There are two types of building energy consumptionDefinition methodIn a broad sense, building energy consumption refers to the energy consumption in the whole process from building material manufacturing, building construction to building use.In the narrow sense, building energy consumption, that is, building operation energy consumption, is the energy consumption of people's daily use, such as heating, air conditioning, lighting, cooking, laundry, etc. It is the leading part of building energy consumption.With the growth of economic income andQuality of lifeThe focus of construction consumption will shift from "hardware (decoration and durable consumer goods)" consumption to "software (function and environmental quality)" consumption, so guaranteeIndoor air qualityThe required energy consumption (air conditioning, ventilation, heating, hot water supply) will rise rapidly.
Among building energy consumption, air conditioning energy consumption accounts for a major proportion, about 2/3.Building energy consumption, industrial energy consumption, agricultural energy consumption and transportation energy consumption are collectively referred to as energy consumption for people's livelihood. Air conditioning energy consumption in China accounts for about 22% of the total energy consumption.
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(1) South andNorthern regionThe climate difference is large, and only the northern region adopts comprehensive winter heating.China is located in the middle and low latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, with a vast territory. The north and south of China span many climatic zones, such as severe cold, cold, hot summer and cold winter, mild, hot summer and warm winter.Summerthermidor The average outdoor temperature in most areas exceeds 26 ℃, which requires air conditioning;The winter climate varies greatly from region to region,Areas with hot summer and warm winterWinter ofAverage temperatureAbove 10 ℃, whileFrigid regionThe temperature difference between indoor and outdoor can be as high as 50 ℃ in winter, and heating is required for 5 months of the year;About 70% of the building area of cities and towns in northern China adopts centralized heating in winter, while most of the southern regions have no heating measures in winter, or only useAir conditioner、Small boilerAnd other heating methods scattered in the building.
(2) The energy consumption of urban and rural residences varies greatly.On the one hand, the types of energy used by urban and rural housing in China are different. In cities, coal, electricity and gas are mainly used, while in rural areas, some coal and electricity are excludedCommercial energyIn many areas, straw, firewood, etcbiomass energy It is still the main energy source for farmers;In addition, at present, the average urban and rural residents in China every yearConsumer expenditureThe difference is more than 3 times. All kinds of electrical appliances for urban and rural residentsInventoryAnd use time are also different.
(3) PutNon residentialOfCivil buildingsbe calledPublic buildingsIt is found that public buildings of different scales areEnergy consumption per unit building areaThere is a big difference. When the area of a single building exceeds 20000 square meterscentral air-conditioningIts energy consumption per unit building area is 3 to 8 times that of small-scale public buildings without central air conditioning, and its energy consumption characteristics and main problems are also different from those of small-scale public buildings.[1]
