Color photographs are developed by exposing light-sensitive paper under a photographic negative,FusingA picture of a person or object that can clearly reflect the clear color of the person or object before development is called a "color photograph".
Color print is a photo printed on color paper,Transparent sheetMost of the printing is not called color photos.There are negative positive method and positive positive method for making photos.Negative positive printing is cheap.It is easy to compensate for color when printing, which is mostly used for public printing and large size enlargement.
In 1801,britainphysical scientistThomas Young(Thomas Young 1777 – 1829)“color”The research said that people's eyes can have three kinds of "color sense" of the visual nerve: red light, green light and purple light.Furthermore, it is claimed that the "mixture" of red, green and purple, the three basic colors in nature, can make people feel a lot of different colors.
In 1860,britainMaxwell (1831 – 1879) studied color negatives and took the lead in adoptingTricolorThe red, green and blue images are photographed separately, and then superimposed to form color images.This is colorAdditive method(Additive Process), this method causescolour tv set(Color Television) can display the principle of color.From then on, the world photography started from black and white to color.That is, the rise of what people call the "color photography era".
In 1861,britainMaxwell (1831 – 1879) took the first color photograph.
In 1869,FranceDucos Hauron, a scientist, is the first person ever to propose that a painter should mix three basic pigments, namely red, yellow and blue, in different proportions to produce color photographs.Although his works are unsatisfactory, color photography has made a breakthrough.
At the end of 1873,GermanyProfessor H.W. Vogel (1834 – 1898) of Berlin University of TechnologyCollodionThe sensitive plate can feel the green light after being dipped in the ammonium phenate solution. Once the experiment was published, scientists were encouraged to look for other color sensitive additives.Photographic film can only sense blue light at the earliest, and then it can sense purple light. In 1874, it can sense yellow light, and in 1881, it can sense red light.By now, the negative can have a "color sense" of red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple and other colors. However, the brightness of the photos needs to be improved.
In 1888,U.S.AinventorEdison(Edison Thomas Alva 1847 – 1931) Manufacture the first partCinematographyKinegraph.Up to 50FeetOffilmWe have taken 600 pictures in a row and put them in a large box with a viewing hole for one person to see the scene for about one minute, which is called "watching western films" in China.
In 1889,EdisonAndEastmanCooperate to establish future films andcamera, film format and side reaming hole spacing.This is manufacturingCamera EquipmentThe beginning of "standardization" in the world is of great significance.
In February 1894,EdisonThe first film studio in the world was built, and the first film, Black Maria, was shot. Then "watching Western films" became popular in the world.
Early color photograph
In 1891,FrancePhysicist Lippmann Gabriel 1845 – 1921 published a novel color photography method without dyes.He is a famous professor at the University of Parisscientific methodMake“Color photographic plate”In 1908Nobel Prize。He used technology in a full-coloremulsionIn addition, a layer of reflective mercury is added to make the light and shadow pass through the photosensitive emulsion, and then reflect back and "interfere" with the incoming light and shadow to form a latent image. The latent image will be accepted. There are different images in different colors, which are obvious and vivid when viewed.However, because the process of color negatives produced by Lipps method is very complex, which cannot be printed repeatedly and requires a long time of exposure, it cannot be popularized.But heapplied scienceHe has made great contributions to the development of photography and deserves the Nobel Prize.
1894, FranceBrother Lumiere(Lumiere August and Louis 1862.1864 – 1954. 1948) The invention of true color negatives was recognized as a revolutionary event of "color photography".The Lumiere brothers are the great inventors who have never seen in the world to manufacture photographic equipment.The two brothers started a manufacturing company before they were 20 years oldCamera EquipmentIn 1904, the factory had produced and sold nearly two million negatives.
prevalence
Early photos of Jet Li and Lizhi
In China, color photos became popular in the late 1970s and early 1980s, andfirst-tier citiespopular.If prevalence means widespread use, the first one wasNon digitalThe camera used later is a digital camera.Its spread is not only determined by the price of film, because color development is not our own ability, so it depends on the development of supporting facilities. So it was really widely used in China in the 1990s, because printing equipment began to be widely used.
It was popular abroad in the 1960s.Color photography was invented in 1839 by an American photographerLevi HillThe invention of colorful natural colors has been the goal pursued by photographers since then.Of course, before that, some customers often asked photographers to color their photos by hand, but these artificial colors were far from the real colors.
First photo
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one thousand eight hundred and sixty-one
The first color photo in the world
Maxwell (1831 – 1879) in England took the first color photo: a plaid ribbon.
one thousand nine hundred and forty-nine
According to historical records, the earliest color photos of China should be taken on the founding ceremony of New China on October 1, 1949.However, in May 2004, Kunming exhibited 250 color photosNational Museum of ChinaExperts identified it as the earliest color photo ever found in China.These photos were taken by the US militaryClinton MillettandRobert BircherTwo gentlemen, filmed in Kunming, China in 1944Color reversal film, which has been presented to the National Museum of China free of charge.
one thousand nine hundred and thirty-seven
According to the relevant information recently obtained by the author, the earliest color photos in China were not taken in Kunming in 1944Color reversal filmIt should be the color photo "Spring outing" taken by our master photographer Jin Shisheng in 1937.If this discovery is verified by relevant experts, it will once again rewrite the most famous Chinese photography.[1]
Early 20th century
First color photo
Albert Kahn is a banker and philanthropist in Paris, France.At the beginning of the 20th century, he employed more than 10 photographers to carry out his photography projects around the world.From 1909 to 1931, he took and collected about 72000 color photos, 4000 photosStereoscopic photographAs well as 60 feet long and more than 100 hours of film film, this series of photos and images is called "Earth Archives".
His footprints cover all continents of the world and more than 50 countries, recording different customs and human appearances.Finally, in 1931, it was forced to stop because of financial problems.[2]
The earliest color photo - Vietnamese court officials
Albert Kahn recorded China before the overthrow of the feudal monarchy.This is also a batch of color photos recording the early days of China, which is a precious historical record.
Record life
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Early color photograph
In 1911,TurkmenistanKush Hydropower Plant, the largest hydropower plant in the Russian Empire, was built in 1909.
First color photo[3]
In 1904,Dagestan, A Muslim man wearing a military medal, wearing a traditional dress and headband, holding a knife.[3]
