Allogeneic fertilization generally refers to an animal that is hermaphroditic and participates in fertilization with eggs and sperm of different individuals. This phenomenon is called allogeneic fertilization. Allogeneic fertilization can also be divided into in vitro fertilization and in vivo fertilization.[2]
Principles and characteristics
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Male and female gametes of different individuals of the same species（germ cell）The phenomenon of fusion.Allogamy is mostly found inDioeciousPlants andHermaphroditeOn animals, but partlyHermaphroditeOrganisms (that is, those who can produce sperm and eggs at the same time in a single individual) can conduct allogeneic fertilization with highly differentiated methods, even some canAutofertilization(self fertilization)Allogamy。
Take thegerm cellThere are many ways to bring them together.In lower plants such as mosses and liverworts, the sperm of one individual can swim to the spawning place of another individual through a layer of wet membrane.In higher plants, allogamy is achieved bycross-pollinationThe way to complete, that is, the pollen grains on a plant cone or flower (responsible for producing malegamete）It spreads to the cones or flowers of another plant with female gametes.cross-pollinationBy wind (such as conifers) or through various animalsSymbiotic relationship(e.g. bees, some birds and bats absorb nectar) to spread pollen.
The method of animal allogeneic fertilization is also quite different.Most aquatic animals are completed by in vitro fertilization, that is, female and male individuals separate eggs andspermRelease it into water to make it naturally combine.Terrestrial animals are mostlyIn vivo fertilization, about tospermDirect injection into the female body, in vivo fertilization can also be seen in some fish and aquatic animals.Allogamy is the combination of two parentsgenetic materialSo it can makeorganismOccurs on a larger scalevariationFor natural selection to play a role in improving the ability of species to adapt to environmental changes.
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Reported on May 29, 1990.The first case in ChinaspermIn vitro capacitated allogeneic fertilization goats, three lambs per litter, were recently born in Northwest Agricultural University, and have been observed to grow well.spermIn vitro capacitated allogeneic fertilization is one of the important research topics in bioengineering and an important technology to realize the industrialization of livestock reproduction.The appearance of goats skilled in in vitro capacitation and allogeneic fertilization marks that Chinabioengineering technologyNew progress has been made, which not only helps to reveal the essence and mechanism of fertilization, but also contributes to the research on embryonic differentiation and developmentembryoSource and promotionEmbryo segmentation, Eggnuclear transfer, gender identification andGene introductionetc.Embryo engineeringThe research and development of[3]。
