Microbial degradationIt refers to the phenomenon that microorganisms transform organic substances into simple inorganic substances.The excreta and dead bodies of various organisms in the nature are transformed into simple inorganic substances through the decomposition of microorganisms.Microorganisms can also degrade synthetic organic compounds.For example, DDT is converted into DDE and DDD through dehalogenation;Through oxidation, aldrin is transformed into dieldrin;The insecticide containing nitro group is reduced to amine through reduction;The ring cracking of aromatic groups is also a common reaction of microbial degradation.Microbial degradation makes it possible to recycle life elements and degrade various complex organic compounds, so as to maintain the virtuous cycle of the ecosystem[1]。
Chinese name
Microbial degradation
Foreign name
micro-biological degradation
Degradation mode
Formation of inducible enzyme and new enzyme system
Microbial degradation refers to the phenomenon that microorganisms transform organic substances into simple inorganic substances.
brief introduction
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The excreta and dead bodies of various organisms in the nature are transformed into simple inorganic substances through the decomposition of microorganisms.Microorganisms can also degrade synthetic organic compounds.For example, DDT is converted into DDE and DDD through dehalogenation;Through oxidation, aldrin is transformed into dieldrin;The insecticide containing nitro group is reduced to amine through reduction;The ring cracking of aromatic groups is also a common reaction of microbial degradation.Microbial degradation makes it possible to recycle life elements and degrade various complex organic compounds, so as to maintain the virtuous cycle of the ecosystem[2]。
microorganism
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Microbes include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and some small protozoa, microalgae, etc. It is a large class of biological groups, small in size and closely related to human beings.It covers a wide range of beneficial and harmful categories, including food, medicine, industry and agriculture, environmental protection, sports and many other fields.In textbooks in mainland China and Taiwan, microorganisms are divided into the following 8 categories: bacteria, viruses, fungi, actinomycetesRickettsiaMycoplasma, chlamydia, spirochete.Some microorganisms can be seen with the naked eye, such as mushrooms, ganoderma lucidum, and shiitake mushrooms belonging to fungi.And microorganisms are composed of a few components, such as nucleic acids and proteins“Acellular organism”But its survival must depend on living cells.
degradation
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1. The number of carbon atoms in the organic compound molecule decreases, and the molecular weight decreases.
twoPolymer compoundA large molecule of is broken down into smaller molecules.
3. Plastic degradation: the term plastic degradation refers toPolymerReaching the end of the life cycle.The degradation of plastics is to reduce the molecular weight of polymers and the physical properties of polymer materials (plastics).Typical performance is: plastic brittleness, fracture, softening, hardening, loss of mechanical strength, etc.The aging and deterioration of plastics is a degradation phenomenon.But generally, the plastic should be degraded into harmless (less harmful) fragments orcarbon dioxideIt will take decades and hundreds of years to return to the natural cycle.Therefore, rapid degradation technology is now used to select biodegradable high hydrocarbon and organic compounds to make plastics to prevent pollution.
4. It refers to heat, light, mechanical forceChemical ReagentsUnder the action of external factors such as microorganism, the polymer has irregular breaking of molecular chain, elimination reaction of side groups and low molecules, resulting in the degree of polymerization andrelative molecular massDown.
5. Different scholars hold different views on degradation, and one view is that the degradation products will eventually be decomposed intocarbon dioxideAnd water.
