Pazeh; Kulon Pazeh; Bazehai[1]It is the language used by the Bazai people in Taiwan, one of the minority languages in Taiwan, belonging toAustronesian language familyThe subgroup of.It is also classified as the first group of Taiwanese Austronesian, andAtayal (Atayal, Tayal).PazehHaizu；Pai Zai Hai) is one of Taiwan's ethnic minorities, distributed inTaichungFengyuan, Shengang.
The inland area near Houli is roughly centered on Fengyuan and extends to the northDajiaxiThe river bank reaches Dongshijiao (now Dongshijiao) in the east, Tanzi (now Tanzi) in the south, and Henggang at the foot of Dadu Mountain in the west.Under the division, the Bazai people also belong to the Pingpu ethnic group. The biggest feature is that the adult height is higher than that of ordinary South Island ethnic minorities, about 170 cm above.
present situation
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The United Nations recently listed 199 world "crisis" languages. The so-called crisis means that few people can speak. Among them, there are about 18 "extremely crisis" languages, and no more than 10 people can speak.Taiwan also has several endangered languages, most of which are Taiwan's minority languages, one of which is Bazai. Only one Bazai elder, 96 year old Pan Jinyu, can speak it.
Taichung
Bazai people, like Shao people, have been killed by Taiwanminnan With assimilation, almost all ethnic groups have blended into the Han nationality circle, and Minnan language is the main ethnic language.In 2006, the only Bazai speaker in the world was Nantou Puli“Pan Jinyu”Madam.Pan Jinyu, who was born in 1914, has devoted herself to the recovery movement of "Bazai language" in recent years.For decades, she has almost used Minnan language in her daily life, because few people can speak to her in fluent Bazaar language.In 2001, Pan Jinyu assisted Academician Li Rengui of the Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica, and Japanese scholar Tu Tianzi to compile the world's first Bazai Dictionary.The Ailan Church in Puli, Nantou, teaches Bazaar every Saturday morning.
Correlation
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Bazai language and Gaha sorcery language can communicate with each other.There are still some phonetic differences between them, and some slight differences with some expressions, such as: Bazai language has retroflex“r"; And the Gaha witches use the back tone"l"Substitute, or omit"r". Most of the sentences are similar, with only slight differences in sentence patterns. Perhaps the two are similar to the" Dekdaya "and" Delugu "in Sedek. Bazai is currently spelled in Latin letters, for example," homeland "is written as" xumak a ribu ".
historical background
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Before the Dutch colonial era in the 17th century, there was no written record of the minority languages in Taiwan, so we can only use linguistic methods to speculate on the early history.Daokas, Babusha, Babula and Hongya are closely related, and they may have been separated from the same language for less than 1000 years.The relationship between Bazai language and these languages is not clear.Compared with the first four, the relationship between Bazai language and Saixia language is closer.Therefore, the common ancestor of the Bazai language and the Saixia language and the common ancestor of the first four will differentiate from each other earlier.
Bazai people were originally distributed inTaichungInland.In 1804, Pan Xianwen led some Daokas, Babula, Babusa, Hongya and Bazai people to move to Yilan.In 1814, the Hundred Years of Guo Incident occurred, and the power of Taiwan's ethnic minorities in Puli declined.In 1823, in order to protect themselves, the Taiwan minority in Puli invited Pingpu people, including Bazai people, to move into Puli.
The study of Bazai language began in the 19th century.The first researchers were Steere (1873), Yineng Jiaju (1897) and Ogawa Shangyi (1923).At that time, there were still many people using Bazai language.Steere recorded the vocabulary and 28 sentences.Yi Nengjiaju recorded a text and some words.Ogawa Shangyi recorded a long vocabulary and made a preliminary grammatical analysis based on the sentences he collected.Yi Neng Jiaju and Su Ye Chuancheng's "Taiwan Tibetan Affairs" (1900) pointed out that the Bazai people have been sinicized, but still use the Bazai language, and they were classified as Pingpu people.
Researchers in the 1960s and 1970s include Tutianzi (1969), Ferrell (1970) and Li Rengui (1978).At this time, only some older people still remember Bazai language.Tutianzi recorded two short texts, two long texts, and a large number of words.Ferrell recorded some basic words, dialogues, and word formation patterns.Li Rengui recorded some words and texts, and made a preliminary analysis of the case marking system.
In May 2010, the Bahasa language wasUNESCOThe World Map of Endangered Languages is listed as one of the 18 most endangered languages in the world. At that time, there was only one user of Bazai language in the world for many years.
In May 2010, Pan Wenhui, president of the Batai Cultural Association of Nantou County, said that the United Nations had not conducted an in-depth investigation, which was not complete.Over the past few years, with the help of experts and scholars, more than 10 children in Canada can speak Bazai, which is not the case that only one elderly person can speak ethnic language.
In 2010, Pan Jinyu died, and Bazaar language died.There is no first language user [3], but there is a language renaissance movement.
