Dresden

The capital of Saxony, Germany

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Dresden; Sorbian : Drje ϕ d źź any, which means people living in the riverside forest, is transliterated into Dresden ）In Dresden, Germany Saxony The capital and the largest city, one of the ten major cities in Germany, and the east of Germany is second only to the capital Berlin The second largest city in China.

Dresden is Germany Important cultural, political and economic center It is also an important scientific research center in Germany, with the highest proportion of researchers in Germany's big cities, and is the core of the "German Silicon Valley". Dresden University of Technology yes Unification of Germany and Germany The last six new Federal State Top science and engineering University Alliance TU9 and German elite universities One of the 11 universities.

Historically, Dresden has been Kingdom of Saxony And served as the capital of poland The role of the capital, with hundreds of years of prosperity, splendid culture and art, is the highest in Europe The greening of the city Rate and many exquisite Baroque Architecture, known as one of the most beautiful cities in Europe.

Dresden World War II Europe before Consumption level The highest city in the late World War II was subjected to the controversial large-scale bombing of civilians by the Allies. After World War II Unification of Germany and Germany For decades, Dresden Nirvana rebirth , selected as one of the eleven charming cities in Germany rated by the German National Tourism Administration, and ranked among the top ten tourist destination cities, attracting a large number of tourists to visit every year, also known as“ Elbe River Florence on.

December 26, 2019, ranked 2019 Global Top 500 Cities No. 160 on the list.

Chinese name: Dresden
Foreign name: Dresden
Alias: Florence on the Elbe River
Administrative Region Category: Special city of federal state capital
Region: Saxony, Germany
geographical position: 51 ° 03 ′ N, 13 ° 45 ′ E
Area: 328.3 km² (Germany fourth)
Area under jurisdiction: Dresden
Government residence: 19 Dr. - K ü lz Ring Avenue
Area Code: 0351
Postal Code: 01067–01328，01465

climatic conditions: temperate continental climate
population size: 536600 (May 2013)
Famous scenic spot: Notre Dame Cathedral 、 Semper Opera House 、 Zwenger Palace 、 Bruhl's Terrace 、 Blue Miracle Bridge
Airport: Dresden International Airport
train station: Dresden Railway Terminal , Xincheng Railway Station^[1]
License plate code: DD
Dialect: Saxony local German
pillar industry: Microelectronics, pharmaceutical, machinery and electrical industry
Universities: University of Technology, College of Science and Technology, College of Arts
Historical span: More than 800 years
Average altitude: 113m

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▪ University of Technology
▪ University of Applied Science and Technology
▪ college of art
▪ Dance Academy
▪ academy of music
▪ International University
▪ Other institutions
nine scientific research institution
ten Transportation
▪ highway
▪ Railway
▪ aviation

City size

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Dresden urban population About 530000 people (2013), including 1.28 million people in the metropolitan area Urban agglomeration There are 3.2 million people in total. It is listed as one of the ten major cities in Germany, located in the southeast of Germany, Elbe River Valley, south away Czech Republic The border is 30 kilometers away from the Czech capital Bragg 150km, north of the German capital Berlin 200 kilometers away from Saxony in the northwest Leipzig 100 km. In 2002, Dresden was listed as the largest green city in Europe, with 63% of the area covered by green space and forests. The "Big Garden" is the largest in the city City Park 。

stay the Second World War Previously, Dresden was also the production center of German cameras, watches and high-end food, and one of the most developed industrial and commercial cities in Germany. According to some standards, Dresden is Europe Consumption level The highest city. During the Second World War, the city was subjected to large-scale air raids by the Allies, and after 40 years of East Germany's rule, the face of the city has changed beyond recognition. However, since the reunification of Germany in 1990, Dresden has once again become the cultural, political and economic center of eastern Germany, and has used federal reconstruction funds to restore many great buildings and historical sites, once again becoming a Germany tourist resources One of the richest cities, it attracts a large number of tourists every year.

Urban structure

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Dresden (6 sheets)

Dresden is a large city with an urban area of 328 square kilometre , ranking fourth in Germany. and Regierungsbezirk Dresden Area: 7930.80 Square kilometers (As per China Urban area statistical method ）, which governs three municipalities (Dresden, Dresden Gollitz Goerlitz Hoyersveda Hoyerswerda) and 8 districts. The original part of the city is the old city and the new city. After the development outside the city wall, a new boundary was built in the 18th century. The borders were planned and built by Saxon monarchs, so they are usually named after those monarchs. 1990s Unification of Germany and Germany , and the structure and appearance of each district of the city are different. Many places also contain the ancient rural core, while some places almost completely preserve the rural layout. another Class I area It is a former suburb with scattered villas and residential areas, and many apartment buildings were built in the socialist period. The districts of Dresden are a combination of the above areas.

natural environment

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geographical position

Dresden is located at 51 ° 03 'north latitude and 13 ° 45' east longitude. It is located on both banks of the Elbe River, mainly in Dresden Valley basin In the middle, it extends to the ore mountain range in the south, granite steep slope in the north and granite steep slope in the east Elbe Sandstone Mountains , about 113 meters above sea level. The highest point in Dresden is about 384 meters above sea level.

Thanks to Dresden's mild climate and suitable urban construction location, as well as the beautiful Baroque architecture , making Dresden known as "Florence on the Elbe River". For 60 years in history, the metropolitan area of Dresden (including the surrounding suburbs) is second only to Berlin , Hamburg and Cologne Germany's fourth largest urban area 。

The main rivers in Dresden are Elbe River It is also a navigable river flowing through the city. In this reach, many mountain tributaries flow into the Elbe River.

Dresden

Surrounding environment

As Dresden includes many rural areas, it has become one of the greenest cities in Europe, with 63% of the area covered by green space and forests. The area of Dresdner Heide in the north of the city reaches 50 Square kilometers 。 Dresden has four nature reserves, and a special reserve covers an area of 18 square kilometers. Protected gardens, paths, parks, old cemeteries and Natural memorial 。 The Elbe River Valley in Dresden is a protected world heritage and constitutes the culture of Dresden scenic horizon 。 The Yibei River grassland, which runs through the city for 20 kilometers, is an important landscape in the city.

national park

The nearest big German city to Dresden is Kemnitz (80km southwest) Leipzig (100 km northwest) and Berlin (200 kilometers to the north). Czech Republic capital Bragg 150 kilometers to the south; poland city Wroclaw It is 200 kilometers to the east. There are also some medium-sized towns in the Dresden metropolitan area, such as Pirna (40000 residents), Freital (40000 residents) Radboyle (33000 residents) and Mason (28000 residents). The Greater Dresden District already includes Carmens, Mason Lisa - Grossenhein, Bauzen, etc., with a total population of about 1.25 million.

Climatic characteristics

The climate zone of Dresden is moderately cool Continental climate However, since most of the urban areas are located in the Elbe River Valley Microclimate It is different from slope and highland. Klotzsche is 227 meters above sea level, which is a higher district of the city, Dresden weather station It is located there. According to experience, the air temperature ratio of Klotzsche inner city The temperature of is 1-3 ℃ lower. Especially on summer nights, the climate in this city is comfortable: the temperature at midnight is 25 ℃, which is not surprising.

Average data of urban climate in Dresden (1961-2010)

month

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

annual

Average temperature ° C (° F)

-0.7

(30.7)

zero point four

(32.7)

three point nine

(39)

eight point one

(46.6)

thirteen point one

(55.6)

sixteen point five

(61.7)

eighteen

(64.4)

seventeen point seven

(63.9)

fourteen point two

(57.6)

nine point eight

(49.6)

four point four

(39.9)

one

(33.8)

eight point nine

(48)

Precipitation mm (inch)

forty-five point seven

(1.799)

thirty-eight point six

(1.52)

forty-one point four

(1.63)

fifty-two point eight

(2.079)

sixty-three point four

(2.496)

seventy-four point five

(2.933)

sixty-eight point seven

(2.705)

seventy-six

(2.992)

fifty-one point three

(2.02)

forty-five point one

(1.776)

fifty-one point five

(2.028)

fifty-seven point seven

(2.272)

six hundred and sixty-six point seven

(26.248)

Sunshine hours

fifty-five point seven

seventy-five point two

one hundred and eleven point five

one hundred and forty-five point nine

two hundred and three point three

two hundred and one point one

two hundred and ten point nine

one hundred and ninety-seven point two

one hundred and forty-eight point four

one hundred and twenty-seven point two

fifty-eight point nine

forty-six point one

1,581.4

Source: German National Meteorological Center 2011-05-27

Snow Scene of Christmas Market (18 sheets)

January Average temperature It is - 0.7 ℃, and the average temperature in July is 18.1 ℃. The summer temperature in Dresden is higher than the average temperature in Germany, and the winter temperature is lower than the average temperature in Germany. Inner-city Annual average temperature 10.2 ℃. The driest season is February and March, precipitation Only 60 mm.

As Dresden is located on both banks of the Elbe River, some tributaries originating from the Ore Mountains converge, and the river passes through the throat of the inner city. Therefore, flood control is an important aspect to be considered in the development of the city. Therefore, buildings are not allowed to be built in large areas. Two trenches about 50 meters wide protect the inner city. Reservoir And reservoir, etc Flood regulation All systems are located outside the city.

Many places must be fenced or piled. Once the Elbe River overflows its tributaries, many areas of Dresden will be surrounded by water.

Military and political situation

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Political overview

Dresden is Germany Saxony Most of the authorities of Saxony are located in Dresden, including the state legislature, various departments of the state government, district courts (state Constitutional Court be located Leipzig ）。 The municipal council is elected every five years; The Supreme Mayor is the head of the municipal authority, who is directly elected by the citizens for a term of seven years. There are seven mayors under him. The first mayor (usually the cultural mayor) is also the deputy mayor. Federal Eastern Waterway Board of Directors It is also located in Dresden.

Dresden's local affairs often center around the development of urban space. The architectural design of public space is a particularly controversial topic. A planned crossing Elbe River The bridge of Dresden Elbe Valley this World Heritage Site The project has attracted international attention. Those who oppose the bridge construction believe that it will lose the qualification of world heritage. In 2005, the city held a referendum on whether to build a bridge.

In 2006, Dresden sold WOBA Dresden GmbH, a government subsidized housing organization, to American investment companies for 987.1 million euros hedge fund (Fortress Investment Group) paid off the remaining loans, becoming the first German big city not in debt. Opponents protest that the sale will make Dresden lose control of the subsidized housing market.

Dresden emblem of a city It is golden yellow, and one stick out its tongue in black lion And 2 black fences. The lion and the fence represent Mason who once ruled the city Boguo And Landsberger Pfaehle. Since 1309, the United Badge has been used. At first, the fence was blue, but later it was changed to black so that it could be compared with Leipzig and Kemnitz Is different.

military installation

As the capital of a German Elector and Kingdom, Dresden has been a military center for hundreds of years. Incorporated in 1871 German Empire Later, a huge military installation Albertstadt。 stay the First World War At first, it could accommodate 20000 military personnel. In 1918, the fortress was Restricted use In 1934, it resumed its activities for the Second World War Prepare. It's in Dresden bombing He was not attacked during the war, but in the last few months of the war railway network It is attacked and its function is limited.

After the war, Albertstadt Fortress became Soviet Union The headquarters of the tank troops stationed in Germany. Reunification of Germany After the withdrawal of the Soviet Union in 1992, Dresden had no military units except the German Military Academy.

Historical development

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Early history

Since the new Stone Age , Dresden has Lined pottery culture Our tribe lives here. There is an ancient Slavic settlement on the north bank of the Elbe River, which was later called the Old City. At this time, the Germans expanded eastward. In 1206, Dietrich, Earl of Mason, chose to build a German town Dresdene on the south bank of the Elbe River as his temporary residence, which is the core of the new city. In 1270, the outstanding Henry of the Earl of Mason officially established Dresden as his capital. After Henry died, the city became Kingdom of Bohemia And the Earl of Brandenburg. 1319 Wettin Dynasty Restoration. Since 1485 Duke of Saxony From 1547, it became Saxony elector Where to live.

"European Balcony"

From 1697-1706 and 1709-1733, Dresden's Electors of Saxony Frederick Auguste I was elected as stephan bathory Augustus the Strong , although the Polish capital is still Warsaw However, since then Dresden has a Polish name Drezno. As he planned to make Dresden the most important royal residence, he also began to find made in China The secret of porcelain ("white gold"); Under his rule, European porcelain was invented in Dresden and Mason. He also attracted many of the best architects and painters from all over Europe to Dresden. During this period, in J A. Under the direct guidance of Hasai, the music life of the city also began to become active. His rule marks that Dresden began to take a leading position in technology and art among European cities. His son Saxony Frederick Auguste II He also ruled Poland as King Auguste III of Poland in Dresden from 1734 to 1763. During his rule, he signed the Dresden Treaty in Dresden, ending the Second Silesian War, and then Seven Year War (1756-1763), Dresden suffered serious damage.

From 1806 to 1918, Dresden was Kingdom of Saxony The capital of Germany (incorporated into the German Empire in 1871). Napoleonic Wars During this period, Napoleon took this as military base On August 27, 1813, he entered the famous battle of Dresden And win the victory.

In the 19th century, the city became an important industrial center , including automobile manufacturing, food and Pharmaceutical industry 。 The city has also developed into an important international art and antiques sales center. Because of industrialization, urban population The number of people increased from 95000 in 1849 to 396000 in 1900.

Blue Miracle Bridge

In the early 20th century, Dresden was particularly famous for its camera factory, such as Ihagee, which produced love Keshan Tai-EXAKTA camera), Pantacon (Pentacon, production Becca -Praktica camera). In addition, there are tobacco factories, one of which is for people Impressive Yenidze, the building has a colorful glass roof, like a mosque Still exists. From 1918 to 1934, Dresden was Weimar Republic The capital of the First Free State of Saxony.

The city has suffered many damages in history: fire in 1491 and 1760 Prussian Army The city was damaged during the May uprising against constitutionalists in 1849, and was heavily bombed by the Allies in February 1945.

During World War II

Dresden was destroyed by the bombing of World War II German cities But in 1945 Dresden Bombing became one of the most controversial events in the war. February 13-14, 1945, the morning of Valentine's Day began Carpet bombing 。 The old city full of historical and cultural wealth along the Elbe River was the most severely damaged. Due to the river barrier, the new city with less damage became an older part of Dresden.

By this time the war was almost over. However, the Allies had just reorganized from the German counterattack. The defense of the city is not particularly strong, because the city mainly serves as the European cultural center, heavy industry It is not important, so it is strategically ignored. stay At the beginning of the war As it was far away from the Allied bombing range, it was safe for a time, and most of the air defense forces have been transferred to other places. Public evidence after the war shows that Germany's air defense forces are only "teenagers" antiaircraft gun Militia ".

stay General war Under the policy of, Dresden's highly developed optical industry (Carl Zeiss, Packard) began to produce precision aiming equipment during the war; Even peacetime cigarette factories have been transformed into arms factories. These factories mainly use local workers, but also Jewish slave labor 。 300 Israel Dresden concentration camp The majority of them, together with all 6000 Jews living in Dresden before the war (famous survivors such as the Dresden native writer Victor Klimber), were in the The war is over Was killed before. However, the above targets were not the main reason for the bombing of the city. Soviet Red Army It has approached Dresden from the east, and Dresden is a freight transport on a key railway line Marshalling station 。 Although the key factory Production equipment It has been bombed and destroyed (most of them recover quickly) British Air Force from German Air Force Air raid Coventry 、 Bath and London Inspired by the precedent of, the plan was to carry out "regional bombing" - launch a powerful fire attack.

Notre Dame Cathedral

Dresden bombing caused the complete destruction of the whole Dresden inner city (15 square kilometers) (including 14000 residential buildings, 72 schools, 22 hospitals, 19 churches, 5 Cinema , 50 banks and insurance companies, 31 department store , 31 large hotels, 62 administrative buildings, and the Ihago Photography Factory), and other areas were also damaged to varying degrees, except for the villa area. There are 222000 apartment houses in the city, 75000 of which were completely destroyed, 11000 were seriously damaged, 7000 were damaged, 81000 were slightly damaged, and the number of casualties was 3 million.

One view is that the Dresden bombing was Nazi Germany The tragic consequences caused by themselves, others think it is a war crime, and others think it is necessary to support the Red Army military action 。 Fortunately, most of the city's beauty has been restored, and the citizens enthusiastically restored the buildings of "Old Dresden". Dresden and Coventry are very good Partnerships Coventry was attacked by German air Severe damage 。

Cold War

After the Second World War, Dresden belonged to the socialist East Germany and was still an important industrial center with a large number of scientific research facilities. however Dresdner Bank And many famous enterprises chose to leave Dresden to avoid being nationalized. Some important Historical buildings It has been rebuilt, but the city still has many wounds that have not been healed. The Communist leaders of the city are motivated by the economic and ideology When rebuilding a large area of the city, we chose to adopt a relatively moderate socialist modern style, trying to get rid of the city's past status as the royal capital of Saxony and Germany bourgeois class The history of the fortress. Many churches that escaped the bombing were no longer repaired in the 1960s, but razed to the ground. In East Germany, Dresden is also known as "the valley of incompetence", because the city is located in a valley, which can prevent people from watching West Germany Television, which was illegal but popular in East Germany in the past. On October 3, 1989 (known as the "Dresden Campaign"), a train transporting East German refugees from Prague to West Germany passed through Dresden. Local radicals and residents joined the development of East Germany at that time Cooperative movement (moderate resistance movement), demanding the removal of non Democratic elections The Communist government of China.

From 1985 to 1990, Vladimir Putin (Current President of Russia ）Working in Dresden KGB KGB personnel work.

After unification

After the reunification of Germany in 1990, Dresden transferred market economy , due to the loss of the traditional Soviet Union and Eastern Europe Export market, while facing competition from West German enterprises Traditional industry Almost completely collapsed. However, Dresden has introduced new legal system With the funds from West Germany, large-scale reconstruction of infrastructure has attracted AMD 、 Motorola 、 Infineon 、 VOLKSWAGEN 、 Airbus , Japanese letterpress and other companies invested here, and their economy is gradually recovering.

A house that sings in rainy days

Dresden city image Experienced again Dramatic The most important change urban renewal The project is Dresden Notre Dame Church And nearby New markets Reconstruction of the zone. The church used to be the symbol of the city and the best Protestant church in the world. After reunification, it received donations from private individuals and communities, and began to rebuild on a pile of ruins on the original site of the church. In 2005 (the year before the 800th anniversary of Dresden's birth), the reconstruction of the church was completed. New Church of Our Lady According to history Photos and photo reconstruction, open to the public on Reformation Day in 2005. Many areas in the city center have regained their former glory for the first time since they were destroyed in the Second World War. The urban renewal project in Dresden will last for decades. Both the reconstruction of historic buildings and modern planning will continue the recent architectural renaissance of the city.

However, the Dresden bombing remains in the memory of the citizens. On the anniversary of the bombing on February 13 every year, tens of thousands of demonstrators gather to commemorate this event. The ceremony was often held during the Communist period, especially for Western allies, first of all the United States. After reunification, the ceremony began to be more neutral and pacifist, but radical right-wing National Democratic Party of Germany (NPD) Cited the Dresden bombing, and portrayed the Germans as the real people of the Second World War victim 。 In 2005, Dresden held the largest neo-nazi The demonstration was attended by 50000 to 80000 neo Nazi supporters, who denounced the "Allier Bombenholocaust" (German: Alliierter Bombenholocaust).

In 2002 and 2006, the Elbe River flooded twice in Dresden, but the impact was not significant. In 2004, the United Nations UNESCO declared the area near the Elbe River Valley in Dresden as“ World Cultural Heritage ”。

Economic industry

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World Trade Center

Dresden's economy once played an important role in German cities; In the former East German period, Dresdner Bank 、 audi In order to avoid being nationalized, famous enterprises such as automobiles left Dresden one after another. The economic growth of this city is far lower than that of the cities in West Germany, but it is still an important industrial center in East Germany, which is also the richest communist country. When entering the market economy, the traditional export markets of the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe occurred Economic collapse At the same time, in the face of strong competition from West German enterprises, Dresden's production enterprises almost completely collapsed. Since then, Dresden has established a new legal and circulation system, introduced West German funds to rebuild infrastructure, and its economy is in the process of rapid recovery.

Dresden is under German WIWO Economic Weekly It was rated as one of the top ten cities in Germany. In September 2007, New Germany Social market economy Cities released by the Research Center on the 7th investigation report It said that as of the end of 2006, Dresden Development speed Germany ranks first. This city has developed at an astonishing speed in the past year. Although it ranks eighth in a comprehensive way, it will still have a great growth in the future development potential 。

economic data

The highest proportion of researchers

Reunification of the two Germans Initially, Dresden's unemployment rate It is higher than that of cities in western Germany, and fluctuates between 13% and 15% (1990), while that of surrounding cities is between 15% and 18%. Today, however, Dresden is one of the best cities in the former East Germany in terms of economic development, economic base It is far better than other cities in former East Germany, and its development speed is even higher than that of many cities in West Germany.

Dresden is Germany's six new Federal State Medium industry Exports The highest city, with 239 enterprises with 30000 employees per month, exported more than 6.8 billion euros in 2011, Export quota The proportion is 52.4%, more than 35.8% in Saxony and 44.3% in Germany. In 2010, Dresden attracted more than 1 billion euros of investment.

In December 2013, the urban unemployment rate in Dresden fell to a historical low of 8.1%, gross domestic product About 16 billion euros; city Employees The average hourly wage is 17.72 euro, higher than 17.13 euro in Leipzig; GDP per capita It rose to 32100 euros (the international exchange rate was 41425 dollars that year), higher than the capital Berlin (30700 euros per capita), and the second largest city in the same state Leipzig (30500 euros per capita).^[2]

pillar industry

Electronic information

The semiconductor industry in Dresden was established in 1969, which accounted for a large proportion of Dresden's GDP silicon valley ”The core of. Major enterprises include AMD 、 Infineon , ZMD, Qimonda and Japanese relief Photomask Company. Their fabs and other factories attract many supplier And None Polluting enterprises Come to Dresden. Today, Dresden and its surrounding areas have developed into an electronic and microelectronics It is the largest microelectronic technology center in Europe with nearly 800 enterprises.

Chemical and pharmaceutical

The most famous medicine in the world, which rose at the end of the 19th century aspirin Born here, Saxony Serum Factory in Dresden belongs to GlaxoSmithKline Yes, it is the world's leading vaccine manufacturer. Another traditional Pharmaceutical factory Home is Dresden Pharmaceutical Factory.

Mechanical motor

VOLKSWAGEN 、 Airbus Elbe River aircraft Factory, Siemens and Linde Group 。 Volkswagen glass factory, specially for convenience Phaeton The car is designed for customer interaction, so that customers can supervise the whole process Production line Every detail, or according to Personal needs Change the design at any time.

tourism

Dresden as Germany's main tourist city First, a large number of people were employed. The city is an important place for cultural heritage tourism, with 287 hotels. The quality of accommodation ranked first among European tourist cities selected by the UK in 2012.

Volkswagen Phaeton Bentley Glass Factory

Cultural facilities

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Dresden is seeking to restore its cultural importance from the 19th century to the 1920s, when it was the center of art, architecture and music, Otto Dix, Oscar· Kokoschka 、 richard strauss , Senpa, Baluka and other famous artists are all active in the city. Dresden also has many important art collections Symphony Orchestra , Music choir And important buildings of various periods and styles, many of which are World War II It was destroyed and gradually rebuilt.

music

Semperoper, one of the top ten opera houses in the world

Dresden National Symphony Orchestra , namely the Saxony State Symphony Orchestra Staatskapelle Dresden ）The choir, which originated from the former Saxony Elector, was founded in 1548 and is the oldest symphony orchestra in the world. Its performance, like that of the Gewandhaus Leipzig Symphony Orchestra in Leipzig, belongs to the highest level in the world. As one of the oldest and most traditional orchestras in the world, Dresden's Wonderful music It has never stopped for four and a half centuries. In any historical period, it has always been the leading orchestra. In the middle of the world, German composer Heinrich Schutz acted as the conductor of the orchestra, praising the orchestra as "a beam of light emitted by the Protestant church will certainly shine!" Rousseau described it as a orchestra with "the most balanced strength and the most perfect effect". stay Beethoven The dialogue recorded in 1823 wrote that "in general, the Dresden National Symphony Orchestra is the best orchestra in Europe". conductor Richard Wagner Playfully called it a "magical harp ”。 composer richard strauss Call it "the best opera house orchestra in the world". After recording Salome with the orchestra, Ozawa Zhenger Poetically, he exclaimed, "This band is like a dream. It's really wonderful!" concert master command Colin Davis "This is the most unique orchestra".

Saxony State opera house (Semperoper) Semper Opera Or Sempel Opera House, built in 1816, where Weber, Richard Wagner, Richard Strauss and other representative figures of German opera all premiered a large number of works Architectural modeling Still in music history It is one of the models of opera houses in Europe and even the world. Dresden State Theatre is also independent of Germany light opera Performances and manages many small theaters. Several in Dresden choir In the middle, the Kreuzchor was founded in the 13th century, all by the cross music school Is the oldest in Germany Children's Choir 。 Dresden also has the famous Dresden Philharmonic Orchestra 。 In the summer of 2006, Dresden held the city building 800 Anniversary celebration , from the UK Pet shop boy The concert group and the local symphony orchestra performed live in the Prague Avenue pedestrian street.

There are many small cinemas in Dresden Cultural values Of cult Films and low cost films. Dresden is also a center for the production of animation and film optical technology. The annual Dresden Film Festival Short film The competition is the richest in Europe competitiveness Of.

museum

Staatlichen Kunstsammlungen Dresden, which is composed of 11 museums, has an important position in the world Zwenger Palace Of Successive masters Gemaleldegalerie Alte Meister and Gr ü nes Gewoebe in Dresden Castle are the most famous.

Dresden museum And Germany hygiene Museum, German National Military history museum , State prehistoric Museums, State Natural History Museum 、 ethnology Museum, Dresden City Museum , Transport Museum, and Dresden University of Technology There are more than ten museums, including the Art and Technology Museum and the Book Museum.

Architecture

Baroque city

Dresden is often called Baroque Most of the exquisite royal buildings and churches in the city are built in this style. Dresden Castle was once the seat of Saxony Palace, which has been rebuilt many times, so it has The Renaissance , Baroque and classicism And so on. The castle was completely destroyed in the Second World War, and the ruins were well preserved in the East German era. Since the reunification of Germany, it has been in the process of reconstruction.

The Green Dome Treasure Museum is the largest and most valuable collection in Europe Royal Treasure Museum , which is collected by Saxony royal families Gold and silver ware , Jewelry crown 。 Located across the road from the castle and built on an old fortress, Zwenger Palace is a German Baroque national treasure building, with a picturesque garden courtyard, and its past masters gallery To become a place for the royal family to collect artworks and hold celebrations Three heroes of the Renaissance one of Rafael A masterpiece of The Sistine Madonna The leader gathered Fermel, Rembrandt, Durer, Giorgione and Botticelli And others. be located city moat The side arched gate is decorated with a golden crown symbolizing the Polish monarchy. Overlooking the Elbe River, the Bruer Steps are nicknamed "European Balcony".

Hofkirche is Saxony Royal Church 。 Augustus the Strong In order to become the king of Poland, he converted from Protestantism to Catholicism and established this important Religious architecture , from the architect to the constructor Italy employ. In 1980, the church became Saxony Cathedral 。 Unlike the Catholic palace church, Dresden, a contemporary Protestant Lutheran church Notre Dame Cathedral It was built by citizens. It is the largest church in Dresden and one of the largest and most beautiful Protestant churches in the world. This makes Dresden one of the few places where the Cathedral is not the largest church. There is another one in Dresden Russia Orthodox Church 。

However, Dresden also received many other architectural style Impact of, such as The Renaissance Style Bauhaus School and Modernism and Postmodernism 。 Dresden is an important town in the history of modern architecture. Before the 1920s, all in one Classical architecture It forms the urban landscape of Dresden. Most of the existing buildings were built after 1945, some of which were old buildings rebuilt, and others were new buildings of modernism and post-modernism. The important buildings between 1945 and 1990 are the international Centrum Warenhaus department store , others are mainly front Soviet Union A residential area in a socialist style.

After the reunification of Germany in 1990, a new style emerged. Important contemporary buildings include the new synagogue（ Postmodern style Buildings with few windows) Transparent factory Saxony State Council, New Steps and Saxony State Library. UFA Film Center Austria Avant-garde Designed by Blue Sky, Germany's largest deconstruction It is one of the buildings with sharp corner shape.

Sculpture

Newtown Square

Dresden's most famous sculpture is located in Neustadter Markt square Frederick Augustus II The golden equestrian statue of, Goldener Reiter）， Show Augustus II starting from Dresden Street Warsaw He also served as the king of Poland. Another famous statue is the statue of Martin Luther in front of Notre Dame. In addition, there are about 300 beautifully carved fountains in the city of Dresden, most of which are located in parks and squares, playing a decorative role.

Higher Education

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Dresden has the highest proportion of higher education institutions in major German cities, mainly as follows:

University of Technology

Dresden University of Technology

Dresden University of Technology , founded in 1828, 11 German institutes Elite university One of the top nine German polytechnics University Alliance TU9 It is one of the oldest and most prestigious universities in Germany and even in Europe. With 126 majors, it has become a comprehensive university with the most extensive disciplines in Germany, and ranks among the top ten universities in Germany with 36962 students. It was the first German university to initiate and launch the patent initiative in 1994. In 2009, it advocated and launched the "Conceptual Dresden Alliance" composed of 14 leading cultural and scientific research institutions and more than 10 museums and libraries. It is a university in cooperation between Germany and the four major German scientific research institutions, the Leibniz Society, the Max Planck Society, the Helmholtz Society and the Francoff Society. In 2012, it ranked the third in German universities with 204 million euros of third-party project funding.

University of Applied Science and Technology

Dresden University of Engineering and Economic Applied Technology , Public University of Applied Technology , founded in 1992, has more than 5000 students. The key teaching and research fields are technology, modeling, economics and environmental science, and undergraduate and master degree courses are provided,

college of art

Dresden Academy of Arts, founded in 1764 Hochschule fuer Bildende Kuenste Dresden , referred to as Dresden HFBK, in a word, it can also be called Dresden Art School or Dresden Art College. The college was built and put into use in 1764. Therefore, if defined from the initial time of construction, the college is also Dresden's oldest College , the courses are: painting art; Arts and crafts, virtual and realistic art and culture; Drama, stage and Costume modeling ； Opera process planning 。 He once owned George Groze, Otto Dix, Oscar Kokoshka Bernardo Bellotto , Karl Gustav Karus, Kaspar David Frederick, Gerhard Richter and many other artists.

Zwenger Palace

Dance Academy

Dresden Dance Academy , founded in 1925 by Gret Palucca, is a major free dance school in Europe. Dance Dance art Design, dance education and dance art Master's degree Etc. College teaching focuses on the combination of skill, creativity and experience, and the curriculum integrates contemporary dance Classical dance and improvisation Knowledge. At the same time, the school introduced contemporary dance medicine and Theory of motion , promote content of courses improvement. Dance Academy and Dresden Opera House Cooperation opened at night training course It can provide learning opportunities for young dancers and increase students' professional experience.

academy of music

Dresden Conservatory of Music ——Founded in 1856, it has about 600 students and is one of the oldest music schools in Germany. Dresden Conservatory of Music has many majors to provide students with high-level teaching services. In addition, the school is associated with the opera house, theater, etc Cultural institutions Long term cooperation has been established, such as Dresden Opera House, Saxony National Choir, etc. These cultural institutions provide rich internship opportunities for students.

International University

Dresden International University DIU, a private graduate school, was established late but developed rapidly, mainly teaching in English, and has a cooperative relationship with Dresden University of Technology, which was newly recognized by the Ministry of Education in 2013.

Other institutions

Church Conservatory, Evangelical Church School of Social Work , Economy Higher professional college and Military Academy 。

scientific research institution

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Dresden has many world influential scientific research institution , including several research institutes under the four German scientific federations:

Germany Max Planck Society

Germany Max Planck Society (Max Slack Gesellschaft), dedicated to fundamental research In this field, there are three research institutions in Dresden: molecular cell biology and Gene technology Research Institute (CBG), solid Chemical Physics Research Institute (CPFS) complex system Institute of Physics (PKS)

Germany Fraunhofer Society

Germany Fraunhofer Society (Fraunhofer Gesellschaft), engaged in applied research, has 11 research institutions in Dresden, including Optoelectronic Technology IPMS, IKTS, Electronics Plasma FEP, IIS, Materials and Component technology Association (IWS) Nanotechnology Technical Center（ CNT ）, Association of Processing Machinery and Packaging Technology (AVV) and Transportation and Transport technology （IVI）

Germany Leibniz Society

Leibniz Gemeinschaft, Germany, has four research institutions in Dresden, including ecology And regional development Society (I Ö R), Polymer Research Society（ IPF ）, Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW), etc

Germany Helmholtz Union

Helmholtz Gemeinschaft has set up the Rosendorf Research Center (FZR) in Dresden, which is also one of the 18 national research centers in Germany, dedicated to Nuclear medicine , is the largest research institution in Dresden. The movement of matter in the strong field environment and ultra micro scale; Malignant tumor Early detection and effective treatment; Protect people and the environment from technical progress Brought by Negative risk ——This is the main research topic of Rosendorf Research Center.

Transportation

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highway

Several important expressway Passing Dresden. Germany A4 Expressway (from the west to Calais, France, via Belgium , Germany, Poland Ukraine 、 Russia , East Kazakhstan etc. Central Asia Part of the European E40 Highway in the country) passes through Dresden in the northwest in the west east direction. Germany's A17 expressway goes southeast to the border between Germany and the Czech Republic, and then turns into the D8 expressway of the Czech Republic in Usti to go directly to Prague. Germany A13 Expressway leads north to Berlin. Both A13 Expressway and A17 Expressway are European E55 Highway (From the north Sweden Helsingborg , via Denmark Germany, Czech Republic, Austria, Italy, and then across the sea Greece Kalamata ）Components of.

Railway

Dresden has two main Intercity railway Transport hub : Dresden Hauptbahnhof and Dresden Neustadtbahnhof. The most important railway lines lead to Berlin, Prague, Leipzig and Kemnitz in the short distance, and can directly lead to other European countries in the long distance Switzerland Austria, France, Denmark, etc. The three lines operated by the suburban train system and Long distance line parallel.

aviation

Dresden international airport Located in Klotzsche District in the northwest suburb, one of the main airports of the German trunk line, it can easily access Europe, France Spain , Italy, Greece, the United Kingdom, and other major cities in Germany have highways and suburban express S-Bahn which can be easily reached.

Dresden International Airport

shipping

Dresden is along the Central Europe One of the main shipping waterways Elbe River It is an important shipping river port, and the goods can be easily transported through the Elbe River and its connected shipping waterway Bragg 、 Magdeburg , Bremen Wolfsburg 、 Hanover 、 hamburger , from Elbe estuary To the Baltic 。

rail transit

Dresden's geological conditions are not suitable for construction Underground railway , tram system Strassenbahn Public transportation Is very important. Dresden has a large tram rail network, including 12 lines (Line 1/2/3/4/6/7/8/9/10/11/12/13) indoors, with a total length of 236 kilometers, which is the most complex ground with the most lines in Germany traffic system It has a history of 140 years. Many new vehicles are 45 meters long. Many tracks use separate subgrade, with grass planted in the middle to Noise elimination Some tracks are also located in the middle of the street, especially in the inner city. There is also a special service in the city VOLKSWAGEN CarGoTram, the freight car of the transparent factory, crosses the city to reach its logistics center. The transparent factory is located not far from the city center, adjacent to the largest park in the city. There are also three rail transit lines (S1/S2/S3) between the city and the suburbs for easy transfer, such as to the airport, Meisen, Grassuti Saxony Little Swiss National Park Etc.

Dresden: 12+3 rail transit route map

Bus rental

There are 33 bus lines in Dresden (6 downtown lines 61/62/63/64/65/66) rail transit The public can easily transfer, and the bus models mainly include Benz , MAN and electric vehicle. Taxis are unified into Mercedes Benz series, and at the same time, there are also mass commercial type taxis.

Tourism landscape

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City overview

The landscape of the Elbe River Valley in Dresden in the 18th and 19th centuries is 18 kilometers long along the depth of the river valley. It is mainly composed of ancient pastures, palaces, monuments, parks, and suburban areas with natural scenery in the 19th and 20th centuries villa And garden. Some terraces along the river slope along the river valley are still used Grape Planting, some ancient villages still remain industrial revolution The architecture and natural scenery of the period. Especially the 147 meter long steel bridge (1891-1893) Air railway (1898-1901), the ancient ferry (originated in 1879) and the shipyard founded in 1900 are still in use. Air railway. World Cultural Heritage ： Dresden Elbe Valley Scenery

The city hall overlooks the night view of Dresden

Dresden's Classical Beauty of Art (26 sheets)

After 1880, there was an urgent need for a new transport line , there is no vacant space on the ground, so Cologne Eugen Langen, an engineer of design scheme Adopted. The railway was constructed in 1898. On October 24, 1900 German Emperor William II Test the air railway in person. On March 1, 1901, the railway was open to the public. This railway is a full steel structure, which is under construction Engineering technology All aspects were the most advanced at that time. One hundred years later, this air railway is still the suspended railway in the world. Germany is renovating this railway and hopes it will run for another 100 years.

After Auguste III became a Catholic, he ordered the construction of a Catholic church. So Dresden catholic church Built by Italian architect Gaetano Chiaveri between 1939 and 1755, it is the largest in Dresden Saxony Baroque The interior of the church is decorated beautifully. There are rococo like sculptures of the master sculptor Balthasar Permoser on the pulpit, murals of Raphael Meng on the altar, and the pipe organ is the last masterpiece of Gottfried Silbermann. Although the cathedral survived the war in the 18th and 19th centuries, it was doomed in the Second World War and razed to the ground. It was rebuilt in 1945 and completed in 1971. In 1980, the cathedral became the bishop's church of Dresden Mason diocese, and the Catholic church on the Elbe River also became a beautiful landscape in Dresden. Dresden, which straddles the banks of the Elbe River, had a glorious time. In the 18th century, as Saxony elector and stephan bathory Of Augustus Dali Wang devoted himself to developing the city he loved into the cultural and artistic center of Europe at that time. World War II Under the heavy bombing at the end of the period, the Allies almost razed the German city to the ground. The reconstruction and restoration from the ruins left by the war have lasted for 60 years intermittently, and the city has not yet fully recovered.

The Catholic Court Church not far away is the largest church in Saxony. This building, which has been built for nearly 300 years, has numerous lifelike statues erected outside. The pulpit inside an altar And the pipe organ is designed by different masters. Although Augustus' remains were buried in poland However, his heart was stored in the crypt of the church, which shows his persistent nostalgia for Dresden. Senpa opera house It is one of the masterpieces of the 19th century architect Gottfried Semper. Since its completion in 1841, the opera house suffered from two disasters of destruction and reopened for the third time in 1985. Wagner (Wagner), Strauss weber (Weber) and other music giants have been frequent guests of this concert hall.

Dresden has a 101 Meter long Porcelain frescoes of Wettin Dynasty The monarchs of all dynasties. The king is vividly shown in the picture in the form of riding in a procession.

Dresden Snow (5 sheets)

Notre Dame Cathedral (Frankirche) The city emblem and the outline of its huge dome have already become Urban landscape An integral part. Unable to resist the destruction of shells during the war in 1945, Fulin Cathedral collapsed more than 200 years after its completion. The ruins left behind remind people of the cruelty of war in the post-war communist era. The reconstruction plan of the church was finally launched in 1992, and it was reopened on October 31, 2005. In the reconstruction process of the church, the bricks left after the explosion should be used as much as possible. Therefore, innumerable grays and blacks are still clearly visible in the walls of the new church Stone brick 。 The junction of new and old bricks looks like scars, evoking the old creation of Fulin Cathedral. Nevertheless, the beautiful lines of the church are still magnificent.

Dresden is famous for its culture and art Florence ”It is called. Whoever has not seen Dresden has not seen beauty. Beauty is completely defined by Dresden.

Official recommendation

"There are many cultures Expression And defining standards. One is very simple, that is "Dresden". This city has a large number of magnificent cultural heritage Let visitors hold their breath and marvel. Dresden people integrate all of this into the beautiful and attractive riverside scenery, and tourists' amazement will soon turn into crazy love for the city.

The word "world-famous" has been abused in many places, but Dresden definitely deserves this adjective. Because there are not only "three giants" here- Zwenger Palace (Zwinger)、 Semper Opera (Semperoper) and Notre Dame Church (Frankirche), Br ü hlsche Terrasse, Residenz schloss ）Elbschl ö sser, Blasewitzer Villenviertel, Hellerauer Gartenstadt, etc. on the Loschwitzer Hang, of course, don't forget the twelve museums that exhibit national art collections. The center of this city is located on the left bank of Elbe River, which is just located in a beautiful River bend The vertex of.

The most qualified building in the city to be crowned with the adjective of "world-famous" is Zwinger Palace, which is Baroque architecture The pinnacle of the masterpiece. The Frauenkirche, one of the most important Protestant churches, is dazzling and charming from the ruins; Saxony State Opera House, also known as Senpo Opera House, is an Italian opera house The Renaissance The style of the great building is undoubtedly one of the most beautiful opera houses in the world. The Bruer platform is known as the "European balcony". From the park there, you can have a panoramic view of the Elbe River and see the new city on the other side; With Modern Masters The Albertinum in Galerie Neue Meister and Skulpturensammlung is another cultural highlight in Dresden. There are also many large museums in the city, such as the Green Dome (Gr ü nes Gew ö lbe) in the National Capital Palace, which is one of the largest treasure museums in the world; also turkey T ü rckische Camer Successive masters Gallery (Gem ä ldegalerie Alte Meister), etc. The latter has a large collection of art treasures, of which the most Dazzling It belongs to Raphael《 The Sistine Madonna 》(Sixtinische Madonna), tourists will surely enjoy an unparalleled cultural experience.

In the past 700 years, "music" has also been a major element in making Dresden a "world famous" city. This does not mean opera alone, but includes Dresden National Symphony Orchestra (Staatskapelle)、 Dresden Symphony Orchestra (Philharmonie), Dresden Holy Cross choir (Dresdner Kreuzchor) chorus and Orchestral music The performance made the audience Excited 。 Attractive Internationality Celebrations , exciting theatrical performances and Dance performance There are also top performances created by Semper Opera House and others... Dresden's wonderful performances are non-stop throughout the year. In Dresden, Jazz Also a representative of culture, the International Dixieland Festival is the largest in Europe traditional jazz A grand event. "Riverboat Shuffle" has always been the climax of the music festival, when the Dixieland Jazz Parade will pass through the old city along Prager Stra ß e. In addition, Dresden's festivals calendar There are also many outdoor activities, such as Filmn ä chte am Elbufer, Elbhangfest, and concerts held in the romantic park of Elbschl ö sser.

Compared with the great traditional cultural heritage, the modern architecture of this city is no inferior. new synagogue (Neue Synagoge) and deconstruction UFA Crystal Palace Cinema (UFA Kristallpalast) is one of the best, which is composed of Austria Architecture office“ Blue sky group ”(Coop Himmelb (l) au) design. The main railway station is also one of the important attractions. The reconstruction project of the railway station is designed by the designer Norman Foster (Norman Foster), he uses transparent Teflon The membrane wraps the old steel structure in it, making the building present a strong sense of modernity. military history museum (Milit ä rhistorisches Museum) can't be missed. This museum was built according to the Daniel Libeskind (Daniel Libeskind). The "Blue Miracle Bridge" (Blaues Wunder) is the first bridge without piers in Europe. Its design was astounding at that time, and it was also an outstanding engineering work with stunning viewing effect.

If you visit Dresden in December, you will be greeted by another cultural event - "Striezelmarkt" Christmas market. It's the oldest in Germany Christmas Market The first time the history was published was in 1434, which is still a happy sea of lights, colors and smells. Enjoy it here Sweet red wine , Christmas biscuits and hot chestnuts, feel the grand atmosphere at your fingertips, and of course, taste Dresden specialties- Christmas cake "Christstowen", here called "Striezel". If you use a word to describe it, it must be - world-famous. "^[3]

City highlights

Protestant Peter Church: Notre Dame Church

Notre Dame Church

The rebuilt Frauenkirche is considered Protestant Church architecture It is one of the monuments and masterpieces of European Baroque style architecture. For more than 250 years, this masterpiece designed by the architect George B ä hr has been a symbol of the wealth and faith of Dresden citizens. Notre Dame Church was built from 1726 to 1743. After it was bombed and destroyed in 1945, the scarred ruins became a warning monument against war. Today, it is a symbol of reconciliation and peace. In 2005, the reconstruction of the church was completed under the worldwide attention. Beautiful concerts and meditative prayers invite tourists to experience the great Notre Dame Cathedral. church Free 。

Gorgeous Architecture and Miracle of Sound Effect: Schempel Opera House

Shenpeier Opera House

from Gottfried Sempel The Semperoper designed by Gottfried Semper and built from 1838 to 1841 is Dresden National Opera House The Royal Opera House and the National Opera House in Saxony have a long history and tradition. Opera house orchestra It is a Dresden Saxony country with a long history philharmonic orchestra 。 Ingenious architectural style And excellent Sound effect This makes this theater the peak masterpiece of opera house architecture in the 19th century and one of the most beautiful opera houses in the world. This opera house has the architectural style of the heyday of the Italian Renaissance, Interior design It is unforgettable; A large number of paintings and artistic value Extremely high jewelry.

The classical giant gallery of Zwenger Palace in Dresden

Zwenger Palace

The whole work of art can be called one of the most important post baroque buildings in Europe. The golden domed Kronentor is the city of Dresden city emblem One of the chronicles. As the venue of the royal festival, Zwinger had the kurf ü rstlicheKunstsammlung, library, Gem ä ldegalerie Alter Meister, R ü stkammer, Porzellansammlung Zoological Museum (Tierkundemuseum) and Mathematisch Physikalischen Salon. This is one of the most important collections of European paintings between 1350 and 1800 in the world. There are more than 760 works in the museum, including European paintings The Renaissance Rafael's《 The Sistine Madonna 》。 Tourists can take a rest in the courtyard and enjoy the beautiful fountains and dreamlike scenery; In summer, this is a grand stage for outdoor activities.

Royal Mural Gallery

Royal Mural Gallery

This is the world's largest porcelain mural, the Processing of the Princes, which is 101 meters long. The wall is inlaid with 27000 pieces of ceramic tiles produced by Meissen.

The mural recounts Kingdom of Saxony The emperors of the Wettin Dynasty described the equestrian statues of the Saxon princes and the artists at that time from 1123 to 1904, with a total of 93 people.

The Golden Age in the Green Dome

The Golden Age in the Green Dome

The Green Dome (Gr ü nes Gew ö lbe) was once the treasure house of the Wei Ting Saxon rulers, with an exhibition area of about 2000 square meters. The museum collects various masterpieces of jewelry and gold making art, attracting thousands of visitors every year. However, only 100 tourists per hour can enjoy this exciting time tour - visiting the green dome requires some planning. Green dome Admission ticket Superscript There is a specific time, visitors can only point of time Enter and visit. This can avoid the crowd, so that all visitors can quietly enjoy the museum's treasures.

Mathematical Physics Salon in Zwenger Palace

Mathematical Physics Salon in Zwenger Palace

As the oldest History of Science One of the exhibitions, located in Zwinger, Dresdner mathematical physics Mathematisch Physikalische Salon has set up five exhibition themes: Der Kosmos des F ü rstendes: about 1600 wonderful mechanical objects and Mathematical tools 。 Instrumente der Aufkl ä rung: introduces the history of museums. Das Universum der Globen: globe and Celestial sphere , enjoying a high reputation all over the world. Der Lauf der Uhren: The Renaissance since automatic plant And the history of clocks. Der Salon im Salon Learning space 。

New Giant Hall

New Giant Hall

The Der neue Riesensaal in Dresden is like a large armory, displaying precious weapons, armor and battle robes carefully selected from all over the world. There are 350 exhibits here. Visitors can enjoy many sports and ritual weapons, and learn about various ancient sports Sports competition You can also see the magnificent life of the Elector of Saxony Palace. The whole hall is 57 meters long and 13 meters wide, spacious and bright. Opening Hours : 10:00 - 18:00 every day except Tuesday

"Three Good Things": Three castles in Yibei

Yi Bei San Castle

Schloss Albrechtsberg, Lingnerschloss and Schloss Eckberg, also known as "dreiElbschl ö sser", are located near the Elbe River slope in the suburb of Radeberger, about 3 kilometers east of the city center. Viewed from the opposite side of the Elbe River, an impressive Landscape painting 。 The three buildings were built in the hillside vineyard from 1850 to 1861, inlaid in the wide garden of British style. In the daytime, pass through several gates along the Bautzener Landstra ß e rural highway and cross the Elbe River cycle path The nearby city gate can freely enter and exit the three castles of Yibei.

Art in the Garden City: The Festival Theatre in Hellau

Herau Festival Theatre

Located in the first building in Germany garden city The Festspielhaus Hellerau was built in 1911 and designed by the architect Heinrich Tessenow. The legendary Hellerau is here Bauhaus The birthplace of (Bauhaus) style has revived. As before, it has become a charming art place in the suburbs of Dresden, where artistic dreams and attempts are put into practice. Since 2004, it has become the performance venue of the European Center for the Arts in Hellau. The center guides the cross-border trend of art in Europe. Theatrical program guides Covering drama, dance, media art plastic arts , performance and music.

Engineering Art in Metropolitan Area: Blue Miracle Bridge

Blue Miracle Bridge

Because of the beautiful scenery, you can overlook the Yibei River Valley. The mountain slope of the Yibei River in Loschwitzer (Elbh ä nge) has always been one of the preferred areas for urban housing. Built from 1891 to 1893, the "Blue Miracle Bridge" (Blaues Wunder) connects Loschwitz and Blasewitz. It is the first bridge without piers in Europe. Its steel Truss structure At that time, it was regarded as a technological miracle because Iron bridge upper Brush coating Of sky blue It is officially called Loschwitzer Br ü cke. For several years, experts have been discussing the future of this building, believing that it can be used at least until 2030. Starting from K ö rnerplatz, there are two climbing cableways, one high and one low, leading to Elbh ä nge.

Blue smoke and oriental color: Yenidez

Yenidez

Yenidze was once a tobacco factory in Dresden. Its name comes from that time Ottoman Empire Today, the city is called Genissea. In 1909, Martin Hammitzsch designed this mosque It has a glass dome and Minaret The chimney of. In 1966, Yenidez was used as Dresden tobacco Comprehensive office building In the warehouse building and administration building, Stained glass The dome is re glazed in a simple tone. In the same year, after the restoration faithful to the original appearance, the building reopened as an office building, and the Dome Restaurant officially opened.

German Military History Museum

German Military History Museum

The Milit ä rhistorisches Museum der Bundeswehr, located in Dresden, is the most important historical museum in Europe. Human beings and the causes and consequences of war and violence are the theme of the exhibition here. More than 10000 exhibits bring tourists about the culture and Social History New insights. The exhibition here has won many awards, and Museum building Designed by the star designer Daniel Libeskind, it can be said that they add radiance to each other. Opening Hours: Tuesday to Thursday: 10:00 - 18:00, Monday: 10:00 - 21:00, closed on Wednesday

German Health Museum

German Health Museum

Dresden German Health Museum (Deutsche Hygiene Museum) is the most important and creative cultural place in Germany, where there are interesting exhibitions such as "Abenteuer Mensch" and "Unsere f ü nf Sinne" for children. The traditional building built in 1912 has now become a trans regional center of technology, culture and exchange. In addition to many special exhibitions worth watching, many activities will be held here, such as lectures, group discussions, recitations, conferences and concerts with celebrities, etc. Opening Hours: Tuesday to Sunday: 10:00 - 18:00

Automobile manufacturing: glass factory

Glass factory

from Munich Architects The glass factory (Gl ä serne Manufaktur) designed by Gunther Henn represents the New era It is a model work with bright prospects - smooth, clean, glass and transparent. This one is quite Representativeness The luxury buildings of Saxony and public Group's Status symbol The future atmosphere and the famous Baroque myth are integrated in this wonderful garden. Environmental protection - CarGoTram freight cars run between the Volkswagen Logistics Center near the Dresden Friedrichstadt railway station and the factory, transporting all other parts except the body.

The Most "Strange" Cinema in Germany: "Crystal" UFA Comprehensive Cinema

"Crystal" UFA Comprehensive Cinema

The unique "Crystal" UFA Comprehensive Cinema („ Kristall "UFA Pacific) is composed of Vienna The architectural firm "Blue Sky Group" (Himmelb (l) au) was designed in 1997/98. The cinema leans to the blue sky vitreous body Architecture can be called Deconstructive architecture It is a model, in sharp contrast to the surrounding buildings made of prefabricated concrete slabs in the pre East German period. Frontal Appearance design It is a contradictory combination of concrete, steel and glass. The building is decorated with glass and supported by a clearly visible steel skeleton crystal structure , hence the name of the cinema.

Dresden University of Technology Library

Dresden University of Technology Library

Founded in 1556, it was officially opened to the public in 1788. In 2002, it moved to the new library on Zellesche Street, where all the books were collected. It now has nearly 8.94 million books, ranking first among 384 German universities, and the most important Knowledge exchange , Book Archive Center.

The library has a book museum, the most famous collection is 2012 Mayan Prophecy Ancient books, one of the three existing editions in the world, and the other two volumes are in France Paris And Spain Madrid 。

A New Town with Multi end Transformation -- Baroque and Fashion Zone

Baroque and Fashion Zone

Diffuse Multicultural The new urban district (Neustadt) is the most vibrant district in Dresden. Many Dresden artists, musicians Balcony greening Designers, international reformers and college students all come from here. In the romantic "maze" of the fashion district, there are more than 300 pubs, small dance halls, galleries, studios, music clubs and Fashion trend Small shop. "Bunte Republik Neustadt" is a traditional art and culture festival and one of the most famous urban festivals in Germany.

Architecture and shopping experience: New Town Market Hall

New Town Market Hall

Bathed in the sun, the iron railings, the beautifully decorated iron stairs, and the interesting hanging lamps in the style of the economic boom period - Neust ä dter Markthalle makes tourists feel as if they were in the market around 1900. After the reconstruction in 1999, the market hall has regained its former glory. Traditional buildings and modern shopping malls are integrated into four floors, which brings endless charm. Its unique dome is regarded as the most beautiful market hall and architectural art A rare treasure; It has maintained its functionality and attractiveness.

Nearby landscape

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Recommended tourist attractions in Dresden:^[4]
one	Bruhl's Terrace Brühlsche Terrasse	The Blur platform is a popular place for locals and tourists to walk, watch and drink coffee. The Bruer platform is famous for its magnificent open steps. It is known as the "balcony of Europe". Most people can enter the platform from the castle square at the west end of the platform. In addition, there are four sculpture stairs from the Supreme Court of Saxony to enter the Bruer platform. From here, you can also overlook the palace church and the famous Senbo Opera House.
two	Catholic Court Church Katholische Hofkirche	Catholic palace church, officially known as the Cathedrale St. Trinitatis. The Elector of Saxony, HouAugust II, converted from Protestantism to Catholicism in order to become the king of Poland, so he decided to establish the Saxony Royal Church in Dresden. From 1738 to 1751, Italian architect Gaetano Chiaveri was responsible for the design. All the architects and constructors of the church are hired from Italy. The church style is Rococo style, which is one of the largest churches in Saxony.
three	Cross Church Kreuzkirche	Its predecessor was the Nikolai Church. It was built in 1764-1814, and the early classical style was added to the later Baroque style. The 54 meter high tower of the church has 256 steps. The tower is equipped with an observation tower, from which you can overlook the magnificent Grand Canyon of the Elbe River.
four	Maisen, the Capital of Porcelain in Europe Messen	As the "Jingdezhen" in Europe, Meisen Town, known as the "white gold" town in Europe, is located in the northwest of Dresden, beside the Elbe River, and is famous for producing white porcelain. The town has a strong ancient porcelain culture, and the town's landmark Fraun Church is equipped with a ceramic clock; The Nikolai Church built in the early 12th century has the world's largest (2.5 meters high) porcelain statue beside it; The porcelain workshop is the most attractive place for tourists, who can visit the whole process of porcelain production; In the Porcelain Museum, you can enjoy more than 3000 pieces of ancient porcelain. Take S1 to the west at Dresden Main Railway Station for 30 minutes.
five	Glasuti, an important watchmaking town Glashutte	Located in the southern suburbs of Dresden, as one of the top mechanical watch brands in the world with 100% self made movement in its full range of watches, Glassoti's blood originates from the German watchmaking city Glash ü tte, which has 165 years of watchmaking history. Visit the Glassoti Watchmaking Museum in Germany and experience the watchmaking legend in a small town. Take the southbound train to Dresden Main Railway Station for 30 minutes.
six	Saxony Little Swiss National Park Nationalpark Sächsische Schweiz	It is located in the southeast of Dresden. It protects Elbe River Most of the Yibei River sandstone mountain range, which was formed in 100 million years, covers an area of 36000 hectares. Unique Cretaceous erosion landscape, unique Cretaceous sandstone rock landscape, deep valleys Pingdingshan And the canyon is the characteristic of the park, as well as the Konishtein Fortress, Rato Rock Theater, Bartshando Museum, and the Freselstek Castle. Take S1 to the east at Dresden Main Railway Station for 30 minutes.

Sister city

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City name	country	time
Coventry	britain	one thousand nine hundred and fifty-nine
St.Petersburg	Russia	one thousand nine hundred and sixty-one
Wroclaw	poland	one thousand nine hundred and sixty-three
Skopje	Macedonia	one thousand nine hundred and sixty-seven
Ostrava	Czech Republic	one thousand nine hundred and seventy-one
Brazzaville	Republic of Congo	one thousand nine hundred and seventy-five
Florence	Italy	one thousand nine hundred and seventy-eight
hamburger	Germany	one thousand nine hundred and eighty-seven
Rotterdam	Netherlands	one thousand nine hundred and eighty-eight
Strasbourg	France	one thousand nine hundred and ninety
Salzburg	Austria	one thousand nine hundred and ninety-one
Columbus	U.S.A	one thousand nine hundred and ninety-two
Hangzhou	China	two thousand and nine

City Team

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Dynamo Dresden (SG Dynamo Dresden), a football club in Germany, whose home court is located in Saxony In Dresden, the club was founded in 1950 East Germany Of secret police A subordinate football club. Dresden Dynamo is one of the most popular and successful football clubs in East Germany. It has won the East German football for eight times in the past Premier League The champion of. But in Unification of Germany and Germany After that, the club fell into turbulence. During 1991-1995 The Bundesliga League events. Later, Dresden Dynamo attended German Football League B Events.

Rudolf Habig Stadium in Dresden

Dresden Dynamo

German Official: Dynamo Dresden

Chinese translation : Dynamo Dresden Team

German home: Rudolf Harbig Stadion/Gl ü cksgas Stadion

Chinese translation name: Rudolf Ha Beagle court

Country: Germany

League level: German Second Division

Novice on the road

Growth task Getting Started with Editing Edit Rule Edit by myself

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