Strategic materials are material materials that play an important role in the national economy, people's livelihood and national defense. It includes major industrial products, agricultural products and mineral products. According to the processing depth, it can be divided into raw materials, materials, semi-finished products and finished products.
- Chinese name
- Strategic materials
- Foreign name
- Strategic materials
- Proposed time
- 1930s
- Contains
- 80 kinds of industrial and mineral products
- Benefits
- More systematic planning, etc
Citation explanation
It includes major industrial products, agricultural products and mineral products. According to the processing depth, it can be divided into raw materials, materials, semi-finished products and finished products. The concept of strategic materials was first seen in the 1930s. the Second World War Before the outbreak, many countries, especially the western countries, based on the lessons of the First World War and the need to expand their military and prepare for war, actively stored or controlled aluminum, chromium, oil and other important materials, and gradually formed the concept of strategic materials. Initially, strategic materials specifically refer to raw materials used to manufacture weapons and military supplies. With the progress of science and technology and the development of economy, the focus of determining strategic materials is not limited to the military aspect, but based on the overall needs of the national economy. Therefore, the types and scope of strategic materials are constantly increasing. Strategic materials are of great significance to the national economy, people's livelihood and national defense. For example, steel is the main material of modern industry and national defense industry, nonferrous metals are crucial to national defense industry, and rare metals are closely related to the development of cutting-edge industries and military technology such as aviation, aerospace, atomic energy, electronics, etc. The specific role of various strategic materials is constantly changing with the development of economy, national defense, science and technology. The selection criteria and specific classification of strategic materials vary from country to country due to different resource conditions, economic and technological development levels and military strategies. On the whole, the determination of strategic materials is generally considered from three aspects: ① the importance of the national economy and the people's livelihood. Important materials shall be classified as strategic materials. ② Domestic resources and production capacity. Materials with small reserves, low output, dependence on foreign supply and poor reliability are classified as strategic materials. ③ National scientific and technological level and industrial production level. Countries with a high level of economic and technological development generally define rare metals as strategic materials. The Soviet Union classified all mineral raw materials, fuels, chemical products and agricultural products that are of special importance to the national economy and the people's livelihood as strategic materials, regardless of their source. According to the Important Strategic Materials Reserve Act of 1979, the United States classified 62 categories of 93 varieties of materials as strategic materials, including 80 industrial and mineral products and 13 agricultural and livestock products; 13 kinds of mineral products are completely dependent on imports. During the Second World War, the Soviet Union, due to its rich resources and the establishment of heavy industries such as metallurgy, coal, petroleum and chemical industry during the five year plan period before the war, basically guaranteed the demand of raw materials for military production; Fascist Germany was short of domestic strategic materials and relied on plundering a variety of raw materials from the occupied countries for military production. Later, the source of raw materials was cut off and military production was difficult to sustain, which was one of the important reasons for the collapse and complete failure of the German economy. After the Second World War, the superpowers fought fiercely for and control strategic materials. China is rich in strategic materials. Taking nonferrous metals as an example, there are more than 50 kinds of proven reserves, of which tungsten, tin, lead, zinc, antimony, etc. are among the world's top. In order to ensure the supply of strategic materials, China has established a national strategic material reserve system since the 1950s, and has constantly improved and developed it in practice. Publisher: China Military Encyclopedia Editorial Office [1]
