Franz II

The last emperor of the Holy Roman Empire

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Franz II (German: Franz II, February 12, 1768 - March 2, 1835), Holy Roman Empire The last emperor of (from July 5, 1792 to August 6, 2006), Austrian Empire The first emperor of Franz I , German: Franz I). Holy Roman Emperor leopold ii With the Queen Spain Of Maria Louisa Son, Habsburg Family chief.

Chinese name: Franz II
Foreign name: Franz II
Alias: Franz I
Nationality: Austria
date of birth: February 12, 1768
Date of death: March 2, 1835
Key achievements: Build the Austrian Empire, join Holy Alliance

Key achievements: Lead the Austrian Empire to Europe Anti French Alliance
one's native heath: Tuscany - Florence
Belief: Catholicism
Dynasty: Habsburg Lorraine
In office time: March 1, 1792 - March 2, 1835
Predecessor: leopold ii
successor: Ferdinand I

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one Character's Life
two Married children

Character's Life

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Franz II (7 sheets)

Franz II takes office Holy Roman Empire Emperor, Germany The situation of city-state separatism has been very serious, and the Holy Roman Emperor has already lost real power. French Revolution and Napoleon The rise of Zhucheng The prospect of empire is not optimistic due to the division of states. The Second Anti French Alliance After the end, the Holy Roman Empire lost everything Italy Territory, Switzerland More established Helvetic Republic , plundered Archduchy of Austria stay The Alps The territory in the middle. To fight Napoleon Emperor Franz II was founded on August 10, 1804 Austrian Empire , claiming Emperor of Austria 。 Third Coalition Later, Franz II Battle of Austerlitz The capital of the Holy Roman Empire Vienna Was captured by the French army three times, Austria The army was completely annihilated, and both sides signed《 Peace of Pressburg 》， The Confederation of Rhine Founded on August 6, 1806, Franz II was forced to give up Holy Roman Emperor Only the title of Austrian emperor was retained, which lasted for 844 years Holy Roman Empire Completely declared the end. Franz II was once again forced to submit to Napoleon and czar Alexander I In the Tilsit League. Noninterference The Seventh Russian Turkish War 。

Franz II launched four counter attacks Napoleon Of Holy Alliance , were defeated by Napoleon, and greatly weakened Austria's national strength, indirectly leading to the rise of Prussia in the future. In 1806, Napoleon forced the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, which lasted for 800 years, Austria become The Confederation of Rhine Part of. Franz II was forced to marry his daughter Mary Louisa marry to Napoleon 。 from then on Habsburg Dynasty Its influence has declined significantly, and it is unable to regain its influence in Europe.

Alexander I, Franz II, Frederick William III

Franz II presided over the meeting immediately after the fall of Napoleon in 1814 congress of vienna , at the Prime Minister Metternich Established under leadership Vienna system and Holy Alliance , attempting to recover Europe The old "order" to offset Liberalism However, he was forced to formulate a constitution and recognize part of the reform. After the revolution in 1848, the Vienna system was overthrown, and the Austrian Empire, which Franz II had spent all his life to maintain, collapsed, Hungary 、 Bohemia 、 balkan all countries nationalism A tumult arose.

Decapitated in the French Revolution Louis XVI queen marie antoinette She is the aunt of Franz II.

Married children

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Franz married four times in his life, with four sons and nine daughters, five of whom lived to adulthood.

Married children
relationship	portrait	name	Year of birth and death	introduce
First term wife	Duchess Elizabeth William Minnie Louise of Wuerttemberg	Wutengburg Elizabeth William Minnie Louise Duchess	April 21, 1767- February 18, 1790	The two were married in 1788, with a daughter
children	——	Archduke Ludovica Elizabeth （Ludovika Elisabeth）	February 18, 1790- June 24, 1791	Premature death
Second term wife	Princess Maria Teresa of Sicily	Bicilian Maria Theresa princess	June 6, 1772- April 13, 1807	Maria Teresa is Franz's aunt and cousin. They got married in 1790 and have four sons and eight daughters
children - - - - - - - - - - -	Mary Louise	Archduke Maria Ludovica （ Maria Ludovica ·Leopoldina Francesca Therese Josefa Lucia; Maria Ludovica Leopoldina Franziska Therese Josepha Lucia）	December 12, 1791- December 17, 1847	I.e Mary Louise , Queen of France, Duchess of Parma. Married three times: in 1810 and Napoleon Get married and have a son; In 1821, he married Earl Adam Albert von Nipag and had descendants; In 1834, he married Charles Rene de Bonbelles and had no offspring
	Ferdinand I	Ferdinand I （Ferdinand I）	April 19, 1793- June 29, 1875	Emperor of Austria. 1831 Maria Anna The princess married without offspring
	——	Archduke Maria Carolini （ Maria Carolini ·Leopoldina; Maria Karoline Leopoldine）	June 8, 1794- March 16, 1795	Premature death
	——	Archduke Caroline Ludovica （ Karoline Ludovika ）	December 22, 1795- June 30, 1797	Premature death
	Archduke Maria Leopoldina	Maria Leopoldina Female archduke （ Maria Leopoldina ·Josephine Carolina; Maria Leopoldine Josepha Caroline）	January 22, 1797- December 11, 1826	Queen of Portugal And the Empress of Brazil. 1817 and Pedro I Married with three sons and four daughters
	Patriarch Maria Clementine	Maria Clementine Female archduke （ Maria Clementine ·Francesca Josepha; Maria Klementine Franziska Josepha）	March 1, 1798- September 3, 1881	Sicilian Prince Leo Bordeaux Get married, have a daughter Maria Carolina Augusta
	Archduke Joseph Franz	Archduke Joseph Franz （ Joseph Frantz ·Leopold; Josef Franz Leopold）	April 9, 1799- June 30, 1807	Premature death
	Archduke Caroline Ferdinand	Archduke Caroline Ferdinand (Maria· Caroline Ferdinand ·Tricia Josephina Demetria; Maria Karoline Ferdinande Theresia Josephine Demetria）	April 8, 1801- May 22, 1832	With the King of Saxony Friedrich Auguste II Married, childless
	Franz Karl	Grand Duke Franz Karl （ Franz Karl ·Joseph; Franz Karl Joseph）	December 17, 1802- March 8, 1878	I.e Grand Duke Franz Karl , 1824 and Bavarian Princess Sophie Marriage with offspring (including Franz Joseph I of Austria ， Maximiliano I ）
	Archduke Maria Anna	Archduke Maria Anna （ Maria Anna ·Francesca Tracia Josepha Medad; Maria Anna Franziska Theresia Josepha Medarde）	June 8, 1804- December 28, 1858	Never married for life
	——	Archduke John （ John ·Nebomuk; Johann Nepomuk）	August 30, 1805- February 19, 1809	Premature death
	——	Amalia Tracia Female archduke （ Amalia Theresia ）	April 6, 1807- April 9, 1807	Premature death
Third term wife	Archduke Maria Ludovica Beatrix of Esther, Austria	Austrian Estonian Maria Ludovica Beatrix Female archduke	December 14, 1787- April 7, 1816	They are cousins, married in 1808, and have no children
Fourth term wife	Princess Caroline Auguste of Bavaria	Bavarian Princess Caroline Auguste	February 8, 1792- February 9, 1873	They were married in 1816 and have no children