In the 24th year of Wanli (1596), Zhu Zaiyu completed《The essence of Lv》(Inside and outside)“New density ratio”。This is an epoch-making event in the history of Chinese music and the earliest one in the history of human culturetwelvetone equal temperamentMathematical theory.
For the new density ratio (twelve average law), the completely average wavelength relationship between the twelve laws is obtained by the calculation method.The octave is divided into twelve equal parts, that is, twelve equal series. The result is that the wavelength of each sound is one second of the ¹² √ of the previous sound.
At the end of the 16th century, Italian Jesuit missionaries came to China to promote the cultural exchange between the East and the West. Zhu Zaiyu's theory of the twelve equal temperament may be introduced into Europe at this time.Fifty two years after Zhu Zaiyu published the theory of the twelve mean temperament, Pere Marin Mersenne published a similar theory in his book General Theory of Homophony (1636).In 1722, German composer Bach published the "Harmony Rhythm Collection" (or translated as "Twelve Mean Rhythm Collection"), which may have been written for the keyboard instrument of the Twelve Mean Rhythm.
The new Fami rate integrates the theory and practice of metrology, circumcision, birth law, and regular instrument, which reflects the high unity of ancient Chinese music thought and science and technology.Therefore, Joseph Needham praised Zhu as "an oriental renaissance figure". However, due to the constraints of musical instrument production at that time, his invention could not be used in music practice. Later, even his theory was gradually forgotten, or the revolutionary significance in it could not be seen.
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Zhu Zaiyu (1536-1611) was born in Huaiqing Mansion (today's Qinyang), Henan Province.Zhu Zaiyu wrote with great concentration, "He is devoted to learning" and "Xi Gao is alone".He was the author of "The Book of Sefu" (1560), "The Harmony of Law and Calendar" (1581), and "The New Theory of Law" (1584).In the 23rd year of Wanli, Zhu Zaiyu "made a detailed study of the method of calculating the precession in the upper calendar and the music and temperament book he wrote, which was called" Ming History: Biographies of the Kings ".The "music law book" mentioned here is the New Theory of Law, while the "method of calculating precession by calendar" includes four volumes of Law Calendar Rongtong, two volumes of Shengshou Wannian Calendar, three volumes of Wannian Calendar Preparation, and one volume of Yin Yi.
Division《The essence of Lv》In addition, Zhu Zaiyu wrote New Book of Suanxue, Ancient Music Score of Cao Man, New Theory of Music Learning, Small Dance Score of Ling Xing, Music Score of Xuan Gong, Small Dance Score of Six Dynasties, Music Score of Xiaowu Village, Two Yis embellishing omen map, Jialiang Suanjing, Yuan Fang Ju Gu Tu Jie, and Lv Lu's Questioning and Discrimination.Most of the above works are included in his《The Complete Book of Music Rhythm》Medium.
