synonymXu Zhigao(Xu Zhigao) generally refers to Li Gui (the founding emperor of the Southern Tang Dynasty)
Li Xuan (January 7, 889 to March 30, 943), Zhenglun, Peng Nu, Pengcheng County, Xuzhou (today'sJiangsu ProvinceXuzhou City）People, the founding emperor of the Southern Tang Dynasty.[48-50]
Li Rong's father, Li Rong, disappeared in the war, followed his adoptive fatherXu WenRenamed as Xu Zhigao, he was a powerful official of Southern Wu during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period. He once served as the governor of Shengzhou and the regimental trainer of Runzhou. Later, he took charge of the political affairs of Southern Wu, accumulated to the Grand Master, Grand Marshal, and was granted the title of King Qi.In the third year of Tianzuo (937), Li Xuan became emperor, and the country was Qi.In the third year of Shengyuan (939), the name of the country was changed to Tang, known as the Southern Tang Dynasty.During his tenure, he was diligent in political affairs, changed the old law, and reconciled with Wu and Yue, so as to protect the border and secure the people and rest with them.[45]
In the seventh year of Shengyuan (943), Li Gui died in Shengyuan Hall because of a wound on his back caused by pills poisoning. He was the founder of the Southern Tang Dynasty, whose name was Liezu, and his posthumous title was Emperor Guangwen Suwu Xiaogao. He was buried in Yongling.[46-47]
Full Name
Li 昪
Alias
Tang Liezu、Emperor Gaozu of the Southern Tang Dynasty、Former Master of the Southern Tang Dynasty、Xu Zhigao、Li Zhenglun、Li Pengnu[2]
Li Xuan came from a humble background and has been there since childhoodHaozhou(Anhui todayFengyang）、Sizhou(Anhui todaySixian County）Wandering around, when he was six years old, his fatherLi RongThat is, he disappeared in the warLi QiuBring toHaozhou。Soon, his mother Liu died and wandered to Kaiyuan Temple in Haozhou.[3]
In 895 (the second year of Qianning), Wu TaizuYang XingmiAttacking Haozhou, he got Peng Nu and adopted him as his adopted son.However, Yang Xingmi's sons could not accommodate Peng Nu.Yang Xingmi had to hand over Peng Nu to the generalXu WenRaised, named Xu Zhigao.[4]
Xu Zhigao is talented and serves Xu Wen like his father. Xu Wen's wife, Li Shi, also takes care of Xu Zhigao because of the same surname.Xu Zhigao once followed Xu Wen on a trip. Xu Wen was in a bad mood and drove Xu Zhigao away. When he got home, Xu Zhigao greeted him at the door.Xu Wen was surprised and said, "Why are you in this place?" Xu Zhigao replied, "As a son, how can you abandon your parents? The father is angry and goes back to his mother, which is the norm for a son." Xu Wen therefore liked Xu Zhigao more.
When Xu Zhigao grew up, he was seven feet long, square forehead, tall, short, loud, fond of reading, good at riding and shooting. Yang Xingmi often praised: "Xu Zhigao is a hero, and none of the generals' sons can match him."[5]
Govern the state
In 909 (the third year of Kaiping of Houliang), Xu Wenyao ledShengzhou(Today's JiangsuNanjing）AssassinXu Zhigao was appointed as the Shengzhou Anti repression Envoy and the Louchuan Deputy Envoy to manage warships in Shengzhou.[6]
In 910 (the fourth year of Kaiping of Houliang), he was appointed as the vice envoy of Shengzhou and governor of the prefecture.
In 912 (the second year of drying up), Xu Zhigao followedReuse firewoodAttackXuanzhou(Anhui todayXuancheng）Li Yu, promoted to statehood due to meritAssassin。At that time,Jianghuai regionIt has just been pacified. Most local governors areWufuXu Zhigao was born and only knew how to earn people's money to support the army, but Xu Zhigao was different.He is industrious, thrifty, studious and attaches great importance toConfucian scholarsHe was praised by the public for his leniency in governing.[7]
In 914 (the fourth year of desiccation), additional calibration was carried outSitu。
In 915 (the first year of Zhenming), he was in Zhenhaigovernor of one or more provincesXu Wen was appointed as the envoy of the two Zhejiang capitalsRunzhou(Today's JiangsuZhenjiang）, governing Shengzhou, Runzhou, Changzhou, XuanzhouShezhou、Chizhou(Anhui todayGuichi）, its childXu ZhixunStayGuangling(Now Yangzhou, Jiangsu) assisted in the administration of the imperial court.
In 917 (the third year of Zhengming period), when Xu Wen saw that the state was prosperous, he decided toTown NavyThe office was moved to Shengzhou, and Xu Zhigao was renamed as the inspectorTaibao、Runzhou(Today's JiangsuZhenjiang）Group practicer。Xu Zhigao asked to be an official in Xuanzhou, but Xu Wen refused. He was very unhappy. LaterSong QiqiuAfter persuasion, I went to Runzhou to take office.[8]
Mastering imperial politics
Qin Mausoleum Entrance
In 918 (the fourth year of Zhengming period), Xu Zhixun was appointed as a senior generalZhu JinXu Zhigao got the news in Runzhou, rushed to Guangling to pacify, and served as the vice envoy of Huainan's moderate march, and the vice envoy of both internal and external horse marches, thus controllingSouthern WuImperial government.[9]
After Xu Zhigao came to power, in order to win the hearts of the people, ease the criminal law, and promote goodwill, he also built Yanbin Pavilion to receive people from all over the world.Song QiqiuLuo ZhixiangWang Lingmou, Wang Lingmou and others became his important counsellors. He appointed other people who were exiled in his territory. He often sent people to the people to understand their sufferings. When there was a lack of marriage and funeral, he tried to give alms, which won people's favor.Although Xu Wen lived in Jinling Yao and carried out the great policy, most people's hearts have turned to Xu Zhigao.[10]
In 919 (the first year of Wuyi in Southern Wu Dynasty),Yang LongyanHe called the King of Wu, appointed Xu Wen as the Prime Minister, and Xu Zhigao asLeft Minion Shooting、Enquiry into political affairsKnow both internal and external military affairs.[11]
In 921 (the first year of Shunyi), Xu Zhigao was ruled by the King of WuYang PuAppointed asSame story, remote collarJiangzhou(Jiangxi todayJiujiang）Observe.Soon, Southern Wu rose to Jiangzhou asFenghua Army, appointed Xu Zhigao asFenghua ArmyA provincial envoy.[12]
In 927 (the seventh year of Shunyi), Xu WenMarching SimaUnder the persuasion of Hsu Jie, Pai SiziXu ZhiwenGo to Guangling and prepare him to take over the government instead of Xu Zhigao.When Xu Zhigao heard the news, he was very afraid and begged for the townJiangxi。Before long, Xu Wen died of illness. Xu Zhixun took over the post of Jinling Festival envoy and Zhu Dao Deputy Dutong, and fought with Xu Zhigao several times for power.Xu Zhigao tricked Xu Zhixun into entering the DPRK, stayed in the left army and deprived him of his military power.[13]In November of the same year, King WuYang PuArrogate the title of emperor and change the yuanChaste virginity, appointed Xu Zhigao asTaiwei、Middle order, the governor of all military affairs at home and abroadXunyangPublic, renamedYu ZhangPublic.[14-15]
Out of Jinling
In 932 (the third year of Dahe), Xu Zhigao served as ZhenhaiNingguo Jiedu Envoy, left Jinling and appointed his son Xu Jingtong (Li Jing) asSituHe stayed in Guangling to assist in the administration.[16]
In 935 (the first year of Tianzuo), Xu Zhigao was granted the title ofVenerable father、Grand Master, the Prime Minister, the Grand Marshal and the King of Qi, and designated Shengzhou, Runzhou and other ten states as the State of Qi.Xu Zhigao dismissed the position of reverend father and prime minister and opened it the following yearGrand Marshal's Mansion, set officials.At this time,Min 、Southern Han DynastyOther countries sent envoys to persuade Xu Zhigao to become emperor.[18-19]
Establish the Southern Tang Dynasty
Stone Stele of the Two Tombs of the Southern Tang Dynasty
In 937 (the third year of Tianzuo), Xu Zhigao established the State of Qi and appointedSong Qiqiu、Hsu JieHe is the Prime Minister of the left and right.In October of the same year, Xu Zhigao was proclaimed emperor by Zen, and his national title was QiAscensionYang Pu was honored as Emperor Gao Shangsi Xuanhong Gurang, and Xu Wen was honored as the first ancestor with the posthumous title of Emperor Zhongwu.withJiankang(Nanjing, today's Jiangsu Province) is the western capital, and Guangling is the eastern capital.[20]
In 939 (the third year of the reign of Emperor Shengyuan), Xu Zhigao restored the surname of Li, changed his name to 昪, and claimed to beTang XianzongThe son of JianwangLi KeThe fourth grandson of Tang Dynasty changed the name of the country to Tang Dynasty, known as the Southern Tang Dynasty in history.He isTang Gaozu、Tang TaizongThe temple was built to honor the four generations of the father and ancestor as the emperor, and to honor Xu Wen as the righteous ancestor.[21]
After Li Xuan became emperor, he was determined to stick to the old land of the State of Wu and had no intention of exploringFeng YansiIt is ridiculed as a "farmhouse man".
In 942 (six years of growth),Wu Yue StateSuffering from natural disasters, officials of the Southern Tang Dynasty advised Li Xuan to take the opportunity to attack and destroy Wu and Yue.Li Xuan firmly refused. He thought that the domestic people needed to recuperate and should not go to war. He sent envoys to visit Wu and Yue and sent many gifts.[22]
Died of illness
Li Xuan advocated Taoism in his later years. He became irritable and irritable due to taking pills.
In February of 943 (the seventh year of Shengyuan's reign), Li Gui suffered from sores on his back, which soon worsened. He died at Shengyuan Hall on the 22nd of the same month at the age of 56, leaving the king of Qi deadLi JingSupervise the country.In March of the same year, Li Jing succeeded to the throne as the Emperor Yuanzong of the Southern Tang Dynasty.In November, Li was buried inYongling, the last posthumous title was Emperor Guangwen Suwu Xiaogao, and the temple name was Liezu.[23]
Measures for politics
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Politics
During the reign of Li Xuan, he insisted on the armistice to ensure the security of the people, and promoted the advantages and eliminated the disadvantages at home.He was courteous to the wise corporal in governing the country and was able to accept remonstrance modestly.As a result of years of war, there are many refugees from the Central Plains to the Yangtze and Huaihe Rivers. Li Xuan actively and properly resettled them and implementedreduced corvee and taxesThe policy made the social economy of the Southern Tang Dynasty develop greatly and became the strong one among the "ten countries".
Culture and education
In his youth, Li Xuan "liked literature and art", respected literature and education, and paid great attention to collecting literature atlases after he took office.He collected more than 3000 volumes of books from all over the country and collected them in the "Jianye Study" set up when he was governing the state, which set a precedent for the Southern Tang Dynasty to become a "place of literature" in the future.
It is said that there was a pear tree in front of Li Xuan's house, which produced a fruit as big as a rose, so they cut it with their neighbors and ate it. There was a red snake in the fruit. Everyone was shocked. The snake walked under Li Xuan's mother's bed. Li Xuan's mother soon became pregnant and gave birth to Li Xuan.[25]
Actor Savior
Li Xuan Zeng BanquetXu Zhiwen(First, ministersWeekly[26-27]）He filled the wine with gold and asked Xu Zhixun to persuade him to drink, saying, "I hope your brother will live to be a thousand years old." Xu Zhixun suspected that the wine was poisonous, so he poured out half of it to Li Xuan and said, "I would like to share five hundred years with my brother." Li Xuan immediately changed his color and refused to drink. Xu Zhixun also held the wine, and left and right were at a loss.At this time,ActorShen JiangaoAfter grabbing two glasses of wine and drinking, he took the glass and left.Li Xuan secretly ordered someone to send Shen Jiangao an antidote, but it was too late.[28]
Character evaluation
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Lu You: The emperor grows up among the soldiers, and knows that the people hate chaos.During his seven years in office, the army did not act recklessly, and the territory relied on rest.She is thrifty and always wears cattail shoes with iron pots.In the summer months, the sleeping hall is decorated with green curtains, and the maidservants in the left and right palaces are cut several people in simple and crude clothes.At the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, that is, the palace of Jinling Yi, it was only added with the tail of an owl and set up an enclosure.Benevolent, respectful and thrifty, the task is to support the people, which is similar to the style of the ancient sages.[29]
Wu Renchen: Lie Zu was alone. He did not step on the foot of the earth. His name was Xu, so he dominated the south of the Yangtze River.The plan of taking Ju people out of the country and creating a family for the country, all those who are skillful in shaping the country are heavenly.However, if we stop the army to support the people, and if we get talent to dig up the soil, we will surely have the virtue of the monarch.The carp in the East China Sea has its own omen. How can it be said that they are neither human nor evil?[25]
《Complete Prose Works of the Tang》There are six imperial edicts included: "The Imperial edict to compensate farmers", "The Imperial edict to enjoy the imperial temple", "The Imperial edict to ban the honor", "The Imperial edict to stop Li Jianxun", "The Imperial edict to use Confucian officials", and "The Imperial edict to praise the righteous party".[31]
Li Chao, early death.He was revered as Emperor Xiaoping, and the temple name became the emperor[1]。
grandfather
Li ZhiAccording to the Wild History of Jiangnan, he once worked in XuzhouJudge, take office.
father
Li RongHe has a sincere nature and is a good Buddha. He was called "Taoist Li" at that time.
Wives and concubines
Wang Shi, Li Yuanpei, the daughter of Wang Rong, the governor of Wu Shengzhou, was granted the title of King of Wei, and was posthumously granted after the establishment of the Southern Tang DynastyShunfei。[32]
Song Fujin, originally a concubine of the Wang family, born Li Jing, the Emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, and later establishedSteproom。After the establishment of the Southern Tang Dynasty, the queen was honored asEmpress Dowager, posthumously titled Yuan Jing.[33]
The eldest son Li Jingtong（Li Jing）, was initially granted the title of King Wu, later renamed the title of King Qi, and later inherited the throne, namely, the Emperor Yuanzong of the Southern Tang Dynasty.
second sonLi JingqianAfter the establishment of the Southern Tang Dynasty, he was crowned the Prince of Gaoping, with a posthumous title of Ding, and later the King of Chu.[35]
SanziLi Jingsui, the King of Jin, was once appointedEmperor Taidi。Later, the crown princeLi HongjiPoisoning, posthumous title Wencheng.[36]
QuartetLi Jingda, the king of Qi.After his death, he gave a posthumous title of Zhaoxiao to his younger brother.[37]
Li Jinggui, the fifth son, was granted the title of King Jiang. After his death, his posthumous title was Zhaoshun.[38]
Qin Mausoleum, also known as Yongling, is the joint tomb of Li Gui and Empress Song, located atNanjing CityJiangning DistrictZutangshanAt the southwest foot, the tomb is 21.48 meters long, 10.45 meters wide and 5.3 meters high. It is divided into front, middle and rear chambers and ten side chambers.In 1950Nanjing MuseumArchaeological excavations were carried out, and in 1988, it was listed as the third batch of key cultural relics protection units nationwide.[43-44]
