ten

Source: Beijing Municipal Bureau of Statistics

Table 2: Turnover of Beijing Commodity Trading Market in 2007 (Unit: 10000 yuan)

project	The whole city	Districts	Counties	project	The whole city	Districts	Counties
Total commodity trading market	sixteen million three hundred and thirteen thousand six hundred and sixty-six	sixteen million one hundred and thirteen thousand eight hundred and forty-five	one hundred and ninety-nine thousand eight hundred and twenty-one	Coal market	two hundred and twelve	two hundred and twelve	–
100 million yuan market	fifteen million one hundred and twenty-two thousand seven hundred and forty-six	fourteen million nine hundred and eighty-nine thousand three hundred and twenty-five	one hundred and thirty-three thousand four hundred and twenty-one	Timber market	five thousand three hundred and one	five thousand three hundred and one	–
Integrated market	seven million nine hundred and fifty-nine thousand seven hundred and fifty-five	seven million eight hundred and seventy-six thousand four hundred and forty-one	eighty-three thousand three hundred and fourteen	Building materials and decorative materials market	eight hundred and sixteen thousand seven hundred and forty-three	eight hundred and seven thousand one hundred and forty-six	nine thousand five hundred and ninety-seven
Integrated market of industrial products	thirty-three thousand three hundred and eighty-four	twenty-nine thousand two hundred and seventy-four	four thousand one hundred and ten	Grain and oil market	five hundred and forty-nine thousand nine hundred and nineteen	five hundred and forty-nine thousand nine hundred and nineteen	–
Comprehensive market of agricultural products	seven million nine hundred and twenty-six thousand three hundred and seventy-one	seven million eight hundred and forty-seven thousand one hundred and sixty-seven	seventy-nine thousand two hundred and four	Dry and fresh fruit market	twenty-five thousand and ninety-eight	twenty-four thousand four hundred and seventy-seven	six hundred and twenty-one
Specialized market	eight million sixty-one thousand five hundred and thirty-four	eight million twelve thousand and forty-three	forty-nine thousand four hundred and ninety-one	aquatic product market	forty-five thousand nine hundred and forty-three	forty-five thousand six hundred and eighty	two hundred and sixty-three
Textile, clothing, shoes and hats market	four hundred and fifty-eight thousand and thirteen	four hundred and fifty-five thousand two hundred and sixty-seven	two thousand seven hundred and forty-six	Vegetable market	one hundred and sixty-eight thousand six hundred and twenty-three	one hundred and thirty-seven thousand and seventy	thirty-one thousand five hundred and fifty-three
Food, beverage, tobacco and wine market	forty-three thousand seven hundred and seventy-five	forty-three thousand seven hundred and seventy-five	–	Meat, poultry and egg market	three hundred and seventy-eight	three hundred and seventy-eight	–
Furniture market	four hundred and thirteen thousand four hundred and eighty-two	four hundred and thirteen thousand four hundred and eighty-two	–	Market of agricultural means of production	four hundred and seventy-one	four hundred and seventy-one	–
fancy fair	three hundred and sixty-seven thousand and nine	three hundred and sixty-seven thousand and nine	–	Computer market	one million three hundred and thirty-one thousand six hundred and thirty-five	one million three hundred and thirty-one thousand six hundred and thirty-five	–
Culture, audio and video, books, newspapers and magazines	one hundred and thirty-two thousand nine hundred and fifty-five	one hundred and thirty-two thousand nine hundred and fifty-five	–	Communication equipment market	one thousand six hundred and ninety	one thousand six hundred and ninety	–
Flea market	sixty thousand three hundred and four	fifty-five thousand five hundred and ninety-three	four thousand seven hundred and eleven	flower market	forty-three thousand nine hundred and fifty-four	forty-three thousand nine hundred and fifty-four	–
Motor vehicle market	three million twenty-two thousand eight hundred and thirty-one	three million twenty-two thousand eight hundred and thirty-one	–	Hardware and electricity market	two hundred and three thousand two hundred and twenty	two hundred and three thousand two hundred and twenty	–
Metal material market	three hundred and sixty-nine thousand nine hundred and seventy-eight	three hundred and sixty-nine thousand nine hundred and seventy-eight	–	Other markets	two hundred and ninety-two thousand three hundred and seventy-seven	two hundred and twenty-five thousand three hundred and sixty-one	sixty-seven thousand and sixteen

Source: Beijing Municipal Bureau of Statistics

this year Residents' consumption demand situation

Realized in Beijing in the first three quarters GDP ( gross domestic product ）758.63 billion yuan, according to Comparable price calculation , compared with 2007 Growth over the same period 9.1%； Sociology Retail sales of consumer goods The accumulative total is 335.61 billion yuan, with an accumulative growth rate of 20.9%; Per capita disposable income of urban residents 18577 yuan, up 12.2% over the same period, Rural residents per capita Cash income 9389 yuan, up 13.1% over the same period.

Table 3: Retail sales of social consumer goods

index	This year	last year	Year on year%
Total retail sales of consumer goods	thirty-three million five hundred and sixty-one thousand two hundred and thirty-nine	twenty-seven million seven hundred and fifty-eight thousand and sixty-one	one hundred and twenty point nine
Food commodities	eight million five hundred and fifty-one thousand seven hundred and sixty-seven	seven million seventy-six thousand six hundred and five	one hundred and twenty point eight
Wearing goods	three million thirty thousand four hundred and four	two million five hundred and forty-seven thousand four hundred and twenty-nine	one hundred and nineteen
Consumer goods	nineteen million three hundred and four thousand three hundred and sixty-four	fifteen million eight hundred and thirteen thousand one hundred and seventy	one hundred and twenty-two point one
Burning goods	two million six hundred and seventy-four thousand seven hundred and four	two million three hundred and twenty thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven	one hundred and fifteen point two

Source: Beijing Municipal Bureau of Statistics

Table 4: Basic information of Beijing residents' family life as of September

index	Cumulative	Growth%
Per capita disposable income of urban residents	eighteen thousand five hundred and seventy-seven	twelve point two
Per capita consumption expenditure of urban residents	twelve thousand one hundred and one	five point seven
Per capita cash income of rural residents	nine thousand three hundred and eighty-nine	thirteen point one
Per capita living consumption expenditure of rural residents	five thousand five hundred and forty-five	twelve point four

Source: Beijing Municipal Bureau of Statistics

As can be seen from the above tables, Beijing Disposable income of residents With a steady growth, residents' consumption willingness and total consumption are steadily increasing. From the cumulative growth chart of retail sales of consumer goods, the fastest growth occurred in the period from December 2007 to January 2008, which was due to the Spring Festival, and then the growth curve increased slowly, higher than the level of the same period. It can be seen that the wholesale and retail industry in Beijing has been growing continuously.

Prosperity of wholesale and retail enterprises

Table 5: Wholesale and retail enterprises Prosperity Condition:

Q3 2008
project	Actual amount of the current period	Increase/decrease over the previous period	Year on year increase/decrease	Next forecast
1、 Entrepreneur confidence index	one hundred and thirty-four point four	-17.2	-38.0	one hundred and twenty-five point six
2、 Enterprise prosperity index	one hundred and fifty-nine point seven	-7.8	-15.0	one hundred and sixty point two
3、 Classified prosperity index	–	–	–	–
Purchase contract	one hundred and eighteen point two	-16.3	-37.4	one hundred and eighteen point three
Purchase price	eighty-four point eight	thirty-one point six	fourteen point seven	ninety-four point five
Sales of goods	one hundred and twenty point nine	-12.1	-44.8	one hundred and ten point nine
Including: export	sixty-seven point five	-20.9	-61.3	seventy-four point seven
Sales price	one hundred and nine point seven	-13.9	-8.3	one hundred and one
Commodity inventory	one hundred and twelve point eight	-9.7	-21.4	one hundred and twenty-three point eight
Operating expenses (operating expenses)	fifty-nine point nine	three point five	-35.3	seventy-four point one
competitive power	one hundred and fifty-four	-7.1	-12.5	one hundred and twenty-four point three
Change in profit (loss)	one hundred and forty-three point four	-6.7	-22.9	one hundred and forty-three point eight
Capital	one hundred and seventeen point nine	-9.4	-32.6	one hundred and twenty-one point six
Enterprise financing	one hundred and sixteen point six	-8.4	-21.5	one hundred and eleven point five
Payment in arrears	one hundred and nineteen point four	thirty-six point six	sixteen point two	one hundred and five point four
Labor demand	one hundred and twenty-two point one	two point eight	-25.3	one hundred and sixteen point eight
Investment in fixed assets	one hundred and two point one	-12.1	-33.3	ninety-seven

Source: Beijing Municipal Bureau of Statistics

It can be seen from the table above that whether Entrepreneur confidence index still business climate index The third quarter showed a downward trend compared with the same period. From classification Prosperity index It can be seen from: Purchase contract It was 16.3% lower than the previous period, 37.4% lower than the previous period; The purchase price of goods is rising, which to some extent shows that purchasing cost Increasing; Whether from commodity sales Sales price Or commodity Inventory The declining trend of the city indicates that the enterprises engaged in the wholesale and retail industry competitive power and Profitability Are declining, so that Enterprise funds The situation is becoming more difficult, Enterprise financing The difficulty increases. Because of the difficulties in operation Corporate loans Delinquency is also on the rise. Therefore, when we are customers in related industries, we must carefully investigate their operation and credit status.

Industrial development Policy environment

During the 11th Five Year Plan period, the annual growth rate of retail sales of social consumer goods in the city reached about 9%; By 2010, the retail sales of consumer goods had reached about 447 billion yuan. To promote the development of retail industry and build an international modern city Retail business System. Support brand enterprises, cultivate leading enterprises, and improve industry organization and intensification Development level 。 from Macro policy In terms of policy orientation, taxation and financing channel There is a lot of support on the. Although the crisis has a certain impact on the development of the industry, the government has decided to invest 4 trillion yuan in Promote domestic demand , stimulate consumption. The Beijing Municipal Government has decided to invest 120-150 billion yuan to stimulate the economic development of Beijing, which is very exciting news for all industries in the city. Therefore, under the condition of ensuring risk, we should continue to increase financial support for wholesale and retail industry Credit scale 。

Network development

Announce

edit

1、 Traditional retail is cold

because economic crisis The overall economic pattern is sluggish, as is the traditional offline retail industry. Similarly, we can see the clue from the data: Gome After listing, it suffered a loss for the first time, with a net loss of 500 million yuan in the first half of the year; Li Ning Company 1200 stores were closed in the first half of the year; Parkson Commercial Group Single store The sales growth is less than 1/4 of the same period in 2011; In September 2011, Pacific Department Store Unable to cope with the rent, the Yingke store in the golden section of Sanlitun in Beijing was officially closed... They were once popular retail giants, but now they are regretful for two reasons: high rent and the impact of e-commerce.

Jack Ma In an interview, he said:“ Tmall Shopping carnival Will be China economic transition A signal of new economy The battle of the new marketing model Traditional marketing mode Let all manufacturing traders know that the situation has changed. For traditional industries, this war may have begun. " From here, we can preliminarily think that it is the trend, not the Double 11, that subverts the traditional retail.

2、 Traditional retail and e-commerce

As for traditional retail and e-commerce, we can also speak from the data: iResearch data shows that the transaction scale of China's e-commerce market in the third quarter of 2012 was 1.99 trillion yuan, Year on year growth 21.9%； China's GDP in the third quarter totaled 12.6 trillion, indicating that e-commerce accounted for 15.7% of the total. 2012 Double 11, Tmall and TaoBao Of Alipay total a turnover 19.1 billion yuan, three times more than 5.2 billion yuan; In October 2012, China Total retail sales of consumer goods It is 1893.4 billion yuan, and the average daily figure is 61.1 billion yuan, which means that the double 11 day accounts for 31.2% of the total retail sales of consumer goods!

3、 Traditional retail enters e-commerce

Let's take a look at the actions of traditional retail giants entering e-commerce: Wal-Mart Formal investment Store 1 , purchase a small part of the shares of Store 1; Gome Online Mall and Alipay Strategic partnership , made all-out efforts to enter e-commerce, and spent tens of millions to acquire Kuba.com; Suning establish Online retail platform Suning E-shop , also try to Dangdang Joint cooperation; Carrefour Open online shopping malls, and both Beijing Guozhan Store and Shanghai Gubei Store launch online shopping malls; Wal Mart Shenzhen Sam's Club Also started online business China Chain Store Association According to the data of the 2012 Research Report on Online Retailing by Traditional Retailers, the top 100 traditional retailers opened online stores in 2009 and before Retail business There were 14, 31 in 2010, 52 in 2011 and 59 in 2012.

Although many traditional retailers have entered e-commerce in unison, they have also experienced many twists and turns, including the limitations of technology, personnel and cost. Technically, Online retail A mature development team is needed to create 366EC Generally safe, stable and powerful Mall system ； And in Staffing Above all, you need to be proficient Marketing promotion , network operation and other professional e-commerce talents.

statistical data

Announce

edit

In 2022, the added value of China's wholesale and retail industry will be 11451.8 billion yuan, up 0.9% over the previous year. The annual online retail sales reached 13785.3 billion yuan, an increase of 4.0% over the previous year, calculated on a comparable basis.^[1]

On February 29, 2024, the National Bureau of Statistics issued the Statistical Bulletin of the People's Republic of China on National Economic and Social Development in 2023. In 2023, The added value of wholesale and retail industry in the whole year was 12307.2 billion yuan, up 6.2% over the previous year.^[3]

Novice on the road

Growth task Getting Started with Editing Edit Rule Edit by myself

I have questions

Content query Online Service Official post bar Feedback

Complaints and suggestions

Report bad information Failed to appeal through entries Complaint of infringement information Blocking query and unblocking

Jinggong Network Anbei No. 1100000200001