Ludwig Maximilian Munich University（GermanLudwig Maximilians Universit ä t M ü nchen (LMU for short), founded in 1472, is located in GermanyBavariacapitalMunichA comprehensive university in the city center.[1]
Munich University is famous for its talents. As of October 2020, 43 alumni and faculty members have wonNobel Prize，Ranked 16 in the global ranking of Nobel Prizes[22]。Max Planck 、max weber 、Werner Heisenberg ，Ohms，hertz，Bei ShizhangAll of you studied and taught here.[23]
Munich University in 2022The World University RankingMiddle, ranking 33rd in the world[21]；In 2023QS World University RankingIn China, Munich University ranks second in Germany and 59th in the world.[2]；In the 2022-2023 US. News global university rankings, the University of Munich ranks first in Germany and 47th in the world.[20]；stay2024 ranked the 43rd in the world and the first in Germany in the academic ranking of soft science world universities[29]。The University of Munich ranks 54th in the 2024QS World University Ranking.[26]
Chinese name
University of Munich
Foreign name
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München(German) University of Munich(English) Universitas Ludovico-Maximilianea Monacensis(Latin)
In 1472, the rich class of Bavarian Landos established in IngerstadtFree State of BavariaThe first university of.
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In 1492, Conrad Zertis, one of the most important humanists at that time, joined the teaching team.
In 1510, Johannes Eck, one of Martin Luther's most difficult opponents, was appointed professor.
In 1776, the Illuminati, a group dedicated toRadical EnlightenmentThe target Bavarian secret society was established in Ingerstadt.
In 1800, Munich University moved to Langarde from Ingerstadt, andMonasterySettle down.Shortly before being moved to Munich, the University of Munich had 1000 students.
In 1827, Joseph Grace andfriedrich schelling Joined the faculty of Munich University.
In 1848, the relationship between the king and Lola Montez caused a riot, which led to the closure of the university.At the suggestion of Max von Justus, Pettenkofer Liebig accepted a chair at LMU.In order to train talented students for senior administrative positions, Maximilian College was established.The first group of women were allowed to enter the doctoral program of LMU.
In 1905,Nobel Prize in ChemistryIt was awarded to Adolf von Beyer, who became the second student of Munich UniversityNobel PrizeWinner.The first student representative office was established in Munich University.
In 1940, members of the White Rose Group appealed to boycottnaziA leaflet of the regime.
In 1945, Munich University was heavily bombed, and more than 70% of the city buildings were destroyed.
In 1945, the authorities closed the university, and Rehm was appointed as the temporary president of Munich University.
In 1946, it was officially reopened on July 23.This is the last university
In 1973, there were 28500 registered students and 9255 employees.
In 1970, NewHigher EducationThe Act (Hochschullgesetz) abolished student unions.
In 1995, "Landshut freundesk reis" became an important part of Munich University Association.
The teaching unit of the university is now divided into 20 colleges, which are divided into a total of 178 research institutes and clinics for internships in medical schools.The colleges with higher achievements in Munich University mainly include the School of National Economics, the School of Enterprise Economics, the School of Medicine, the School of Law, the School of Sociology, the School of Physics and Chemistry, the School of Forestry, the School of Veterinary Medicine, etc.It covers almost all disciplines.Therefore, Munich University is actually a truly comprehensive university "universitas" under the traditional definition.
School setting
Catholic Theological College
School of Psychology and Education
Christian Theological Seminary
School of Culture
law school
languages institute
College of Enterprise Economics
College of Arts
College of National Economics
Social College
medical college
School of Mathematics, Informatics and Statistics
College of Dentistry
College of Physics
College of Veterinary Medicine
College of Chemistry and Pharmacy
School of History and Arts
College of Biology
School of Philosophy, Scientific Theory and Religion
School of Geology
Teachers
In terms of teaching staff, the school has 737 full-time professors, 2816 academic researchers andteaching staff, and 2405 employees.The University of Munich has another affiliated hospital, including 1528 doctors, 216 researchers and 1666Nursing staffIn addition, there are 4323 related staff.
Discipline construction
The University of Munich has drastically cut some outdated majors, and at the same time, it has increased some new majors with greater enthusiasm, such as:information scienceandcomputer scienceIn addition, the Institute of National Economics has also strengthened the research on some current common phenomena.
Teaching construction
Tuition reform
For a long time, German colleges and universities have provided freeeducational opportunitiesThe annual cost of each student is up to 130000 yuanmarkThis is a great burden for schools;Moreover, there is no strong restriction on the number of years students can study in school, which leads to the phenomenon of students staying in university for several years.stayGovernment appropriationFar from enough, the University of Munich is considering whether to charge students an appropriate tuition fee, which is about 2000 to 4000 marks, when it is difficult for the university to raise funds.This has two purposes: one is to reduce the number of students detained in universities;Second, it can increase the source of funds, and as long as some remedial measures are taken while charging fees, some talented and financially strapped students will not be rejected.
Abolishing the hospital and changing it into a department
Munich University mainly absorbed some settings and practices of American universities, abolished several colleges set up in the past, and set up departments and majors under the colleges to improve the status of various majors.
International students
In the past, most German universities treated foreign applicants coldly, and students did not have scholarships;Moreover, it takes too long to get a degree in German universities, and scholars often retreat from difficulties.In view of this, the University of Munich has actively implemented the new policy of encouraging foreigners to study in Germany issued by the German government in May 1996.Although the number of international students at this stage is less than 1/10 of the total number of students, there has been some improvement in awarding prizes and grants to foreign students.
University of Munich
personnel training
In the winter semester of 2012/13, there were 48938 registered students in Munich University, of which 7039 were foreign students.51% of the nearly 50000 students in the school study humanitiesSocial SciencesProfessional students.
School running expenses
University'sFinancial budgetIt reached 488.6 million euros, including 114.7 million euros in off campus funds.
Social evaluation
The University of Munich (LMU) is one of the first three "elite universities" of the German government, and the other two areMunich University of Technology(TUM) andKarlsruhe Institute of Technology（KIT）。The first three universities standing out are the most outstanding representatives of Germany's first-class universities - German version“Ivy League ”。[10]
In 2015, QS ranked 52nd in the world (Germany first),[11]Almost all the business majors of liberal arts and science societies are on the list.The physics degree ranks 13th in the world,veterinary medicine25, modern language 27, biology 28, philosophy 32, pharmacy 33, law 43, history 47, chemistry 49, medicine 59, mathematics 61, psychology, economics, linguistics 62, sociology 63, English language 64, media 66, and computers 66.Others include business and management, statistics and operations researchmaterial science , Earth andmarine science Environmental science is between 101-150.
In 2016, QS World University ranked 13th in physics and astronomy (Germany first), 15th in philosophy (Germany second), 26th in pharmacy (Germany first), 34th in biological science (Germany first), 48th in law (Germany second), etc[12]。
2016 QS World University RankingarchaeologyRank 50-100.
2018 US. News ranked 40 in the world (first in Germany), 20 in physics, 25 in veterinary medicine, 27 in modern language, 30 in biology, 32 in philosophy, 33 in medicine, 43 in law, 38 in geography, 49 in chemistry, 59 in medicine, 61 in mathematics, psychology, economicsLinguistics ranked 43rd and computer ranked 46th.[8]
stayAmerican News and World ReportIn the ranking list of world universities published by U.S. News, the University of Munich has always been in the top three places in Germany.
stayTimes Higher Education (THE) In the ranking of world universities from 2014 to 2015, Munich University ranked 29th in the world universities.
In the Thames Higher Education (THE) ranking of world universities from 2015 to 2016, the University of Munich still ranks 29th in the world (Germany first).
In 2018, Thames Higher Education (THE) GlobalUniversity graduatesRanked 26th in the world in terms of employment.
Ranked first in Germany and 32nd in the world in the Thames Higher Education (THE) World University 2018-2019
In 2016, the University of Munich ranked top three in six of the nine major fields of German universities, and three of them ranked first. It has traditional advantages in physical astronomy, pharmacy, biological science and other fields.
2020 Soft Science World University Academic Ranking 51st, 2021 Thames Higher Education World University Ranking 32nd, 2021QS World University Ranking 63rd (released on June 10, 2020), 2021US. News World University ranked 46th and Moscow International University ranked 82nd in 2020.[2-5][19]
No. 48 in 2021 Soft Science World University Academic Ranking[4]2022 Thames Higher Education World University Ranks 32nd[5]2022QS World University Ranks 64th[7]，2022U.S. News World University Ranked 46th[6]
academic research
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Scientific research achievements
The popularity of Munich University largely comes from her art andhumanitiesResearch.But her research in the field of machinery and science has also made remarkable achievements in the world, such as her Molecular Biology Gene Center Laboratory andMunich University of TechnologyJoint accelerator laboratory.In addition, the hallmark of Munich University's high-level research is that its members have won a variety of prizes and awards every year, such as the Gottfeld Wilbelm Leibniz Prize and the Koeber Prize of the German Research Association. So far, 12 professors of Munich University have won the Nobel Prize.[18]
In 2022, an international team led by the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics in Germany and the University of Munich defined and explored the "speed limit" of photoelectric switches in physical equipment.The team used a laser pulse lasting only 1 femtosecond (10-15 seconds) to achieve the speed required to run 1000 trillion times per second (1 beat Hz) switch, and switched the dielectric material sample from the insulation state to the conductive state[25]。
Munich University Auditorium
Scientific research platform
One of the characteristics of Munich University is to pay attention to both scientific research and teaching.In the new situation, they pay more attention to the close combination with the business communityCombination of production, teaching and researchThe University of Munich has established several differentResearch mode：
First, universities and enterprises jointly form a research center. The early development research is undertaken by universities, and the later application research is undertaken by enterprises.
Second, the university and several enterprises form a research consortium, focusing on research topics and projects.
Third, universities and off campus research institutions form a consortium. The consortium is located in the university, and the director of the institute also works part-time in the university. This dual identity of the person in charge is very conducive to mobilizing the enthusiasm of both the research institute and the university,research fundsIt is also very flexible, which is conducive to the cultivation of doctoral students by the Institute.
Young Scientists Forum
The Munich Harvard Young Scientists Forum (YSF), established in 2009, provides a platform for interdisciplinary exchanges and joint research between the two universities.It is held once a year and hosted by two universities in turn.
The 9th Munich University Harvard University Young Scientists Forum Venue: Munich University
The 8th Munich University Harvard University Young Scientists Forum Venue: Harvard University
The 7th Munich University Harvard University Young Scientists Forum Venue: Munich University
The 6th Munich University Harvard University Young Scientists Forum Venue: Harvard University
The 5th Munich University Harvard University Young Scientists Forum Venue: Munich University
In addition to the main campus of the university located in Sol Brothers and Sisters Square, there is also a high-tech park located in Gro ß hadern area, including world-famous university medical centers, biological centers, pharmaceutical and chemical departments. The research institutions of these universities and the nearby Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry and Neurology,And the German Federal Biomedical High tech Park, which together form the famous life science center in Germany.
Munich University Clinical Hospital
Academic resources
The library of Munich University was founded in 1573. Today, in addition to the central library located in the main campus, there are 215 branch libraries belonging to research institutes and colleges.The collection of books in the central library is mainly basic books, daily books and some special books, amounting to 1.4 million. With the collection of books in various research institutes, the total number is 4.4 million, which is similar to the collection of books in the Bavarian library.The number of books in the library increases by about 50000 every year.
Since the beginning of the 19th century, the University of Munich has gradually formed a democratic management system.After several changes, the currentInstitutional setupIts functions are as follows:
Review meeting
This is the decision-making authority of the university. Its members areDemocratic electionsGenerate.In the first session, there were 36 professor representatives, 12 other academic representatives, 12 student representatives and 6 non academic representatives.Five members of the school affairs leading committee, such as the president, are also members of the appraisal meeting.The members of the Review Conference are elected every two years, of which the student representatives are elected every year.
The functions of the Review Conference mainly include:
To formulate and revise the regulations and articles of association of the University;
Elect the President and Vice President of the University to form the University Affairs Leading Committee;
Listen to the work report of the school affairs leading committee.
The proportion of various personnel in the appraisal meeting is based onBavariaThe proportion stipulated in the Higher Education Law is more than the sum of professors and other personnel.That is, the so-called“Professorship”。On the other hand, let students participate in the management of the university. The proportion of students is the same as that of other academic personnel, but more than that of non academic personnelActivity organizationListen to students' opinions - this is the embodiment of the "student oriented" system.
committee
Munich University has one president and three vice presidents, all of whom are elected by the Review Conference, and one office director of the school affairs leading committee, appointed by the president, who together form the school administrationLeading organization。
The principal's function is to leadschool boardAt the same time, we plan and coordinate the teaching and scientific research work of all colleges in the university.For hundreds of years, the presidents elected are generally respected professors.The school principal is not pureAdministrative position, only "part-time", he still did not give up teaching and scientific research during his tenure, and after "retirement" from his position, he returned to the college or research institute to continue his career.
College Organization
The institute's deliberative body is the "Discipline Conference", with a membership ratio of 7 professors, 2 other academic staff, 2 students and 1 non academic staff.
The discipline meeting is elected by the discipline congress of the college, and the president and vice president are elected at the same time.
The basic tasks of the Dean of the College are:
Plan and coordinate the academic research and talent training tasks of each research institute this year.
The advanced experience of all disciplines will be promoted to improve the quality of teaching and scientific research.
Organize examinations at all levels in all disciplines.
Do a good job in professional training of teachers and scientific research personnel, and create and allocate outstanding talents to enrich the teaching and scientific research team.
mutual welfare association
This is an organization responsible for planning and arranging the welfare of all Munich University students.Such as building maintenance, dormitory and canteen management, grant subsidies, etc.This is an independent society, whose members try to make their work as free as possible from the schoolAdministrative departmentInterference.The organization was founded in 1918.twiceWorld WarIt has brought huge losses to Germany. Many students have overcome the difficulties by relying on the low-cost meals, clothing and work study opportunities provided by the welfare society. As a result, this institution has become a model for other schools to follow.Until now, many students (about one third) still rely on the job opportunities provided by the institution to complete their long studies in German universities.
threeGuo Aike, ChinaneuroscienceAnd biophysicist, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
fourLiang Shuquan, famous analytical chemist, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
fiveChen Lin，cognitive scienceAnd experimental psychologist, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.Initial stage of topological propertiesPerceptual theoryThe proposer of.
sixQiu Fazu, ChinaSurgeryHe is the father of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
sevenWang You, organic chemist, bio organic chemist, pioneer of antibiotic research in China;Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,French Academy of SciencesForeign academicians.
19. Ye Baixiu, a public jurist in Taiwan, was once a justice of the Judicial Yuan.
Campus
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The campus of Munich University is located in all parts of Munich, with superior geographical location. All campuses provide cutting-edge facilities and technologies, providing all-round services and activities for students and scholars[27]。
The historic main building has been a landmark of the city since 1840. Now it mainly has departments of humanities, economics and social sciences, such as Catholic and Protestant theology, law, economics or Munich School of Management.The most famous lecture halls may be the auditorium reconvened by the Bavarian Parliament in 1946, and the Audimax lecture hall that can accommodate 800 people.The university library next to the main building has 5 million books.In addition, beside the main building, there are many rare books and other documents, as well as the Bavarian State Library, one of the largest collections of manuscripts in the world, and many famous museums in Munich, including the old and new painting exhibition hall, the Brandhorst Museum, the sculpture exhibition hall, the Egyptian art museum, and the Central National Archives of Bavaria and other buildings[27]。
British Garden Physics Campus
The UK Garden Physics Campus has a nano research institute opened in 2019, which is also the first building of the UK Garden New Physics Campus[27]。
British Garden Physics Campus
Sendlingmen Campus
The Sendlingmen campus is located in the area between the central Sendlingmen and Goethe Square. The campus has a series of specialized hospitals, medical research institutions and other facilities attached to the medical school. Therefore, it has been called Munich's "medical area" for many years.In addition, Munich University plans to build a new geoscience building here for teaching, informatics and statistics departments[27]。
GrosHarden/Martinsread Campus
Grosgarden/MartinReed Campus is a showcase of highly integrated and internationally renowned research in the fields of medicine, biological science and natural science of the University of Munich.Here, researchers from the University of Munich work closely with colleagues from the Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry and Neurobiology and the Helmholtz Center.In addition, medical schools and university hospitals (with biomedical centers), as well as chemical and pharmaceutical schools and biological schools are located here[27]。
Oberstrecheim Campus
Oberstlesheim Campus is about 15km away from the city center. Several research institutes and clinics of the Veterinary College, as well as teaching and research farms are currently located here.In the near future, almost the entire veterinary school will be moved to the 15 hectare site in Obershlesheim.With about 2000 students, doctoral students and 600 employees, the college will become one of the largest veterinary research and education centers in Europe[27]。
Campus environment
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library
The library of Munich University was founded in 1573. Today, in addition to the central library located in the main campus, there are 215 branch libraries belonging to research institutes and colleges.The collection of books in the central library is mainly basic books, daily books and some special books, amounting to 1.4 million. With the collection of books in various research institutes, the total number is 4.4 million, which is similar to the collection of books in the Bavarian library.The number of books in the library increases by about 50000 every year[28]。
To apply for Munich University, you need to submit: admission application form, official transcript of the school you attended before admission, and officially certifiedGermanTranslation, diploma of the school before entering the school and official German translation, resume, personal application statement written in German, DSH Level II certificate or TestDafExamination results。The deadline for applying for winter enrollment is July 15, and the deadline for applying for summer enrollment is January 15.
Application conditions
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Minimum requirements for applying for direct university admission:GermanEuropean Standard C1DSH2、TestDaf 16 points.All non restricted professional applicants can submit the German B2 level certificate at the time of application to obtain the DSH examination invitation held before the start of school.
