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Market participants refer to the participants in the financial market in finance.There are two categories: one is the real buyer and seller, that is, the transaction subject;One isFinancial market media, also known as financial intermediary.Financial participants can also be divided into families, enterprises and governments, which are the main ones in the financial marketFund supplierorFund demanderTherefore, it is the transaction subject of the financial market.The household sector, sometimes called the personal sector, is an important provider of funds in the financial market, or the main subscription or investor of financial instruments.Enterprises are closely linked to the financial market because they are engaged in commodity production. The diversification of corporate capital sources and the diversification of investment subjects mean that enterprises become the main body of securities issuance in the financial market, and become the main factor determining the size of the primary market. Financial intermediaries themselves are also enterprises.In addition to being the largest capital demander and transaction subject in the financial market, the government is also an important regulator and regulator, so its status in the financial market is dual.[1]
Securities issuers refer to issuers who issue bonds, stocks and other securities to raise funds.Including companies, governments and government agencies.
Securities investors
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Securities investors refer to various institutional legal persons and natural persons who invest by buying securities.Accordingly, securities investors can be divided into institutional investors and individual investors.
Institutional investors mainly include government institutions, financial institutions, enterprises and institutional legal persons and various funds.Among them, the purpose of government institutions participating in securities investors is mainly to adjust the surplus and shortage of funds and carry out macro-control.The Central BankOpen market operationAs a policy tool, it can influence the money supply or interest rate level through buying and selling government bonds or financial bonds, and carry out macro-control.Financial institutions participating in securities investment includeSecurities business organizationBanking financial institutions, insurance operating institutions, qualified foreign institutional investors (QFII) and qualified domestic institutional investors (QDII), sovereign wealth funds and other financial institutions.Enterprises can control or participate in other enterprises through stock investment, and can also obtain income by investing temporarily idle funds in securities through self operation or entrusting professional institutions.Institutional investors of fund nature includesecurities investment funds Social security fund, enterprise annuity, social welfare fund, etc.
Individual investors refer to social natural persons engaged in securities investment. They are the most extensive investors in the securities market.
Individuals should have some basic conditions for securities investment, including relevant national laws and regulations on the investment qualification of individual investors and individual investors must have certain economic strength.In order to protect the interests of individual investors, the regulatory regulations also require relevant individuals to have certain product knowledge and sign a writtenInformed consent。
agency
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Securities market intermediaries refer to various institutions that provide services for the issuance and trading of securities.The agencies that play an intermediary role in the securities market are securities companies and securities service agencies, among which the latter mainly include securities investment consulting agenciesSecurities registration and clearing institutionFinancial advisory agencies, credit rating agencies, asset appraisal agenciesaccounting firm, law firms, etc.
self-regulatory organization
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Self regulatory organizations in the securities market mainly includestock exchangeAnd industry associations.China's securities registration and settlement institutions also implement self-discipline management.
Securities regulator
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In our country,Securities regulatorRefers to the CSRC and its dispatched offices.Its main responsibilities are: to formulate rules and regulations on the supervision and administration of the securities market in accordance with the law, to supervise the implementation of relevant laws and regulations, to protect the legitimate rights and interests of investors, to implement comprehensive supervision of the national securities issuance, securities trading, and the acts of intermediaries in accordance with the law, and to maintain a fair and orderly securities market.[2]
