SydneyAustraliaThe southeast coast of AustraliaNSWThe capital of Australia and the largest city in Australia[20]。The central coordinates of the city are 33 ° 51 'south latitude and 151 ° 12' east longitude.The Greater Sydney Metropolitan Area covers an area of about 12368.193 square kilometers, the Sydney urban area covers an area of about 1687 square kilometers, and the population is about 5.03 million (2016). The Greater Sydney Metropolitan Area consists of the Sydney urban area and 33 suburbs.There are 248000 Chinese, accounting for 6.2% of Sydney's population, but they have become the fourth largest ethnic group in Sydney, second only to the thirdIrelandPeople (360000).[17]
From 2012 to 2013, Sydney's regional GDP reached 337.5 billion US dollars, known as the“New York”。[1]Sydney has beenUN HabitatIt was rated as one of the most livable cities in the world and was rated as 2018 by GaWCFirst tier cities in the worldSeventh.[2]
1770 Captain of the British Navyjames cook Found Sydney'sBotany Bay Then it was sent back to Europe, and Europe became interested in Australia.
In 1788, under the order of the British governmentFirst FleetCaptain Arthur Philip is inPort JacksonOfSydney BayA penal colony was established.On February 7 of the same year, Arthur Philip named the place after the British Home Secretary, Lord Thomas Townsend Sydney.
In April 1789, a disease was believed to besmallpox, took the lives of many indigenous people in Sydney;It is conservatively estimated that 500-1000 indigenous people diedBroken Bay andBotany Bay In the area between Gulinkai and Tarul, the two ethnic groups were also infected.At the same time, the British colonization encountered strong resistance, especially the leader of the Warrior Pemulwuy, who was most famous for launching resistance in the area near the Botany Bay,Hawksberg RiverConflicts often break out nearby.
In 1796, when Macquarie was appointed Governor of New South Wales, Sydney had a preliminary development.The prisoners built roads, bridges, docks and public buildings.By 1822, there were banks, markets, perfect thoroughfares and institutionalized police institutions in the city.
In 1820, there were only hundreds of aborigines left in Sydney.Governor Macquarie further "civilized, Christian and civilized" the aborigines and made them leave the tribe.
The 1930s and 1940s were the urban development stage of Sydney.The ship starts frombritish islesSydney has entered a golden age of high development by picking up immigrants who hope to start a new life in the new country.
At the end of the 19th century, with the advent of steam powered trams and railway systems, urban areas developed more rapidly.Due to the convenience brought by industrialization, the population of Sydney has expanded rapidly. On the eve of the 20th century, the population of Sydney has exceeded 1 million.[3]
At the beginning of the 20th century, Sydney developed rapidly and poured in a large number of new immigrants from Europe and Asia, gradually becoming a world famous international metropolis.[4]
In 1942, during the Second World War,Japanese NavyUse small submarines to attack Sydney Harbor.
On April 17, 2023, according to the report of Australian TV Station 9 1, Melbourne has become the largest city in Australia after more than a century behind Sydneycity.[18]
Sydney
administrative division
Announce
edit
There is no unified administrative region in the Greater Sydney Metropolitan Area, and there areparliament, each for his own administration.according toAustraliaAccording to the Statistics Bureau, as of 2016, the Greater Sydney Metropolitan Area includes 35 local government districts.[5]
Local government jurisdiction
Area (square kilometers)
Local government jurisdiction
Area (square kilometers)
Hawkesbury
two thousand seven hundred and seventy-five point one three eight
Wollondilly
two thousand five hundred and fifty-five point four three four
Central Coast
one thousand six hundred and eighty-one point zero seven zero
Camden
two hundred and one point zero two eight
Hornsby
four hundred and fifty-five point zero three eight
Campbelltown
three hundred and eleven point nine one one
The Hills Shire
three hundred and eighty-six point one five nine
Liverpool
three hundred and five point seven four zero
Northern Beaches
two hundred and fifty-four point two zero seven
Sutherland Shire
three hundred and thirty-three point five nine three
Ku-ring-gai
eighty-five point four one zero
Canterbury-Bankstown
one hundred and ten point two six four
Willoughby
twenty-two point four two six
Georges River
thirty-eight point three one nine
Mosman
eight point six five zero
Rockdale
twenty-eight point two zero eight
North Sydney
ten point four eight six
Botany Bay
twenty-one point six eight three
Lane Cove
ten point four seven nine
Randwick
thirty-six point three three one
Hunters Hill
five point seven one seven
Waverley
nine point three five one
Ryde
forty point four seven five
Woollahra
twelve point two seven eight
Parramatta
eighty-three point eight two nine
Sydney
twenty-six point seven four three
Cumberland
seventy-one point five five one
Inner West
thirty-five point three seven one
Fairfield
one hundred and one point five zero seven
Burwood
seven point one two eight
Blacktown
two hundred and forty point zero four nine
Canada Bay
nineteen point nine two three
Penrith
four hundred and four point seven zero two
Strathfield
fourteen point zero zero one
Blue Mountains
one thousand four hundred and thirty-one point one four four
geographical environment
Announce
edit
Location context
Sydney is located inAustraliaThe city center coordinates are 33 ° 55 'south latitude and 150 ° 53' east longitude.One third of the downtown area is a coastal basin between the Pacific Ocean and the Blue Mountains in the west.The Greater Sydney Metropolitan Area covers an area of about 12368.193 square kilometers, and the urban area of Sydney is about 1687 square kilometers.
Sydney occupies 2 geographical regions——Cumberland Plain And the Comspi Plateau.Cumberland Canyon is a relatively flat and somewhat undulating area, lying west and south of Port Jackson.The Comspi Plateau is a plateau north of the seaport, about 200 meters (656 feet) above sea level, cut by grass covered valleys.The oldest part of Sydney is in a flat area.The Kangshibi Plateau is called the North Bank.Until 1932sydney harbour bridge After enabling, the plateau will be connected to the city.
Climatic characteristics
The beautiful scenery of Sydney
Sydney belongs toSubtropical humid climate, annual rainfall.The weather in Sydney is regulated by the adjacent ocean, so the western urban area in the interior is more continental.The warmest month is January, and the temperature in coastal areas is 18.6 ℃ - 25.8 ℃, with an average of 14.6 days of the year above 30 ℃.The highest temperature on land was 45.3 ℃, which was recorded on January 14, 1939 after the 4-day nationwide heat wave ended.It is slightly cool in summer, and the temperature in coastal areas rarely drops below 5 ℃.The coldest month is July, and the average extreme value is 8.0 ℃ - 16.2 ℃.The minimum value on land is 2.1 ℃.The rainfall in summer and winter is quite average. Due to the adjustment of east wind, the rainfall in the first half of the year is slightly higher.The average annual rainfall is about 1217 mm, moderate and little changed, with an average of 138 days of rainfall in the middle of the year.
Although Sydney will not meetcycloneorgreat earthquake, butEl Nino Or the El Nino Southern Oscillation is affecting the weather conditions in Sydney: on the one hand, there are droughts and forest fires; on the other hand, there are storms and floods, which are combined with the opposite of the oscillation.There have been many forest fires in Sydney adjacent to forests, especially in spring and summer.Sydney is also vulnerable to rare hail storms and windstorms.
natural resources
Announce
edit
water resource
The supply and collection of water resources in Sydney mainly depend ondamThe main dams include Shangnaping Dam, Blue Mountain District Six Dam, Woronora Dam, Warragamba Dam and Shoalhaven Dam.[6]
plant resources
Sydney is very rich in plant resources. In 2016, Sydney's forest resources reached more than 8000 hectares, accounting for aboutAustralia30% of the forest area, of which more than 6300 hectares are natural forests and more than 1700 hectares are planted by people.[7]
Animal resources
Sydney is known as“World Museum of Living Fossils”。According to statistics, there are more than 650 kinds of birds in Sydney, about 450 of which are unique to Sydney.AustraliaMost of the marsupials are distributed in Sydney.Due to the stable environment, Sydney has unique ancient biological species preserved in the process of earth evolution. Although they appear primitive, they have become the focus of human research on the history of earth evolutionliving fossil。[7]
According to the 2016 census, 1% of Sydney's population hasAustralian aborigines31.2% of them were born overseas.The three major sources of immigrants are the United Kingdom, Greater China and New Zealand.In addition, many immigrants come from Vietnam, Lebanon, Italy, India and the Philippines. Multiple immigrants have made some ethnic groups have their own settlements, for example, Italians live in Lekate;Greeks live in rocky areas;Lebanese live in Benz Town;Koreans live in Kensi;Jews live in the Bay of Roses;Indians live in Balama District;Chinese live in Haoshiwei;The Vietnamese live in Kalita.Hongfang has a large number ofAustralian aborigines。
Statistics of Sydney's population over the years<br>
Gender
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
Male
2285989 persons
2321233 persons
2361196 persons
2404155 persons
2449307 persons
2496024 persons
female sex
2322960 persons
2358639 persons
2399685 persons
2443327 persons
2488732 persons
2533744 persons
whole
4608949 persons
4679872 persons
4760881 persons
4847482 persons
4938039 persons
5029768 persons
Politics
Announce
edit
Most of Sydney's municipal activities are directed by the state government.These activities include public transportation, main roads, traffic control, police, education above kindergarten, and major infrastructure projects.
Since 1945, the electoral scope of Sydney has beenNSWAfter the change of government,NSWParliament wasAustralian Labor PartyandAustralian Liberal PartyIn succession, the governments of the two major parties have successively re planned the scope of elections.
Faced with the split situation of Sydney Parliament,Australian Liberal PartyIt was reorganized in 1987 to form a new South Sydney Parliament from the southern suburbs.
In 2004,Australian Labor PartyThe state government merged the councils of Sydney City and South Sydney City into the Sydney City Council.[8]
Sydney YesAustraliaBusiness, trade, finance, tourism and education center.From 2012 to 2013, Sydney's GDP reached 337.5 billion US dollars.[1]The service industry is the pillar of its economy. In 2016, Sydney's service industry accounted for about one-third of the city's total economy. In addition, Sydney's industry and agriculture are also very developed.
As of 2016, there were 497587 enterprises in Sydney, with 2272722 employees, and the employment rate was 94%;The number of unemployed people is 146189, the unemployment rate is 6%, and the total labor force is 2418911.AndAustraliaCompared with other cities, Sydney has a higher proportion of employment and a lower proportion of unemployment.
The labor force is the basic input of Sydney's production, and the size and composition are the key factors of Sydney's economic growth.From the perspective of social development, Sydney's paid labor income has had a significant impact on the level of economic development.[9]
The analysis of Sydney residents' employment in 2016 shows that the most popular industries among the three are:
Health care and social assistance (263356 people in total, accounting for 11.6% of the total employed population)
Professional, scientific and technical services (223711 persons in total, 9.8% of the total employed population)
Retail trade (211889 people in total, accounting for 9.3% of the total employed population)
In a word, there are 698956 people engaged in these three industries, accounting for 30.7% of the total employed population.[1]
In 2022, according to the Asia Pacific Urban Industry Sustainability Index, Sydney's industrial sustainability will rank 18th in the Asia Pacific region.[21]
In 2022, the regional GDP will be 490.79837 billion Australian dollars, about 319.755.14 billion US dollars.[25-26]
primary industry
Sydney's agriculture and animal husbandry are relatively developed, and the production and export of agricultural and animal husbandry products occupy an important position in the economy.In 2016, Sydney's output value of agriculture and animal husbandry accounted for aboutAustralia20% of the total output value.[1]
the secondary industry
Sydney isAustraliaIts industries are mainly manufacturing, construction and mining.In 2016, Sydney's industrial output accounted for aboutAustralia10% of the total output value.[1]
the service sector; the tertiary industry
The service industry is the main body of Sydney's economy. Statistics in 2016 show that the financial and insurance industry accounts forAustralia44% of industrial output value, 41% of real estate, 38% of wholesale trade, 36% of catering and entertainment, 35% of manufacturing industry, 34% of construction industry, and 32% of retail trade.Reserve Bank of AustraliaandAustralian Stock ExchangeAll in Sydney,AustraliaThere are 53 banks in total, 40 of which are headquartered in Sydney, and three quarters of the largest 100 companies have established their corporate headquarters or branches in Sydney.Almost all international business personnel visiting Australia will visit Sydney. At the same time, most of the world famous multinational enterprises also have branches or offices in Sydney.[9]
There are four cross campus public technology and continuing education colleges in Sydney: Sydney Institute of Technology, North Sydney Institute of Technology and Continuing Education, West Sydney Institute of Technology and Southwest Sydney Institute of Technology and Continuing Education.
Sydney has four state education districts, coordinating 919 schools.Selective schools are high schools that enroll students according to certain criteria.[8]
Education of children in the city over the years<br>
2014
2015
2016
Number of 4-year-old children not enrolled in school
forty thousand eight hundred and nine
forty-nine thousand and ninety-one
fifty-one thousand eight hundred and seventy-three
Number of children aged 5 not enrolled in school
8 853
ten thousand five hundred and one
eleven thousand six hundred and seventy-nine
Number of preschool children
seventeen thousand five hundred and ninety-nine
16 616
fifteen thousand eight hundred and thirteen
Total number of students not enrolled
forty-nine thousand six hundred and fifty-two
fifty-nine thousand five hundred and ninety-two
sixty-three thousand five hundred and fifty-two
medical care
The Sydney government operates manypublic hospital Six similar public health service institutions manage these hospitals.Including Southwest Sydney, West Sydney, North SydneyCentral Coast Region, Southeast Sydney and Illawara respectively manage their own hospitals and special medical care centers.
Sports
Sydney is the headquarters of the Australian Rugby LeagueNational Rugby League8 teams（Sydney cock、South Sydney Rabbit、Palama with Eel、Cronula Shark、West Tiger、Penris leopard、Canterbury BulldogandManli - breaststroke with sea eagle）The base area of, andSan Giorgio ElavararonThe northern base of.SydneyStadium Australia It is the venue for the NRL finals.
Some teams in Sydney are members of some sports leagues.includeSydney Swans （Australian Football League）、Sydney Football Club（Australian Group A Football League）、Emperor of SydneyandWest Sydney pointed back（National Basketball League）、Sydney University Flame（National Women's Basketball League），Sydney Blue（Australia Main Basketball League）、Sydney Brown Swift（Commonwealth Bank of Australia Grand Prix）AndNSW Blue（First Class Cricket）。
In 1864, Australia's firstRugby ClubstayUniversity of SydneyEstablishment.In 1882, the first transcolonial games opened, and Sydney facedQueensland。Today, the national teamSuper Rugby LeagueChina and IsraelNew South Wales WaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaMeet the challenge.Sydney will send two teams to participateNational Rugby Match。Traditional club events includeSaidun。Sydney will also hold regularWallabiesInternational competitions.
Sydney hosted the 1938 Commonwealth Games and the 2000 Summer Olympics, and builtSydney Olympic ParkandSydney Football StadiumEtc.Sydney Olympic Park is a number of large-scale sports activities (such as nationalAustralian Football LeagueThe finalsYuanyuan ZhousaiAnd 2006 World Cup preliminaries, etc.).sydney football stadium yesSydney cock、Sydney FCandNew South Wales WaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaWaHome ofSydney Cricket StadiumSydney cricket andAustralian FootballMany sports events have been held in the center of.
In terms of water sports, Sydney often holds many yacht competitions, for example, on the day after ChristmasSydney Hobart Yacht Race。Sydney's harbor is suitable for yachting, small rowingDragon BoatAnd a good place for fishing.In addition, Sydney has many beaches worth visiting and suitable for land and water sports, such asBondi Beach、manly beach 、Playa de Palma andCronula Beachwait.
Sydney has many entertainment groups, such as,Sydney Symphony Orchestra Sydney Theatre Company, Sydney Dance Company, etc.Sydney also holds annual cultural events, such as the Archebold Prize, a competition held by the New South Wales Museum of Art, and the Sydney Festival, a celebration of music, theatre and visual arts held in early January each year.[10]
Sydney has two main daily newspapers:《Sydney Morning Herald 》It is a big left-wing newspaper and a chronicle newspaper covering a large amount of news, culture and business at home and abroad in Sydney;It is also Australia's oldest newspaper, which has been published regularly since 1831;And《Daily TelegraphIt's a very right-wing populisttabloid, owned by News Corporation.Both newspapers have corresponding small newspapers published on Sundays, namely Sun Herald and Sunday Telegraph.[11]
Transportation
Announce
edit
Railway
Sydney's transportation route map
Sydney has a developed railway transportation system.Sydney's trains are operated byNSWGroup of state governments——Railway CompanyOperations.Sydney's railway network is all concentrated in the Greater Sydney Metropolitan AreaWithin the city ring road。Then pass byCentral stationorsydney harbour bridge Arrive at each suburbUrban railwayProvided by.In addition, trains also provide regional railway services to and from towns in New South WalesSuburban connectionProvided by.
Sydney is equipped with a complete expressway system, but mainly in the suburbs. The Pacific Highway is the main highway in Sydney.
Most areas of the Greater Sydney Metropolitan Area are equipped with buses, most of which follow the tram routes before 1963.The bus routes in the urban and suburban areas are managed by Sydney Bus Company, and the frequency is relatively high.Farther away, there are different private bus companies.
aviation
Sydney Airport Terminal
Sydney Kingsford Smith International AirportLocated in Massakao Special District, it is Sydney's main international airport and also a commercial airport still in operation with a long history in the world.The smaller Bankstown Airport mainly provides services for private and dedicated aviation.Hoxton Park and Camden are aviation training airports.Royal Australian Air ForceThe base is located in the northwest of the city center.Sydney Airlines has many international direct flights to Sydney from major cities in the world.[12]
As Sydney is close to the sea, seafood naturally becomes the best material in all kinds of cuisines.Mud crab, Moreton crayfish with shell and oysters are representative seafood delicacies in the Greater Sydney Metropolitan Area.Most stores still bake in the traditional way, with sweet, salty, meat and vegetable flavors.
Sydney Opera HouseIt is a large comprehensive art performance center in Sydney, Australia, and is famous for its unique architectural image.It was built on a stretch of land into the sea in Sydney Harbor, facing water in the east, west and north, and facing the Royal Botanical Garden in the south.
The Sydney Opera House has a total building area of about 88258 square meters, including a large concert hall with 2690 seats, an opera hall with 1547 seats, a theater with a capacity of more than 500 people and a small concert hall.In addition, there are rehearsal hall, reception hall, exhibition hall, recording hall, drama library and various ancillary rooms, a total of more than 900 rooms, which can accommodate more than 6000 people at the same time.The appearance of Sydney Opera House is three groups of huge shells, standing in a cast-in-place building, 186 meters long from north to south and 97 meters wide from east to westreinforced concrete structure On the base.
The reptile park is the largest reptile park in Australia. It was founded in 1948 and can be seen everywherelizard、spider、platypus、Wombat、Koala、kangarooandcrocodileAnd other animals.In addition, many animal performances are held in the zoo every day, including the tortoise exhibition, reptile show, koala and python show, koala show and spider show, and more performances will be held during holidays.
Pitt Street Mall
Pitt Street Shopping Center is composed of five multi-storey commercial streets, the city center, Sydney Central Mall, glass housesBlue Sky GardenIt is a famous shopping street composed of the Shore Shopping Corridor with a long history.
Foreign exchange
Announce
edit
China andAustraliaFormally establish diplomatic relations[13]Later, the Consulate General was established in Sydney in March 1979.New South Wales and Guangdong Province of China have become friendly provinces and states. For this reason, Guangdong Province has built a building with Chinese national characteristics in Sydney's Lover HarborChinese garden, in memory.
May 12, 1986, ChinaGuangzhou CityIt has become an international sister city with Sydney, Australia.[23]
