Complex high production oil and gas fields in the East China Sea
The Pinghu oil and gas field is located in the East China SeaXihu Trough It is a complex high production oil and gas field developed.The total development area is 240 square kilometers, belonging toShanghaihave jurisdiction over.In 1974, exploration began in the East China Sea. In 1982, this oil-bearing structure was discovered and named“PinghuStructure ", spud in the same year.It was officially completed in 1999 and has been expanded for many times.
Pinghu oil and gas field is the largest oil and gas field in ChinaEast China Sea Shelf BasinXihu Trough The developed high-yield oil and gas field is the first complex oil and gas field discovered and put into development in the East China Sea, with a total development area of 240 square kilometers.It is under the jurisdiction of Shanghai.It is located about 450 kilometers southeast of Shanghai.
The first phase of the development project, Fangheting Structure, has been put into operation since 1999. It has continuously and steadily supplied 1.2 million cubic meters of natural gas to Shanghai every day, and has produced a considerable amount ofcrude oil; After the first phase of expansion was implemented in 2003, the daily gas supply scale was increased to 1.8 million cubic meters.High yield wells were drilled in 2006 and 2010.[1-3]
Crude oil exploitation and gathering in Pinghu Oil and Gas Field[4]
Pinghu oil and gas field is located in the East China Sea shelf basinXihu Trough In the middle of Pinghu fault structural belt in the west, the main fault is NNE trending, with an extension length of more than 100km.The oil and gas field area consists of FanghetingOctagonal pavilion、Lake Watching PavilionIt is composed of 8 structures.natural gasThe reserve is tens of billions of cubic meters,petroleumThe reserve is tens of millions of tons, and the oil quality is medium. It is a medium-sized oilfield.
Pinghu oil and gas field is the first oil and gas field discovered by the Marine Geological Survey Bureau of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources since China launched oil and gas exploration in the East China Sea in 1974.The first discovery well was drilled in Pinghu structure in 1983 after the 1982 intensive seismic survey, and the reserves report of Pinghu oil and gas field was submitted in 1990. It took eight years to complete the two-dimensional and3D seismic explorationThe workload is 4243km.Four wells were drilled, with a total footage of 16211.56m, a total footage of 250.28m and a core length of 214.83m.WhereTarget layerHuagang FormationandPinghu FormationThe coring footage is 212.5m, and the core length is 192.79m.High yield oil and gas flow has been obtained from the four wells drilled.These data have laid a solid foundation for the later early mining demonstration.[2]
1982, explorers inXihu Trough An oil-bearing geological structure named Pinghu Structure has been found in the west.Same yearNovember 27thThe survey ship started drilling Pinghu No.1 Well.
1983April 10thThe drilling is completed and stable oil and gas flow are obtained.
1986Well 2 and Well 3 were drilled in this structure.
1988April 16th, Pinghu No.4 Well started,December 11thUpon completion, the well obtained high production oil and gas flow.
1988April 19th,Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic CooperationSigned an agreement with the U.S. Trade Development Office (TDP), which funded 660000 yuan from ChinadollarDeveloping the East China Seanatural gasFeasibility study of early mining.
1989June 8thThe final report of Feasibility Study on Natural Gas Utilization and Early Development in the East China Sea of Bechtel was approved.
Distribution Diagram of Local Structures of Pinghu Oil and Gas Field[3]
1994In January, Shanghai Petroleum Corporation proposed to use pipelines to transport natural gas.
1996In the second half of the year, Pinghu oil and gas field began offshore engineering construction.
1999Pinghu Oil and Gas Field was officially completed, with a daily output of 1.2 million cubic meters of natural gas, which is mainly used to supply the Shanghai market, mainly as gas for citizens.
2003The field has been expanded and its production capacity has been increased to 1.8 million cubic meters per day.
2006Pinghu oil and gas field expansion phase II in the East China Sea is located 7 kilometers northwest of Fangheting structureOctagonal pavilionPlatform.In the same year, the gas field was expanded in the third phase.The newly explored "Pinghu No. 9 Well" is the third exploration well since Pinghu Oil and Gas Field was put into production. It is located in the Zhongshan Pavilion structure 4.5 kilometers southwest of Pinghu oil production platform.[3]
2010Shanghai Petroleum&Natural Gas Co., LtdMajor oil and gas discoveries were made during oil and gas drilling in the southern Pinghu area of the East China Sea. It is preliminarily proved that the newly increased natural gas reserves in this area are more than 5 billion cubic meters, and the newly increased crude oil reserves are more than 1.3 million tonsCondensateThe reserve is more than 800000 tons.[1]
geology
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Pinghu oil and gas field is located in the East China Sea shelf basinXihu Trough The west side is in the middle of Pinghu fault structural belt, and the west side is bounded by Pinghu main fault.The main fault of Pinghu is NNE trending, with an extension length of more than 100kmPinghu FormationThe formation of sedimentation plays an important control role.Pinghu Oil and Gas Field consists of FanghetingOctagonal pavilion, Wanghuting, Shuangzhaoting and other eight large and small structures, of which Fangheting, Bajiaoting and Wanghuting structures are the main structures, all of which have drilling control, and industrial oil and gas flow has been tested, that is, the blocks planned and developed by Shanghai Petroleum Corporation.
Fangheting structure is the largest structure in Pinghu oil and gas fieldHuagang FormationlayertrapBe completeanticlineWell Pinghu 4 is located at the high point of the anticline, Well Pinghu 1 is located at the east wing, and Well Pinghu 3 is located at the west wing of the anticline.The Pinghu Formation stratigraphic trap is also an anticline with a large trap area, and its east and west wings are complicated by the second and the first Fangyi faults respectively.
Bajiaoting structure is located in the descending side of Pinghu main fault to the north of Fangheting structure.The trap of Huagang Formation is a complete anticline, striking northeast, with two high points. Well Pinghu 2 is located in the northwest of the high point,Pinghu FormationStratum trap is controlled by Pinghu main faultReverse tractionSemi anticline, with 2 high points.
Wanghuting structure is located to the west of Fangheting structure, and the descending side of Wangyi fault is from Haijiao bulge to depressionDumpingA local structure developed on the extended nose uplift is divided into three fault blocks by two small faults.
Through comprehensive study of lithology, electrical property, paleontology and other analytical data, it is determined that the Donghai Group isNeritic faciesSedimentation;The Santan Formation is sea landTransitional phasetoContinental deposit;Miocene is composed of shallow lakes, riversMarsh faciesSedimentation;Huagang Formation is from shallow lake toFluvial faciesSedimentation;Pinghu FormationIt is a semi enclosed bay facies deposit.
Oil and gas in Pinghu Formation and Huagang Formation of Pinghu Oil and Gas FieldReservoir rockAll are sandstone type.The reservoir rocks of Huagang Formation are mainly medium sandstone and fine sandstone, followed by coarse siltstone;Cementation typeMainly contact pore type;Pore typeIt is mainly intergranular pores,porositypermeability Good.The reservoir rocks in the upper Pinghu Formation are mainly fine sandstone, followed by medium sandstone and coarse siltstone;The cementation type is mainly contact pore type;Pore typePrimary poreAnd secondary intergranularDissolved poreAnd dissolved pores in grains.Medium porosity and permeability.The reservoir rocks in the middle and lower section of Pinghu Formation are mainly feldspathic quartz fine sandstone. As it is in the late diagenetic stage,pore structure Change is affected byCompactionGreat impact.The pore types are intergranular dissolved pore, intragranular dissolved pore andCementDissolved pores are dominant, and primary pores are significantly reduced.Both porosity and permeability are relatively poor.
Hydrocarbon reservoirIt is characterized by the diversity of oil and gas reservoirs in the four wells, among which the number of oil and gas reservoirs in Well Pinghu 4 is the largest, and the single layer is relatively thick. The total thickness of reliable oil and gas reservoirs in the whole well is large.Pinghu Well 2 and Well 1 are in sequence, and Pinghu Well 3 has few oil and gas reservoirs and thin single layer.Secondly, the single well oil-bearing well section is relatively long.Pinghu FormationandHuagang FormationIt is the main oil and gas reservoir.
Fluid properties,crude oilWith light color, high transparency, low density (0.746~0.779) and low viscosity(Kinematic viscosity1.01~1.48Centistoke), Lowfreezing point(all below 0 ℃), lowInitial boiling point(35~115 ℃), and low sulfur content (0.05%)WaxyLess (2.67% on average), containing colloid andAsphalteneLess (generally less than 0.5%) and high light component.The gas reservoir test confirms that the gas oil ratio is highHigh pressure physical propertiesData, gas reservoir fluidPhase stateIt belongs to condensate gas reservoir, and natural gas in AfricaHydrocarbonsThe content of gas N2 and CO2 is low, and there is almost no H2S. According to the statistics of more than ten gas reservoirs,CondensateThe average content is 185.94g/m3, which is medium.Formation waterCl,Generally 0.5~17g/L,Total salinity7~34 g/l, mostly NaHCO3 type, some MgCl2 andCaCl2Type.
Oil and gas reservoir characteristics, mainly includinganticlineType bottom water block reservoir.Gas reservoirs are mainly fault block anticline structure and lithology controlled layered condensate gas reservoirs, and high-pressure layered condensate gas reservoirs controlled by structure and lithology.
The reserves of Pinghu Oil and Gas Field that have been reviewed and approved by the National Reserves Committee (includingUndeveloped proved reservesandControlled reserves)Tens of billions of cubic meters of natural gas, tens of millions of tons of condensate and crude oil.It should be a medium-sized oil and gas field.In addition, there are still a number of structures available for drilling, storage expansion and upgrading within Pinghu Oil and Gas Field, which still have great potential.[2]
Early mining
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Gestation process
In 1983, after the industrial oil and gas flow was tested in Pinghu Well 1 constructed by Pinghu Structure, the overall analysis of the oil and gas geological conditions in the East China Sea shelf basin that had been preliminarily mastered showed that it had good oil and gas prospects.In September 1984, Shanghai, Fujian and Zhejiang provinces were in short supply of petroleum energy,Ministry of Geology and Mineral ResourcesministerSun DaguangThat is, with the mayor of ShanghaiWang DaohanAnd exchanged views on accelerating the exploration and development of East China Sea oil, and prepared documents to put forward to the State Council issues such as early exploration of East China Sea oil and the establishment of oil exploration and development companies.The Marine Geological Survey has prepared the Tentative Plan for Oil and Gas Exploration and Development in the East China Sea, the Plan for Establishing the East China Sea Oil Exploration and Development Company and other specific opinions.Later, the State CouncilorKang Shien、Zhang JinfuHe has also listened to reports on oil exploration in the East China Sea for many times, and has given important instructions on early exploitation.
On March 26, 1985, according to the State Councilprime ministerZhao ziyangWith regard to the instructions on the feasibility study of early exploitation of oil and gas resources in the East China Sea, more than 20 units of relevant ministries and commissions of the State Council attended the meeting.The meeting was presided over by Jiang Jiazu, deputy director of the Gas Power Bureau of the State Planning Commission, and listened to the systematic report of Gu Zongping, deputy director of the Marine Geological Survey Bureau, on the survey and exploration of oil and gas in the East China Sea, the basic evaluation of oil and gas, the preliminary plan for implementing early exploitation, and the organizational measures to accelerate oil exploration and development in the East China Sea and related economic policy issues.Jiang Jiazu pointed out that the key is to demonstrate the resource situation, and asked the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources to further fully prepare the feasible technical scheme, economic analysis, etc., put forward a feasibility report, and asked all units present to closely cooperate and support.
From November 1985 to June 1986, in order to make the exact oil and gas reserves more clear, the Marine Geological Survey successively drilled Pinghu Well 2 and Pinghu Well 3 in Pinghu Structure, obtaining high-yield oil and gas flow.From February 14 to 16, 1987, at the scientific research project of early exploitation of East China Sea oil and gas fields and the working meeting of liquid transportation system for early exploitation of natural gas held by Shanghai Municipal Economic Commission entrusted by the State Economic Commission, the project approval report of "Conceptual Research on Early Exploitation System of East China Sea Oil and Gas Fields" proposed by the Marine Geological Survey Bureau was affirmed, and it was suggested to be included in the scientific research plan of the State Economic Commission.At the same time, it is further clarified that the main objective of early exploitation must be changed from offshore oil to offshore natural gas.From April to May 1987, the Marine Geological Survey and the Leading Group of Offshore Petroleum Equipment of the State Economic Commission signed a conceptual study on the early natural gas production system of Pinghu Oil and Gas Field in the East China SeaNational scientific research projectsSpecial contract, which is led by the Marine Geological Survey and participated by 708 Institute.Scientific research subsidy is 300000 yuan.
From January 6 to 9, 1987, the State Economic Commission and Shanghai jointly held the East China Sea Oil and Gas Early Exploitation Project Demonstration Review Meeting in Shanghai, which was attended by 112 representatives from 45 units of the State Council and local governments, Fan Muhan, the leader of the leading group for offshore oil equipment of the State Economic Commission, and the vice mayor of ShanghaiNi TianzengDeputy Secretary GeneralXia Keqiang、Ministry of Geology and Mineral ResourcesDeputy Chief Engineer Xu Baowen and others attended the meeting.Vice Mayor Ni Tianzeng presided over the opening ceremony and made a summary report at the closing ceremony.The Marine Geological Survey Bureau, 708 Research Institute and Shanghai Municipal Public Utilities Bureau respectively reported the early exploitation, storage, transportation and use plan of natural gas in the East China Sea.
The meeting confirmed three basic principles for the development and utilization of oil and gas resources in the East China Sea: the development of oil and gas resources in the East China Sea should take Pinghu oil and gas field as the starting point and implement early exploitation;The natural gas from the exploitation of Pinghu Oil and Gas Field is transported to Shanghai by compression, canning and shipping;After landing, natural gas will be processed and used as fuel for Shanghai citizens. The first phase goal is to supply 800000 cubic meters of natural gas to Shanghai every day.
At the meeting, it was decided that under the leadership of the Leading Group of Offshore Petroleum Equipment of the State Economic Commission, the Marine Geological Survey Bureau, 708 Institute and Shanghai Municipal Public Utilities Bureau (including Shanghai Gas Company) would set up a feasibility study team, which would be established by Shanghaiconstruction committeeTake the lead in setting up a leading group to lead and coordinate the early work of natural gas exploitation in the East China Sea.
During this period, four delegations went abroad to investigate and study early oil and gas exploitation in the East China Sea.From June to July 1985, entrusted by the Leading Group of Offshore Petroleum Equipment of the State Economic Commission, Xia Guozhi, Vice Minister of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources, led a delegation to Brazil to investigate the early exploitation of offshore oil, andPetrobrasChina and Brazil signed offshore oil technical cooperation agreements and contracts for 5 technical cooperation projects.From March 29 to April 13, 1987, Shanghai Municipal Construction Commission organized a delegation to Thailand for investigationGulf of ThailandOffshore natural gas exploitation.In June 1987, the Leading Group of Offshore Petroleum Equipment of the State Economic Commission organized a delegation to France to investigate the exploitation and utilization of natural gas.In the investigation report submitted in July, options for early natural gas exploitation in the East China Sea were proposedcompressed natural gas (CNG) scheme for natural gassea transportRecommendations.From June 5 to 21, 1988, the Marine Geological Survey and Shanghai Offshore Oil Service Corporation organized a delegation to Canada to investigate and discuss the "Research Report on Early Production System in the East China Sea" completed by Canadian Ocean Engineering Corporation.
On November 12, 1987, the East China Sea Natural Gas Early Exploitation Feasibility Study Group was formally formed, with He Zhigang as the team leader and Lian Gan as the deputy team leader.The State Economic Commission allocates 500000 yuan of scientific research subsidies.On December 23 of the same year, the General Office of the Shanghai Municipal Government issued a document to establish a leading group for the early exploitation of natural gas in the East China Seaconstruction committeeLed by the Municipal Planning Commission, the Municipal Economic Commission, the Municipal Science and Technology Commission, the Municipal Foreign Economic and Trade Commission, the Municipal Government's Policy Research Office, the Marine Geological Survey, the Municipal Public Utilities Bureau and other units.Chen Zhengxing, deputy director of the Municipal Construction Commission, served as the team leader, Gu Zongping, deputy director of the Marine Geological Survey Bureau, and Du Yuanshun, deputy director of the Municipal Public Utilities Bureau, served as the deputy team leaders.
On February 8, 1988, the research group went to Beijing to report to the State Economic Commission, the State Planning Commission and the State Council Major Equipment OfficePre feasibility studyachievements.Meeting requirementsMinistry of Geology and Mineral ResourcesPay close attention to the evaluation and research of Pinghu oil and gas field and the preparation and approval of reserves report, and suggest that Shanghai, the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources andChina National Shipbuilding CorporationJointly prepare a document and report it to the State Planning Commission to list the early exploitation of natural gas in the East China Sea in the countryCapital construction projects。In February 1988, the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources decided to drill a hole at the high point of Fangheting structure in Pinghu oil and gas fieldAppraisal well——Pinghu Well 4.The drilling was started on April 16, 1988, completed on December 9, 1989, and the test was completed on March 13, 1989. The cumulative daily natural gas production of each layer was 1.486 million cubic meters, and the crude oil and condensate were 1892.85 cubic meters.For Pinghu Oil and Gas FieldReserves calculationProvides reliablegeological data 。June 10-14, 1990, nationwideore reserveThe oil and gas professional committee of the management committee reviewed the reserves report of Pinghu oil and gas field submitted by the Marine Geological Survey Bureau in Shanghai, and clearly pointed out that the structure formation, main fault distributionReservoir typeIt is basically clear,Reserves calculation parametersBasically complete, reliable and calculatedproved reservesIt can be classified as Class II proved reserves(Undeveloped proved reservesNote: The original declaration isBasic proved reserves)Can be used as the basis for development and construction.On June 22, 1990, the National Reserves Management Committee officially issued the Resolution on Review and Approval of the Reserves Report of Pinghu Oil and Gas Field.According to the proved reserves approved by the National Reserve Management Committee, the reserves can meet the requirements of the estimated annual output and production life of early mining.
In order to make the technical and economic feasibility of early exploitation recognized by international authorities, on April 19, 1988, an agreement was signed with the United States Trade Development Office (TDP) to fund China with 660000 US dollars to carry out the feasibility study of early exploitation of natural gas in the East China Sea.On September 15, 1988, Shanghai Offshore Oil Platform Engineering Co., Ltd., on behalf of China, signed a feasibility study contract for the utilization and early exploitation of natural gas in the East China Sea with Bechtel Corporation of the United States (the contract was approved by the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation and TDP on October 25).From November 14, 1988 to March 21, 1989, Chinese personnel went to the United States to execute the contract in batches. Deputy Secretary General of Shanghai Municipal GovernmentXia KeqiangActing Director of the Marine Geological SurveyGu ZongpingHe went to the United States to participate in the review of the final results.On March 27, the mayor's office meeting of Shanghai heard the report of Xia Keqiang's work in the United States.From June 6 to 8, a review meeting on the final report of Feasibility Study on East China Sea Natural Gas Utilization and Early Development undertaken by Bechtel was held in Shanghai and passed.
In December 1989, the research team completed the Supplementary Report on Feasibility Study of Natural Gas Utilization and Early Exploitation in the East China Sea.On March 30, 1990, the Supplementary Report on the Feasibility Study of Early Exploitation of Natural Gas in the East China Sea and the expert review meeting on the rolling development plan were held again.Experts believe that the introduction of the supplementary report has increased the reality of the implementation of the project economically.
In April 1991, according to the approved reserves report of Pinghu Oil and Gas Field, the review comments of Shanghai Bureau of Shipping Survey and American Bureau of Shipping on the design scheme of shuttle lucky boatShanghai Investment Consulting Co., LtdThe final report (first draft) of the feasibility study was re prepared, which was reviewed and approved by Shanghai Municipality, Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources and China Shipbuilding CorporationProject ProposalReport to the National Planning Commission for formal project approval.Later, the State Planning Commission entrusted the Ministry of EnergyChina International Engineering Consulting CorporationThe preliminary review and evaluation of the report were carried out, and the preliminary review and evaluation opinions were put forward. The research group also revised and finalized the first draft of the report. In January 1992, the report was officially submitted to the State Planning Commission.In June 1992, the State Council approved the report of the State Planning Commission and agreed to establish the project.In April of the same year,China National Shipbuilding CorporationA symposium on the research results of the project was held in Shanghai. In July, the research results of the project were formally identified and accepted (the final feasibility study report was finalized in 1995).
In the whole process of the feasibility study of natural gas compression shipping in Pinghu Oil and Gas Field, in addition to the discussion and comparison of other mining methods such as pipeline transportation scheme and methanol transportation scheme during the scheme demonstration, the Canadian Ocean Engineering Company was specially entrusted to study the methanol transportation scheme in 1990 and submitted a research report.However, if this scheme is adopted, about 40% of energy will be lost in the process of conversion from natural gas to methanol, and there are still some technical problems in methanol production on the sea and difficulties in requiring a large amount of fresh water, so no further study has been made on this scheme.In 1990, Australia's BridgeOil Ltd was entrusted to make a special feasibility study on pipeline transmission of natural gas and crude oil, and a research report was submitted in July 1991.The feature of this scheme is that it adopts the single pipe two-phase flow oil and gas mixed transportation scheme, and proposes to set up an intermediate treatment station on an island between the oilfield and Shanghai, which has advantages in technology and economy.After the establishment of Shanghai Petroleum Corporation, the early exploitation of Pinghu oil and gas field has been determined as a pipeline transportation scheme.[2]
Pipeline transportation scheme
In January 1994, Shanghai Petroleum Corporation submitted the Overall Development Report of Pinghu Oil and Gas Field in the East China Sea to the State Development Planning Commission, proposing a pipeline transmission scheme. Its advantages are that it can transport more oil and gas without being affected by weather and sea conditions, and the transportation is safe.In April of the same year, the State Planning Commission entrustedChina International Engineering Consulting CorporationAn expert evaluation meeting was held in Beijing to evaluate the report.The meeting considered that it is feasible to implement pipeline transmission scheme for oil and gas in Pinghu Oil and Gas Field.At the end of 1995, the State Council approved the report, and the pipeline transportation system project was officially established.
The main content of pipeline transmission scheme design is to establish subsea Christmas tree and subsea sink in Pinghu Oil and Gas FieldTubingLine and oil production platform, oil gas water separation device and booster pump are established on the platform.Between oil and gas fields and Nanhui County, ShanghaiDaishan IslandA 50000 ton crude oil storage and a 20000 ton crude oil loading and unloading dock will be built.One natural gas treatment plant will be built in Xingang Township, Nanhui County.In oil and gas fieldsDaishan IslandA subsea oil pipeline with a diameter of 10 inches and a length of 306 kilometers will be built between them.A submarine gas transmission pipeline with a diameter of 14 inches and a length of 375km will be built between the oil and gas field and Nanhui Natural Gas Treatment Plant.After oil and gas are extracted from the seabed, they are preliminarily processed on the oil production platform to separate oil, gas and water, and then pumped into the oil pipeline, transported to Daishan Island transit station, and then transported from the transit station to the wharf for shipment.The separated gas is pumped into the gas transmission pipeline to Nanhui Natural Gas Treatment Plant, from where it is transmitted to Pudong New Area through land pipelines.After the completion of the whole project, 1.2 million cubic meters of gas and 2500 cubic meters of oil can be supplied to Pudong New Area every day, which can provide stable gas for 15 years. The supply has declined year by year since then.It is planned to start offshore engineering construction in the second half of 1996, and formally supply gas to Pudong New Area by the end of 1998 or the beginning of 1999.[2]