Gottingen University is located in theLower SaxonysouthGottingenCity, yesthe Second World WarThe former world academic center has traditional advantages in computer science, physics, social science, etc[20]。
School of Chemistry, School of Mathematics and Computer Sciencemedical college, Business School, Law School, Biology and Psychology School, Humanities School, etc
In 1734King of EnglandandHanoverArchdukegeorge ii Decided to appoint his important minister Feng Minghehausen toGottingenEstablish a university to promote EuropeAge of EnlightenmentAs a result of the concept of academic freedom, the University of Gottingen (also translated as the University of Gottingen or the University of Gottingen) has opened the atmosphere of academic freedom in European universities.At the beginning of its establishment, the university has four classic disciplines: theology, law, philosophy and medicinenatural scienceAnd law.
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Throughout the 18th century, the University of Gottingen was the center of German universities because of its extremely free spirit and atmosphere of scientific exploration.By 1812, the university had developed into a modern university with a book collection of 250000 and was recognized at home and abroad.NapoleonHe studied law here and said that "Gottingen belongs to all Europe".
Gottingen University was initially famous for its jurisprudence.Peter, a famous German national law master in the 18th century, taught here for half a century, which attracted a large number of students,Austriaprime ministerKlemens Wenzel von Metternich 、University of BerlinFounder ofWilhelm von Humboldt They are all his students.By 1837, when it was founded 100 years ago, Gottingen University was known as the "University of Law" because almost every year the number of students enrolled in the law school accounted for more than half of the total number of students enrolled in the school.As a result, Gottingen University became a public law school in Germany in the 18th centuryMecca。
At the end of the 18th century, the Columbia University Library described by painters
In 1837, the famous“Gottingen Seven Gentlemen Incident”Seven professors in Gottingen objectedHanoverThe king abolished the constitution and was expelled from Gottingen University,Brothers GreenAlso in this list, this event reflects the love of freedom and the courage of the intellectuals in Gottingen to defend the Constitution.Since then, Gustav·Hu GuoAnd Eichhorne taught here in the 19th century and became GermanyHistorical school of lawThe pioneer of.At the end of the 19th century“Culpa in contrahendo ”A famous civil law scholar in theoryYelinTeach here.
What makes Gottingen the center of science that attracts the world's attention is its natural science, especially mathematics.Known as the "most important mathematician"GaussianIn the 18th century, he taught here and foundedGottingen School。thereafter,Riemann、DirichletandJacobian He has made contributions in the fields of algebra, geometry, number theory and analysis.By the 19th century, famous mathematiciansHilbertandKleinIt also attracted a large number of mathematicians to Gottingen, so that GermanyGottingen School of MathematicsIt entered its heyday.By the beginning of the 20th century, Gottingen had become the undisputed world mathematical center and Mecca Holy Land.At that time, the most resounding slogan of the students studying mathematics all over the world was "Take up your backpack and go to Gottingen".
From the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century, the academic position of Gottingen University in Europe and the world reached its peak.Come out of here in the past half centuryNobel PrizeThe number of winners ranks eighth in the world universities, creating the "Gottingen Nobel miracle".
This period was the most brilliant period when German universities were at the top of the academic world.Students from Europe and the United States are proud to study in Germany, especially the University of Gottingen andUniversity of Berlin。At that time, if a scholar did not have German learning experience, he would be considered not to have received complete academic training.German has also become the international academic language, and even many papers in Britain and the United States are directly named after German.
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However,the First World WarIt has caused great damage to German academia, and the international academic community has become hostile to German academia.
naziPeriod, 1933HitlerCome on, rightIsraelCarry out cruel persecution.Between 1933 and 34, about 7000 people in German universities fled to the United States.By 1940, Germany had lost more than 500 natural science professors, 450 medical professors, and 300 humanities professors, which led to the regression of German academic level for decades.The University of Gottingen was also fatally hit. A large number of well-known Jewish scientists and scholars were forced to leave Gottingen for the United States.
academic research
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Scientific research platform
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Among these departments, there are more than 170 research institutes, and the department heads areAcademic CommitteeMembers.
In addition, Gottingen has 4Max Planck The Institute has cooperated with the University of Gottingen in disciplines, so that Gottingen maintains a leading position in scientific research.They are:
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Max Planck Institute of Ethnic and Religious Diversity [formerly known as the Institute of History]
GottingenLower SaxonyThe library of the State and Gottingen University has a rich collection of more than 5 million books, which is one of the five largest libraries in Germany today.
School running conditions
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School setting
In 2014, the number of registered students at the University of Gottingen was nearly 28000, including more than 700 doctoral students.There are 495 professors and more than 15000 teaching and research personnel.The medical school it belongs to has 19 centers, including various clinics.Since 1980, the university has established 13 departments according to different disciplines.include:
The alumni of Gottingen University are all over the natural sciences,humanitiesAnd the social and political elites.Among them, in the field of natural science, Heisenberg, Planck, Fermi, Born, Pauli and others have made great contributions to human beingsModern natural scienceFamous scientists who have made outstanding contributions;In the field of humanities, Gottingen University also has Green Brothers, Heine, Schopenhauer, Goethe, J.P. Morgan,Ji XianlinAnd other outstanding alumni;There areKlemens Wenzel von Metternich ，Otto von Bismarck ，Richard von Weizscker ，Gerhard SchroederEtc.
October 19, 2007, the second round in Germany“Elite university”The selection was finally announced, and Gottingen University became one of the nine elite universities in Germany.
Gottingen UniversityCoimbra Group Coimbra Group, or CG for short, is a group of 39 Europe's oldest and most prestigious elite universities.
International ranking
Comprehensive ranking
Gottingen UniversityTeaching qualityandScientific research achievementsIn recent years, we have achieved good results in university rankings.Of course, German universities are generally excellent, and the selection of majors and schools needs to be based on the ranking of relevant fields.The following data are the rankings of universities in recent years, for reference only:
2023 Thames Higher Education World University ranked 119.[21]
2016《Times Higher Education 》PromulgatedWikipediaIn the ranking of world university influence, the University of Gottingen ranks 3rd in Germany and 23rd in the world.[6]
In the 2015 "U.S. News Global University Ranking", it ranked 5th in Germany and 93rd in the world.
In 2011World University Academic RankingIn ARWU, the University of Gottingen ranks 4th in Germany and 86th in the world.Among them, chemistry and life sciences have ranked around 50 in the world in recent five years.
QS World University Professional Ranking Archaeology Ranking 50-100[10]。
2011
Shanghai Jiaotong University World University Academic ARWU Ranking Chemistry and Life Sciences Ranking 50[9]。
Cultural tradition
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Academic tradition
Gottingenoldcity hallAt the entrance of the cellar restaurant, there is still a famousLatinAn old saying is used to describe the life of Gottingen college students: "There is no life outside Gottingen. Even if there is a life, it is not such a life."
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famoushistorian、history of educationProfessor Rudolf Smende, an expert, once described the University of Gottingen in the 19th century as follows: "The professors of Gottingen University never accept the appointment letter of a foreign university, even if it comes fromUniversity of BerlinThe letter of appointment is no exception.stayBerlinIf we do not make a fundamental comparison, we may not feel the special status of Gottingen University.Merging（Prussia）In the following ten years, even the University of Berlin could not win the favor of the professors of Gottingen University. "
Famous American mathematician in the 20th centurySaunders Mac Lane After visiting the University of Gottingen, the professor commented: "There is no other place in the world that can compare with it. It is a real intelligent activity center, where very exciting work is being carried out. Whatever makes people feel that it is the real essence, the center of things.... I onceChicagoAs a graduate student, it is much better than ChicagoYaleAs a college student, it is ten thousand times better than Yale! "When it comes to AmericanHarvard、BerkeleyWhen the university also had an active academic atmosphere later, he especially emphasized that "but Gottingen was the first one".
In the 1970s, BritainBBCIn the global documentary series The Ascent of Man, which was shot by the company, Jacob Bronowski, a famous British Jewish mathematician, once described Gottingen as "all ancient universities have wonderful similarities. Gottingen is as remote and rare as Cambridge in Britain or Yale in the United States. But except for those scholars.The professors are convinced that this is the center of the world.The old saying engraved on the wall of the old city hall of Gottingen is that there is no life outside Gottingen.Oh, this sentence, the professor of Gottingen takes it more seriously than the students. "
The academic tradition is highly respected in Gottingen.There is a statue of "Goose Girl" in the center of Gottingen, which comes from the fairy tale of Green. It tells the story of a princess. The main idea of the story is: a princess took her maid to a foreign country to perform her engagement with a prince. The princess and the maid changed their clothes on the way, and the maid took the token. When she arrived, the maid pretended to be a princess, and the princess was taken as a maid to release the geese.There was a talking horse near the princess who wanted to tell the prince the truth but was killed. The horse's head hung on the city wall. The princess lost the token and even the horse died. Now no one can prove her identity. The princess was heartbroken.When the prince met the maid and passed the city gate, the horse opened his mouth and told the truth, so the prince went to the outskirts of the city to find the princess who put the geese, and successfully married.The poignant and touching story has long been linked with the famous and interesting academic tradition of Gottingen University: on the day when doctoral students obtain their doctorate through defense, they will wear their headsdoctorial hatAccompanied by relatives and friends, take a float to the Goose Girl Square in the center of the city to offer flowers to the "Goose Girl Statue" and kiss the Goose Girl. Tourists often stop to watch and become a sight of Gottingen.Due to the large number of kissers, Goose Girl has become the "most kissed girl in the world".In order to maintain order and protect the original statue, the city hall had ordered that the statue should not be kissed.Since there were many violators, the original statue has been collected by the museum. What stands here is a replica, and the city hall did not actually prohibit the newly baked doctors from climbing the statue and offering their kisses.
Universities are scattered throughout the city.The "Blue Tower" of the Central Campus of Liberal Arts is close to the old city and is the seat of the social science departments such as God, Law and Commerce.Humanities departments such as literature, history and philosophy are also nearby.The old building of the mathematics department is in the southwest of the old city.Most natural science departments are located in the newly built northern campus.The Medical Department and Gottingen Hospital are integrated and located at the foot of the mountain.Generally, all departments have canteens and a few student dormitories nearby.
In addition to the bustle of the old city, there are mountains in the east of Gottingen and Jisi Lake in the southwest, which are both good places for leisure and meditation.
Ten years in Germany
"Gottingen seems to be my second hometown."《Ten years in Germany》In the book, Ji defined his experience of studying abroad in Gottingen University in Germany.
Ten years in Germany
In 1935, young studentsJi XianlinHe went to Germany to study and began a ten-year detention career.Decades later, Mr. Ji, the academic magnate, was nearly eighty years old. Recalling the past, he wrote a book, "Ten Years of Staying in Germany", which describes the process of Mr. Ji's leaving home to study in Germany.At the famous University of Gottingen, MrIndian StudiesAs a major, she devoted her enthusiasm and hard work to him, and finally obtained a doctor's degree, which also laid a solid foundation for lifelong academic research.In the process, Mrthe Second World WarThe haze of "The Great Wall" brought about dramatic suffering, but in addition to suffering, it was more unforgettable for seniors to think deeply and for friends to love deeply.
President Feguha once told reporters that at Gottingen University, "everyone must know Ji Xianlin. He is the pride of our school, and we will always respect and remember him." His book "Ten Years of Staying in Germany" has been translated intoGerman"This will make the people of our country remember him forever."
By 2016, there were 40 professors, students and visiting scholars from Gottingen UniversityNobel PrizeThe winners have studied, taught or studied at the University of Gottingen, most of which are physics and chemistry awards, and others are medicine, peace and literature awards.However, since most Nobel Prizes were won in the first half of the 20th century, most of the winners have died.
The people related to the University of Gottingen who recently won the Nobel Prize are the winners of the Physiology Prize in 2013Thomas JudkhovProfessor and winner of 2014 Chemistry PrizeStefan HaleProfessor.
Physicist-Max von Laue (1914 Nobel Prize winner in physics, student and honorary professor of Gottingen University)
thirteen
Physicist-Max Planck (winner of the 1918 Nobel Prize in Physics, member of the Academic Committee)
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Physicist-Johannes Stark (1919 Nobel Prize winner in physics, professor of Gottingen University)
fifteen
Physicist-Robert Andrews Millikan (1923 Nobel Prize winner in physics, student of Gottingen University)
sixteen
Physicist-Sigbarn(1924 Nobel Prize winner in physics, student of Gottingen University)
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Physicist-James Frank(1925Nobel Prize in PhysicsWinner, student and professor of Gottingen University)
eighteen
Physicist-Heinrich Rudolf Hertz (1925 Nobel Prize winner in physics, student of Gottingen University)
nineteen
Physicist-Werner Heisenberg (1932 Nobel Prize winner in physics, student and professor of Gottingen University)
twenty
Physicist-Paul Dirac (1933 Nobel Prize winner in physics, visiting scholar of Gottingen University)
twenty-one
Physicist-Enrico Fermi (1938 Nobel Prize winner in physics, student of Gottingen University)
twenty-two
Physicist-Wolfgang Pauli(1945 Nobel Prize winner in physics, assistant professor of Gottingen University)
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Physicist-Tom Blackett (1948Nobel Prize in PhysicsWinner, teaching assistant of Gottingen University)
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Physicist-Max Born (1954 Nobel Prize winner in physics, doctor and professor of Gottingen University) Physicist-Bott(1954 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, member of the Academic Committee)
twenty-five
Physicist-Wigner(1963 Nobel Prize winner in physics, assistant professor of Gottingen University)
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Physicist-Gopert Meyer(1963 Nobel Prize winner in physics, doctor of Gottingen University)
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Physicist Paul (1989 Nobel Prize winner in physics, professor of Gottingen University)
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Physicist-Hans Dehmelt (1989 Nobel Prize winner in physics, doctor of Gottingen University)
Physicist-Ludwig Planter(Father of modern aerodynamics, professor of Gottingen University)
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Physicist-Theodore von Karmen (Authoritative expert in engineering mechanics and aviation technology, student of Gottingen University, tutor of Qian Weichang, Qian Xuesen, Guo Yonghuai and other scholars)
