Euphrates RiverIt's Southwest AsiaLargest river.The Euphrates River is about 2800km long.The Euphrates River is a famous river in the Middle EastTigris RiverCommon definitionMesopotamia。[1]
The Euphrates River is fromSumer To the birthplace of ancient culture in southern Mesopotamia in the era of Abbas.
In the early 1000 BC, the river basin was divided intoBabylonThe Aramaic people in the middle and the Hittites in the north are the base.AlamiThe region later becameAssyrian EmpirePart of.
The Euphrates River passes through a section of Syria, and then becomes the border between Rome and rest.
The Euphrates River is also the earliest birthplace of mankind,Mesopotamian civilization Babylon is the birthplace of the Tigris River.[2]
terrain
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The Euphrates River can be divided into three sections according to the terrain:
(1) The upper section of the Euphrates River starts from two main tributaries: the northern tributaryKarasu(Korasuyu, namely mixed water) River and Murat River, a tributary in the east.These two rivers originate fromArmenian Plateau, the river valley is wide and narrow, and deep gorges appear repeatedlyErraze(Elazig) confluence 50 km to the west of the town.
Euphrates River
The Euphrates River itself, formed by the confluence of the plateau, continues to meander between the tall mountains of the Taurus Mountains in southern Turkey with great twists and turns, and flows to Sam, Turkey, on the Syrian plateauSartreAt Samsat village, the water surface drops nearly 300 meters.
(2) The middle reaches of the Euphrates River, from Samsat in Turkey on the Syrian Plateau to Hit in the lowlands of Iraq, is nearly 1500 kilometers long.
The valley is a typical steep slope type, with the depth of cutting into the plateau surface reaching hundreds of feet, and the floodplain width varying from 3-6 kilometers.In the middle reaches, the main tributaries of the Euphrates River, including the Al Khabur River, converge at the main stream.
(3) The lower section of the Euphrates River flows out from the deep valley on the Syrian plateau and appears in Hite. It widens on the Iraqi plain, reducing the flow and slowing down the flow rate.The climate in this area is dry, and the river water is largely lost due to evaporation of river surface and floodplain and irrigation.
DeltaA large area of sediment is deposited on the plain, and the drainage is not smooth, and there are a lot of braided flows.swampAnd permanent shallow lakes, which absorb a large amount of the flow of the Euphrates River and make it change with the seasons.From Hite to MusaiIb(Al Musayyib) is a single river channel.Between two placesFallujah(Al Fallujah) The Euphrates River is far from the Tigris River, and has been like today since ancient timesBaghdadSuch citiesrely on。
The river is divided into two tributaries below Musaiab, one is the east side of the Al Hillah River, which is the former main stream channel;The other is Al Hindiyah in the west, which is now the main stream channel.These two tributaries converge into a single river near As Samawah, 175 km away from its beginning, and extend toNasiriye（An-Nasiriyah）。
Here, the Euphrates River is divided into many waterways and extends into the beach andHamar(al Hammar) Lake, which joins the Tigris River at the east end of the lake.From here on, the Arabian River, formed by the confluence of the two rivers, flows 193 kilometers into the Persian Gulf.[3]
Originating from the Anatolian Plateau in eastern TurkeySierra Netoros。The source is called Kalasu River, which flows west to the north of Banke and joins Murat River, and then it is called Euphrates River.After that, it zigzagged southward and entered south of BireguikSyriaWithin the territory, it turns to the southeast near Meskney, and receives the Bailihe River, Habul River, etc. along the waytributaryLater, it entered Iraq and flowed into the plain near Hite. Since then, it never flowed into a tributary of the river.
The water flowing to Xindiya is divided into two branches, and the east branch is calledShira RiverThe west branch is called Hindiya River.Xindiye Dam is built at the diversion of the two rivers to control the water volume of the two rivers and form an important irrigated agricultural area in Iraq.
The two rivers meet near Semava and continue to flow southeastTigris RiverConfluence, renamed the Arabian River, enters near Fa'aoPersian Gulf。
From the source of the river toSemavaThe river is 2750km long, with a drainage area of 673000 square kilometers.
It is mainly recharged by snow melting in high mountains and rainfall in mountain areas, and the water volume is relatively rich. However, due to evaporation, leakage and large amount of irrigation along the way, the flow to the middle and lower reaches decreases sharply.
The Euphrates RiverIraqAfter entering the plain area near Hite, an important irrigated agricultural area in Iraq was formed along the river, which was divided into two branches from Musaib to Samarwa.The north branch, also known as the Xila River, is about 190 kilometers long and flows through the city of Xila;The south branch, also known as Xindiya River, is about 210km long and flows through the city of Xindiya.
Euphrates River
From Hite to Khulna, the flow on the plain is about 700 kilometers.The steamboat can be reached from Hite, with a voyage of nearly 900 kilometers.[3]
Development governance
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Euphrates River
Since the annual and seasonal runoff of Euphrates River is zerolaw, making it difficult to control floods and establish suitable irrigation facilities, especially in Iraq.Over the centuries, especially in modern times, many buildings have been builtdike, levees, reservoirs, dams, weirs, canals and other drainage facilities.[4]
Water system culture
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Mesopotamian civilization
River panorama
Iraq, a country plagued by war, was once a place of splendid civilization long ago.Nourished by the Euphrates and TigrisMesopotamian PlainIt was once the location of ancient Babylon, where the world's earliest civilization was born——Mesopotamian civilization。
In 4000 BCCuneiform。stayMesopotamian civilization With the promotion ofIndus CivilizationGradually form and develop.From there, the Greeks learned mathematics, physics and philosophy;Jews learned theology from there and spread it to the world;The Arabs learned architecture from there, and taught the whole barbaric Europe in the Middle Ages.
In 1792 BC《Code of Hammurabi》The promulgation has become a necessary lesson in the history of our world civilization.
In 605 BC, the new kingdom of Babylon destroyed Assyria.
In 538 BC,Iranian PlateauOfPersiaHaving destroyed the kingdom of Babylon, the civilization of the two river basins, as an independent whole, came to a close.The ruins of the ancient city of Babylon are 90 kilometers south of Baghdad, the capital of Iraq, on the right bank of the Euphrates River.From 2000 BC to 1000 BC, it was the most developed place in West Asia and the capital of Babylon and New Babylon.[4]
Encyclopedia x ignorance: illustrating Sumerian civilization
The Bible and the River
On《Bible》The Middle Euphrates River is called the Euphrates River.The Euphrates was first mentioned in Genesis 2.It is the successorPishon （Pishon）、Gihon (Gihon) andTigris RiverAfter.Article 4 FromGarden of EdenA flowing river.The Euphrates is also a promise from GodAbrahamThe land of its descendants（Canaan ）One of the boundaries of.According to the Bible Revelation, when the end of the world comes, the Euphrates River will dry upHamijidotonPrepare for (a war of doom).
song
On the banks of the Euphrates River
va, pensiero, sull'ale dorate; Fly, miss, with golden wings;
va, ti posa sui clivi, sui colli, Fly, Junlin hillside, hill,
