The spring washer is widely used in the load-bearing and non load-bearing structures of general mechanical products. Its characteristics are low cost, easy installation, and suitable for the parts with frequent assembly and disassembly.
Spring washer is often called spring washer in screw industry.Its materials arestainless steelAnd carbon steel, carbon steel is also iron.The commonly used spring washers are M3M4, M5, M6, M8, M10, M12, M14 and M16.Spring washernational standardGB/T 94.1-2008 specifies the technical conditions of elastic washers with the specification of 2-48mm[1]。
Main materials
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Generally, 65MN spring steel or 70 # carbon steel3Cr13, stainless steel can also be usedSUS304orSUS316, andPhosphor bronzeMaterial Science.
Spring washers are used to prevent looseness, such as motor andStandSpring washers are generally required for connecting bolts, because if there is no spring washer for motor vibration, the nut will become loose.Generally, spring washers are installed on fasteners of equipment with vibration, and gaskets are not required on flanges.Whether to add spring washer on the flange is related to the medium flowing through the pipeline. If it is easy to generate pulse, it is better to add spring washer.There are also high-speed fluid pipelines, whose caliber changes frequently. Don't generalize.On some valves,Stuffing boxThe gland flange needs to be equipped with spring washer, which is quick, easy and automaticmodel selectionIncluded.
Main differences
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Spring washer can prevent looseness and increasePreloadAndFlat washerThis function is not available. It can be used to increase fasteningcontact area To prevent friction between bolts and workpiece and protectConnectorThe surface of shall prevent the workpiece surface from being scratched when the bolts and nuts are tightened.
However, some important connections are mainly generated by pressingfrictionThe spring pad cannot be used in the place where the power is transmitted. If it is used, the connection rigidity will be reduced, and it is easy to cause accidents.When the strength of the connected parts is lowFlat washerorFlange boltTo increasecontact area In case of vibration, pulse and large fluctuation of medium temperature, spring washer must be used.
Fracture cause
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1. Spring washer occursExpanding ringThe phenomenon is generally not the problem of the spring washer itself.
2. The spring washer with expansion ring must be subject to a radial outward tension, which is caused by tightening torqueAxial force。
3. Outside of nut bearing surfaceChamfersendaxialClamping forceRadialComponent forceSo that the opening of the spring washer expands.The smaller the chamfer diameter, the greater the possibility of ring expansion.
4. Adding a flat washer between the nut and the spring washer will help to slow down or prevent the occurrence of ring expansion, but the flat washer is too thin or too soft to prevent the occurrence of ring expansion.
A large number of experiments and long-term practical experience have confirmed the above analysis.
Other classifications
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Internal toothElastic washerThere are many sharp elastic warping teeth on the circumference of the outer tooth elastic washer, which can prevent the fastener from loosening when pressed on the bearing surface.The internal tooth elastic washer is used under the screw head with small head size;External tooth elastic washer is mostly used under bolt head and nut.Toothed beltThe elastic washer is smaller than the ordinary spring washer, and the fastener is evenly stressed and reliable to prevent looseness, but it is not suitable for the place that is often disassembled.
Wave Spring Washers
GB: GB/T 7246-1987, corrugated washers are divided into WG type and W typeL-type, WN type.
WG type corrugated washer
WG type corrugated washer isOpen typeElastic washer, which can usually be installed in a small space, such as applyingprestressReduce the noise of bearing operation and improve the running accuracy and stability of bearing.In addition, there are also a lot of applications in electronic and electrical appliances.Materials include carbon steel, stainless steel, copper alloy, etc.
WL type corrugated washer
WL type corrugated washer is a lap type elastic washer, which can usually be installed in a small space, such as applying prestress to the bearing, reducing the noise of bearing operation, and improving the accuracy and stability of bearing operation.In addition, there are also a lot of applications in electronic and electrical appliances.Materials include carbon steel, stainless steel, copper alloy, etc.
WN type corrugated washer
WN type corrugated washer is multi-layerpeakCompared with WL type elastic washer, this series is composed of multiple layers of materials, so the K value curve under the same compression stroke is smoother than WL type, which is suitable for large elastic forceWorking strokeWhen the elastic release is required to be more uniform.The materials used are carbon steel, stainless steel, copper alloy, etc.
Belleville spring washerAlso known as Belleville spring washer, the inventor is French Belleville.DIN6796Belleville springWashers (HDS series) are designed for bolts andscrewConnectedLock washer。It is designed and manufactured according to DIN 6796, and is used for medium orHigh strength bolt, screw connection.Large bearing load andElastic recoveryHDS series is very effective, and the bolt tension can withstand the relaxation caused by the following reasons:Wearing partsWear, creep, relaxationthermal expansion, shrinkage, or compression of seals.HDS series has increased the elasticity of screws several times. It can effectively replace ordinary spring washers, but it is not suitable for combination of lock washers and flat washers.HDS series is a disc spring that can be folded or folded.The combination of coupling modes can increase theDeformation, combination of stacking modes can be increasedDisc springGroup'sSpring force。The ideal installation method is to flatten as much as possible. The closer to the flattening state, the faster the tensioning torque increasesTorque wrenchAppropriate bolt tension can be obtained.
