Song of Germany

The National Anthem of the Federal Republic of Germany

synonym German National Anthem (German national anthem) generally refers to the German song

The Song of Germany is a song sung by German citizens. It is composed by Auguste Heinrich Hoffman von Flesseben and composed by Franz Joseph Haydn.

Chinese name: Song of Germany
Foreign name: DasDeutschlandlied
Song duration: 4 points
Original Song: German nationals
Filling words: Auguste Heinrich Hoffman von Flesseben

Compose music: Franz Joseph Haydn
Arranges music: Franz Joseph Haydn
Issue Date: February 13, 1797
Song language: German
Song status: National Anthem of the Federal Republic of Germany

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seven lyric

brief introduction

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Song of Germany （ German DasDeutschlandied) or German Song (German Das Lied der Deutsche) Federal Republic of Germany The national anthem of. Music score《 Emperor Quartet 》Be famous classical music home Franz Joseph Haydn It was written in 1797 and was later designated as Austro Hungarian Empire God bless my emperor Franz (Ode to the Emperor). The lyrics of the German version are Liberalism The poet Professor AugustHeinrich. Hoffman. von Fallersleben (1798-1874) wrote it on the evening of August 26, 1841. 1922 All lyrics The song was first rated as German National Anthem 。 the Second World War Later in 1952, the West German government made this song the national anthem, but except The third paragraph: unity, justice and freedom (Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit in German), the rest of the lyrics may cause controversy and will not be used as official lyrics. On August 19, 1991, it was officially recognized as the federal The national anthem.

World War II Later in the same period, German Democratic Republic The national anthem of (East Germany) is《 Auferstanden aus Ruinen 》。 German unification in 1990 After the whole territory of the German Democratic Republic joined the Federal Republic of Germany, only the third group of lyrics, unity, justice and freedom were confirmed as the unified national anthem of the Republic. So are unity, justice and freedom German National Motto 。

Birth history

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The tune of "German Song" is composed of Franz Joseph Haydn （Frantz Joseph Haydn , 1732 - 1809) in 1797, originally Austria National Anthem Kaiserhymn (Imperial Anthem) was first performed on February 12, 1797.

Haydn visited England twice between 1791 and 1795 London , once on public occasions Haydn heard British National Anthem In the performance of "God Save the King", Haydn was deeply impressed by the rich emotion of the song. Inspired and inspired by the song, Haydn wanted to create a national anthem for his motherland to express his loyalty to the royal family and the motherland.

In 1796, Austria and France started a war, which further inspired the composer to write the national anthem. Soon after, Haydn returned to Austria. His friend Sweeton told the then Austrian Prime Minister Salau of Haydn's idea. Salau asked the poet Haushka to write the lyrics of "God bless Emperor Franz". Haydn, according to the lyrics of Gott Erhalte Franz den Kaiser Croatia Based on folk songs, it was composed into four solemn choruses in January 1797, one of which is "National Anthem of Austria ”, also known as the Emperor's Anthem.

On February 12, 1797, the birthday of the Austrian King Franz Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, this national anthem was held in Salzburg Palace Vienna National Theatre and local Grand Theatre Sing at the same time. Haydn loved this melody very much. In 1799, he used the tune of this national anthem as Hob No.III:77. C major string quartet The second movement Poco adagio, canadile Variations This work is therefore called《 Emperor Quartet 》。

According to some literature records, in 1809, Haydn was dying when Napoleon's French army besieged Vienna. In the days of constant gunfire, Haydn often played the song on the piano with deep feelings when he was dying, hoping to get spiritual comfort from it, which shows his love for the national anthem. In order to calm himself and the frightened servant, he played this song three times. The theme contained in this final movement shows the profundity and richness of Haydn's skillful use of harmony and counterpoint in the late period.

The author of the lyrics in sections 1-3 is a poet Auguste Heinrich Hoffman von Flesseben (August Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben, 1798-1844), born in Silesia Of Breslau (present genus poland ）"Von Flesseben" is his own aristocratic title. He was expelled from Breslau University, where he taught, because of his liberal views, and was expelled from conservative and autocratic Prussia to settle down in Helgoland （Helgoland）—— Napoleonic Wars During this period, the UK Denmark The poem was written in 1841. At that time, Germany was not unified, and 38 states and Free market There are only one loose“ German Confederation ”Exists. However, since the Napoleonic War, Germany's nationalism Enthusiasm rose. The author uses this poem to express his great German feelings. But he's not like the others“ patriot ”He is not a fanatical advocate of territorial expansion Chauvinism In the first paragraph, the four boundary rivers (Maas, Muir, Ish and Belt) in the west, east, south and north of the German territory mentioned in the first paragraph also have no meaning of territorial expansion, but German nation The natural boundary of settlement in Europe at that time.

The Second Empire

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On October 5, 1841, this poem (called the German Song) was first published in Hamburg. In 1871, a unified German Empire In France Palais de Versailles The Mirror Gallery was established. At that time, the German emperor chose a hymn as the lyrics of the national anthem, "Heil dir im Siegekranz, Herrscher des Vaterlands!" (Hail to thee , garlanded in victory, conqueror from the Fatherland! ）。 It was not until 1890 that Hoffman's wish was realized and his works were German Emperor William II It was chosen as the lyrics of the German national anthem - because the lyrics "Germany is above everything" were very consistent with that time The Second Empire Those crazy Militarism The appetite of molecules, although the author's original intention of writing this paragraph has been distorted. the First World War During this period, German soldiers went to the battlefield singing the song "Germany, Germany is above everything", Adolf Hitler This scene was also described in My Struggle.

Weimar Republic

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Although the patriotism expressed in this song is Wilhelm II The warlike militarists distorted it, but on August 11, 1922, Weimar Republic president Friedrich Albert The reason why we chose it as the national anthem of Germany again is that "it is a link to unite the German people".

The Third Reich

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The Third Reich At that time, this song was once again used by those who were outspoken. Nazi Party I found that this song can match their political views very well - the four rivers in the first paragraph became Germany Territorial expansion The minimum standard of Lithuania In the case of an inland river of the Republic; The second paragraph, the most prosaic one in content, was also accepted by the Nazis for praising "German women", "German loyalty", "German wine" and "German songs"; The third paragraph expresses Liberalism The point of view is considered unacceptable. In the entire Third Reich period, this lyrics were ignored or even forgotten.

Federal Germany

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Weimar Republic The remaining democratic spirit was Federal Republic of Germany Inheritance. On September 29, 1949, the German Parliament voted to restore the status of this song as the national anthem Federal Germany In China, there is a heated debate on whether this song can be accepted as the national anthem. German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer and German Social Democratic Party leader Kurt Schumacher All support this song, but the President of the Federal Republic of Germany Theodor Heuss (Theodor Heuss) doubts whether it can be accepted. The writer Rudolph Schroeder created a new national anthem, but it was not accepted. After a long debate, President House announced in 1952 that only Lyrics of the third paragraph The song of（ Deutschland lied）。

lyric

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Comparison of lyrics (1-3 paragraphs)
Original German	Chinese translation
Deutschland, Deutschland über alles, Über alles in der Welt,* Wenn es stets zu Schutz und Trutze Brüderlich zusammenhält. Von der Maas bis an die Memel, Von der Etsch bis an den Belt, Deutschland, Deutschland über alles, Über alles in der Welt! Deutschland, Deutschland über alles, Über alles in der Welt!	Germany, Germany, above all else, Above all things in the world; Whenever, in order to protect and defend, Brothers always stand together. From Maas to Memel, From Etsch to Belt, Germany, Germany, above all else, Above all things in the world. Germany, Germany, above all else, Above all things in the world!
Deutsche Frauen, deutsche Treue, Deutscher Wein und deutscher Sang Sollen in der Welt behalten Ihren alten schönen Klang, Uns zu edler Tat begeistern Unser ganzes Leben lang. Deutsche Frauen, deutsche Treue, Deutscher Wein und deutscher Sang! Deutsche Frauen, deutsche Treue, Deutscher Wein und deutscher Sang!	German women, German loyalty, German wine, German songs; All over the world, but always Their ancient and noble reputation; Inspire us to pursue noble cause, Even if it takes our whole life. German women, German loyalty, German wine, German song! German women, German loyalty, German wine, German song!
Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit Für das deutsche Vaterland! Danach lasst uns alle streben Brüderlich mit Herz und Hand! Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit Sind des Glückes Unterpfand Blüh' im Glanze dieses Glückes, Blühe, deutsches Vaterland! Blüh' im Glanze dieses Glückes, Blühe, deutsches Vaterland!	Unity, justice and freedom, For the German motherland; Let's work together for this goal, Unite like brothers and give our hands and hearts. Unity, justice and freedom, It is the guarantee of our happiness. In the light of prosperity, Bloom, Germany! In the light of prosperity, Bloom, Germany!

*The emotional meaning of the first and second sentences is "more worthy of respect than anything in the world" (the same as the feelings of most citizens in the world for their motherland), not to reflect a single greatness. When the author wrote this song, it was to call the people of the independent states to stand under the unified German flag.

The fourth lyric is not the original work, but a continuation of another German poet, Albert Matthai, in 1921, to cheer up the motherland and people after the defeat of World War I; But it has little influence and has never been adopted as the national anthem of Germany.

Comparison of lyrics (paragraph 4)
Original German	Chinese translation
Deutschland, Deutschland über alles, Und im Unglück nun erst recht. Nur im Unglück kann die Liebe Zeigen, ob sie stark und echt. Und so soll es weiterklingen Von Geschlechte zu Geschlecht: Deutschland, Deutschland über alles, Und im Unglück nun erst recht. Deutschland, Deutschland über alles, Und im Unglück nun erst recht.	Germany, Germany, above all else, Especially when the motherland is in trouble, Only through bad luck can we see deep feelings, The heart of love is firm and true; We will pass this song on from generation to generation, From mother to daughter, from father to son: Germany, Germany, above all else, Especially when the motherland is in trouble. Germany, Germany, above all else, Especially when the motherland is in trouble.

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