Engineering Mechanics is an undergraduate major in China's ordinary colleges and universities, which belongs to the mechanics specialty. The basic length of study is four yearsBachelor of Engineeringacademic degree.[1-2]
This major requires students to have a theoretical foundation in mechanics and mathematics;Excellent analytical and comprehensive application ability;Proficient in theory, calculation, experiment and other research methods and tools;Be competent for the design, development, management and research of intensity, vibration and computer simulation in enterprises and research institutions.[3]
In January 1986, in the Introduction to the Specialty Setting and the Use of Graduates in National Ordinary Colleges and Universities, engineering mechanics was set up, which belongs to mechanics and science.[5]
In April 1989, in the Catalog and Introduction of Undergraduate Specialty of Ordinary Institutions of Higher Learning: Science and Engineering, Agriculture and Forestry, Medicine, the name of engineering mechanics specialty remained unchanged, and the specialty code was set as Engineering 2105, which belongs to applied science and mechanics, and is an engineering specialty.[6]
In July 1993, in the Catalog and Profile of Undergraduate Specialty of General Higher Education (issued in July 1993), the name of engineering mechanics specialty remained unchanged, and the specialty code was changed to 082101, which belongs to engineering mechanics and engineering discipline.[7]
In 1998, the Ministry of Education issued the Comparison Table of New and Old Specialties in the Undergraduate Specialty Catalog of Ordinary Colleges and Universities (issued in 1998). The name of engineering mechanics specialty remained unchanged, and the specialty code was changed to 081701, which belongs to engineering mechanics and engineering disciplines.[8]
On September 14, 2012, the Ministry of Education issued the Catalogue of Undergraduate Specialties in Ordinary Institutions of Higher Learning (2012) and formulated the Comparison Table of New and Old Specialties in the Catalogue of Undergraduate Specialties in Ordinary Institutions of Higher Learning, combining the original engineering mechanics (specialty code 081701) and engineering structure analysis (specialty code 081702W) into engineering mechanics, which is an engineering discipline with specialty code 080102,It is a major in mechanics.[9]
On February 21, 2020, the Ministry of Education issued the Catalogue of Undergraduate Specialties in Ordinary Institutions of Higher Learning (2020 Edition). Engineering mechanics is an engineering discipline, with a professional code of 080102. It belongs to the mechanics discipline, and is awarded a bachelor's degree in engineering for four years.[2]
Training objectives
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The engineering mechanics major cultivates high-quality professionals with a high sense of social responsibility, good scientific and cultural literacy, systematic grasp of basic knowledge, basic theory and basic skills of mechanics, full of innovation awareness and practical ability, physical and mental health, and able to engage in education, scientific research, technology and other work in mechanics and related science or engineering fields.
In addition to systematically mastering the basic knowledge, basic theory and basic skills of mechanics, students should also strengthen the study of relevant professional knowledge in engineering fields such as civil engineering, water conservancy, transportation, equipment manufacturing, aerospace, petroleum, chemical industry, energy and power, environmental resources, ships and oceans, materials, and strengthen the teaching of experiments, internships, and engineering applications,Enhance the research and development ability, calculation analysis and design ability related to mechanical problems in the engineering field, and adapt to the needs of carrying out relevant research, development and guiding engineering technology in the future.Students who want to obtain a bachelor's degree in engineering mechanics should have the spirit of scientific exploration and good humanistic quality, a solid foundation in mathematical mechanics and engineering technology, be able to engage in engineering analysis and design, technology development and management related to mechanical problems in relevant engineering fields, or continue to study for master's and doctoral degrees,So as to become a high-level research talent or university teacher in engineering mechanics and related majors.[1]
Cultivation specification
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Length of schooling and degree
Length of schooling: 4 years
Degree awarded: Bachelor of Engineering
Total reference class hours or credits: 140~180 credits are recommended.Colleges and universities can set higher credit requirements according to their own conditions and needs.[1-2]
Basic requirements for talent cultivation
1. Ideological politics and moral education
In accordance with the unified requirements of the Ministry of Education.
2. Business
one
Master the basic knowledge and theory of mechanics.
two
Master the basic skills of mechanical experiments.
three
Understand the development history, discipline frontier and development trend of mechanics, and understand the important position and role of mechanics in economic and social development.
four
Master the basic contents of mathematics and physics required by the specialty, and understand the basic knowledge of civil engineering, machinery, aerospace, water conservancy, shipbuilding, energy, transportation, chemical engineering, biomedicine and other related engineering fields.
five
Have a preliminary grasp of the basic methods and means of mechanics research, have a preliminary engineering practice ability, and initially have the ability to discover, propose, analyze and solve engineering technical problems related to mechanics, especially the ability of mechanical experiments and numerical modeling calculation.
six
Have safety awareness, environmental awareness and sustainable development philosophy.
seven
Master the necessary information technology, and be able to obtain, process and apply mechanics and related information.
eight
Master a foreign language, have the comprehensive application ability of listening, speaking, reading and writing, have a certain international vision and cross-cultural communication, competition and cooperation ability.
nine
Have certain ability of organization and management, independent work, interpersonal communication and team cooperation, have certain innovative consciousness and critical thinking, initially have the ability of independent learning and self-development, and can adapt to the development of science and technology and social economy.
All colleges and universities can strengthen or increase the requirements of knowledge, ability and quality in some aspects on the basis of the above business requirements according to their own positioning and talent training objectives, combined with the characteristics of disciplines, industry and regional characteristics and the needs of student development, to form talent training characteristics.
3. Sports
According to the requirements of the Ministry of Education.[1]
Curriculum system
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Overall framework
Theoretical courses
1400~1700 class hours for engineering mechanics, including about 300 elective courses.The specific name, teaching content, teaching requirements, corresponding class hours, credits and other teaching arrangements of the course shall be determined by each university independently. At the same time, relevant elective courses reflecting the characteristics of the school, region or industry shall be set up.
Practical courses
The proportion of practical courses in the total credits shall not be less than 25%, and the mechanical experiment teaching shall not be less than 200 class hours.We should strengthen the education of safety awareness and safety protection skills in the mechanics laboratory, and pay attention to cultivating students' innovative awareness and practical ability.
Build a multi-level experimental teaching system of basic mechanics experiments, comprehensive experiments and research experiments, among which the class hours of comprehensive experiments and research experiments are not less than 20% of the total experimental class hours.The basic experiment shall not exceed 6 persons/group, and the comprehensive experiment and large-scale instrument experiment shall not exceed 8 persons/group. In addition to the content that needs to be completed by more than one person, students shall independently complete the operation of the specified experimental content.
In addition to completing the basic contents of experimental teaching, characteristic experimental courses or characteristic experimental projects should be constructed to meet the needs of training characteristic talents.All colleges and universities should build a complete practice (practical training) and innovative training system (such as college students' innovative experiment plan, etc.), determine relevant contents and requirements, and complete relevant teaching contents in multiple ways and forms according to the talent training objectives.The specialty of engineering mechanics should improve the teaching requirements of practice (training) and strengthen the teaching of engineering training.
The graduation thesis (design) should be arranged in the fourth academic year, which is one semester in principle.Students must form their initial ability to engage in scientific research or undertake specialized technical work through the training of graduation thesis (design).[1]
Theoretical courses
General knowledge
In addition to the teaching contents stipulated by the state, the contents of humanities and social sciences, foreign languages, computer culture foundation, sports, arts, etc. are determined by each university according to the school running orientation and talent training objectives.[1]
Basic knowledge of discipline
Basic knowledge of disciplines and specialties mainly includes mathematics, physics, mechanics, engineering technology, and mathematics mainly includes advanced mathematics, mathematical equations, probability and statistics, calculation methods and other basic knowledge.Physics mainly includesDynamics、heat、optics、electromagneticsAnd other basic knowledge.Mechanics mainly includesTheoretical mechanicsandMechanics of MaterialsAnd other basic knowledge.Engineering technology foundation mainly includes engineering drawing, electrical and electronic technology, computer and information technology and other basic knowledge.
The teaching content can refer to the basic requirements formulated by the relevant curriculum teaching steering committee of the Ministry of Education.Colleges and universities can improve the teaching requirements of mathematics and basic mechanics (including experiments) according to their own talent training orientation to strengthen students' mathematical and mechanical foundation.
The history and current situation of relevant professional development should be taught when teaching the basic knowledge field and professional direction knowledge of the corresponding specialty.[1]
It has a complete practical teaching system to meet teaching needs, mainly including experimental courses, curriculum design, comprehensive large assignments or small papers, metalworking practice, professional knowledge practice related to application background, professional (production) practice, graduation thesis (design).
one
Experiment courses: a certain number of experiments must be included in the basic courses and professional courses of engineering mechanics.
two
Internship: carry out necessary engineering technology training [including metalworking practice, professional knowledge practice related to application background, and professional (production) practice].
three
Graduation thesis (design): It is necessary to formulate standards and inspection guarantee mechanism that are compatible with the requirements of the graduation thesis (design), put forward clear requirements for topic selection, content, student guidance, defense, etc., ensure the workload and difficulty of the graduation thesis (design), and provide effective guidance for students.The topic selection must meet the requirements of professional training objectives. Generally, it should be combined with the practical engineering problems of the specialty, have a clear application background, and cultivate students' engineering awareness, cooperation spirit and ability to comprehensively apply the knowledge learned to solve practical problems.[1]
Teaching conditions
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Teaching staff
Number and structure of teaching staff
The engineering mechanics specialty of all colleges and universities should establish a teaching staff with appropriate scale, reasonable structure, relatively stable and high level.
The number and structure of full-time teachers should meet the needs of professional teaching, and the student teacher ratio should not be higher than 18:1.There should be at least 10 full-time teachers for new majors. On the basis of 120 students, one full-time teacher must be added for every 20 students added.
There should be academic or professional leaders with high academic attainments and a certain number of teachers with engineering and technical background.The proportion of full-time teachers with master's and doctor's degrees shall not be less than 70%, and full-time teachers under 35 years old must have master's and above degrees.The proportion of full-time teachers with senior professional titles shall not be less than 30%.More than 90% of the lecturers in the program have professional and technical positions of lecturer or above, or have master's or doctor's degrees, and have passed pre job training;The number of part-time teachers shall not exceed 25% of the total number of full-time teachers.There should be no less than 3 experimental technicians, and experimental technicians under 35 years old should have bachelor's degree or above in related majors.
In principle, the number of teachers who guide students' graduation thesis (design) every year should not exceed 6.[1]
Teacher background and level requirements
one
Teachers should abide by the Code of Professional Ethics for Teachers in Institutions of Higher Learning, be patriotic and law-abiding, be dedicated to their work and students, teach and educate people, study rigorously, be a model for others and serve the society.
two
Teachers engaged in the teaching of engineering mechanics should have the education background of mechanics or related disciplines, and master the basic knowledge, basic theory and basic skills of mechanics and related disciplines.
three
Teachers should have sufficient teaching ability to skillfully carry out course teaching and meet the needs of professional teaching.All full-time teachers must obtain a teacher qualification certificate or have a teaching qualification recognized by the education administrative department.
four
Teachers should be proficient in the teaching content of the course, actively participate in teaching research, teaching reform and teaching construction, and be able to reasonably design the teaching process according to the talent training objectives, course teaching content, combined with modern education concepts, teaching technology and the actual situation of students, so as to teach according to materials, adapt to the situation and pay attention to actual results.
five
Teachers should undertake at least one basic course or professional course for undergraduates, guide graduation thesis (design) or professional practice, etc., and provide necessary guidance for students' career development.
six
Teachers should actively participate in teacher development activities, actively learn advanced education and teaching concepts and teaching technologies, actively improve teaching methods, and constantly improve teaching levels.
seven
Teachers should actively participate in scientific research, timely understand and master the latest progress in research, development and application of mechanics and related disciplines, constantly improve academic level, integrate scientific research achievements into teaching, and update teaching content.[1]
Teacher development environment
There is a reasonable and feasible plan for the construction of the teaching staff, a system to attract and stabilize qualified teachers, support teachers for further study and academic exchanges, guide and train young teachers, and promote the professional development of teachers.
Provide basic conditions and environment for teachers to engage in classroom teaching, academic research and engineering practice, encourage and support teachers to carry out teaching research and reform, academic research and exchange, engineering design and development, social services, etc., so that teachers can understand their responsibilities in the process of improving teaching quality, constantly improve their work, and meet the requirements of the continuous development of professional education.[1]
Device resources
teaching facilities
1. Professional teaching laboratory
one
Have the conditions to set up basic mechanics experiments and mechanics professional experiments.The equipment of the basic course laboratory shall meet the teaching needs of the engineering mechanics specialty, and meet the requirements for the number of sets of student group experiments specified in the teaching plan.The instruments and equipment of professional laboratory must meet the conditions of the experiment set up, and can be focused according to the specific situation of each specialty.
two
The fire safety of the laboratory meets the Chinese national standards.Lighting and ventilation facilities are in good condition, and the layout of water, electricity, gas pipelines and network wiring is safe and reasonable, in line with China's national standards.
three
The laboratory management should be standardized and orderly, with good equipment management, maintenance and update mechanism, laboratory safety and health regulations, student experiment rules, and specialized laboratory technicians.
four
The experimental teaching process management is standardized, and the experimental teaching plan and outline, experimental instructions and other materials are complete.The laboratory construction has a long-term construction plan and a short-term work plan.We should not only pay attention to professional basic experiments, but also pay attention to the development of new directions and new technologies. We should also combine professional expertise and local economic development needs to build professional laboratories.
five
The laboratory should provide open services to meet students' learning requirements in and out of class and improve the utilization rate of equipment.
2. Teaching and scientific research instruments and equipment
(1) Theoretical Mechanics Experiment
Basic equipment: static experiment equipment (used for force analysis, friction coefficient measurement, etc.), kinematics experiment equipment (used for mechanical transmission, acceleration measurement, etc.).
Hoisting equipment: dynamics experiment equipment (used for the measurement of moment of inertia, vibration and vibration elimination).
(2) Material Mechanics Experiment
Basic equipment: universal material testing machine, torsion testing machine, electrical measurement combination experimental device (split or multi-function combination), etc.
Basic equipment: multi-function experimental platform for fluid mechanics (flow rate, flow rate, resistance), Reynolds number and Bernoulli experimental platform, flow field display experimental platform, etc.
Lifting equipment: momentum equation test-bed, wind tunnel, water tunnel, etc.
(4) Numerical simulation experiment
Computer and general mechanical calculation software (such as finite element calculation software).
3. Practice base
There should be one or more relatively stable practice bases that meet the teaching needs and can be used for the practice of undergraduates majoring in engineering mechanics, and can provide certain practice content.According to their own characteristics, colleges and universities can strengthen cooperation with scientific research institutes, schools, industries and enterprises through various ways, and establish distinctive practice bases to meet the needs of relevant professional personnel training.[1]
information resources
A certain number of Chinese and foreign books, periodicals or retrieval tools related to engineering mechanics should be provided;There should be a certain number of foreign language textbooks and books corresponding to 7 basic mechanics and main professional courses (theoretical mechanics, material mechanics, elasticity, vibration mechanics, fluid mechanics, computational mechanics and experimental mechanics).Build a course website for professional basic courses and professional compulsory courses, and provide a certain number of online teaching resources, so that teachers and students can easily use, have a good reading environment, and can easily access learning materials through the network.More than 2/3 of the professional basic courses should use officially published textbooks.
Engineering mechanics books and periodicals: not less than 500 Chinese books and 200 foreign books;There are at least 15 Chinese periodicals and at least 5 foreign periodicals.[1]
Teaching funds
The teaching funds are guaranteed to meet the needs of professional teaching, construction and development.The investment of teaching funds can better meet the needs of talent training, and the average annual daily teaching operation expenditure of professional students is not less than 1200 yuan.
The annual normal teaching funds for the established majors should include the funds for teacher team construction, staff salaries, laboratory maintenance and updating, professional practice, books and materials, and internship base construction.
A certain amount of professional start-up funds excluding fixed asset investment shall be guaranteed for newly-built specialties, especially for laboratory construction.[1]
Quality assurance
Requirements for quality monitoring mechanism of teaching process
All colleges and universities should establish a quality monitoring mechanism for the main teaching links (including theoretical courses, experimental courses, etc.) to effectively monitor the implementation process of the main teaching links.Each main teaching link should have clear quality requirements.A regular evaluation mechanism should be established for the curriculum system and the teaching quality of the main teaching links, and attention should be paid to the opinions of students and experts inside and outside the school.
Requirements for graduate tracking and feedback mechanism
All colleges and universities should establish a tracking and feedback mechanism for graduates, so as to timely grasp the employment whereabouts and quality of graduates, graduates' job satisfaction and sense of job achievement, and employers' satisfaction with graduates.Scientific methods should be adopted to conduct statistical analysis on the follow-up feedback information of graduates and form an analysis report as the main basis for quality improvement.
Professional continuous improvement mechanism requirements
All colleges and universities should establish a continuous improvement mechanism, take effective corrective and preventive measures against the problems and weak links in teaching quality, carry out continuous improvement, and constantly improve teaching quality.
According to the needs of the sustainable development of science and technology, economy and society, colleges and universities can regularly assess the consistency of talent training quality and training objectives, and establish an effective mechanism for timely adjustment of professional development orientation and talent training objectives.[1]
Cultivation mode
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Innovative talent training mode
Cultivate students' innovative consciousness.Students are the main body receiving teaching. Whether the innovative talent training mode of engineering mechanics can play its role depends on students. Therefore, teachers should first pay attention to the cultivation of students' innovative awareness in the teaching process, help them develop good learning habits, and "think hard and do more".When teaching, teachers of engineering mechanics should strengthen the interaction with students in class, ask students more why, stimulate their interest in learning, and let them review the knowledge they have learned before when thinking about these problems, so as to gain new insights.When students encounter problems in learning, teachers should guide them in time, not give answers immediately, but let students think more and create more opportunities for students to think.To complete the training of innovative talents in engineering mechanics, teachers need to be persistent and patient, and focus on cultivating students' innovative awareness and ability.
Improve teaching work.Improve teaching work, select reasonable teaching content, urge teachers to reform their teaching methods, abandon traditional teaching concepts, eliminate the impact of exam oriented education, and put the cultivation of students' innovation ability in a prominent position.Strengthen the practice teaching link, create more opportunities for students to operate manually, and let them realize their own shortcomings in continuous practice.For this reason, the university can strengthen the connection with enterprises, adopt the mode of joint training between schools and enterprises, optimize the education structure, and make the students of engineering mechanics develop towards innovative, modern and international talents.
The three platforms are: ① professional foundation platform; ②Comprehensive practice platform; ③Innovative training platform.Three kinds of talents are: ① theoretical research talents; ②Engineering computing talents; ③Experimental talents.
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In the professional foundation platform, different types of talents are required to master different depth and breadth of professional knowledge and skills.
two
In the comprehensive practice platform, different types of talents are required to master different professional knowledge and skills.
three
In the innovation training platform, different types of talents are required to have different forms of innovation.
four
According to students' interests, hobbies and knowledge, teach students in accordance with their aptitude and provide them with different career development directions.
Reform the training program and optimize the curriculum structure.With the goal of cultivating three kinds of engineering mechanics talents with innovative and comprehensive practical ability, the training mode of engineering mechanics talents with mechanics as the core and civil engineering and machinery as the professional application background is constructed.The curriculum design integrates relevant disciplines, and constructs a "curriculum group" teaching module based on the core curriculum of engineering mechanics specialty through such adjustment methods as "opening up relevant disciplines, reducing non core theory curriculum design, increasing comprehensive practice and innovation links, curriculum classification, and flexible learning".Optimize the curriculum structure of professional basic platform to ensure that students have a solid knowledge of engineering mechanics;Increase the proportion of elective courses on the comprehensive practice platform, and allow students to rely on a professional application background to choose relevant professional courses across departments and majors, focusing on interdisciplinary and comprehensive training.In the curriculum of innovation training platform, increase the proportion of academic reports and academic frontiers.Students will have the opportunity to contact the development frontier of various related disciplines and the application of mechanical knowledge in this frontier, understand the development trend of engineering mechanics application, and grasp the trend of future changes in the specialty.
Reform teaching methods and optimize teaching forms.In order to mobilize students' participation and learning enthusiasm, we should coordinate the relationship between traditional teaching methods and the application of modern educational technology in teaching methods.Strengthen the cross integration between professional courses and engineering mechanics and related disciplines, and broaden the breadth of knowledge and thinking of students.Strengthen the integration of cutting-edge knowledge, appropriately increase the amount of classroom information, and adopt the new teaching mode "PBL" teaching mode.
Construct a multi module three-dimensional experimental teaching system.The curriculum system of the "three platforms, three talents" training mode focuses on optimizing the knowledge structure of the discipline, combining theory and comprehensive practice with innovative behavior. Therefore, the original experimental teaching mode attached to theoretical teaching must be reformed, and the experimental teaching must be repositioned;Optimize the allocation of experimental resources and integrate laboratories.Establish a comprehensive practice and innovative laboratory.
We will improve students' scientific and technological innovation system.Guide students to carry out comprehensive practice and innovative training;Encourage students to participate in scientific research projects and cooperate with their supervisors in scientific research;Establish and improve the system of scientific research project establishment for students, and encourage students to innovate in science and technology;Invite experts and scholars to make academic reports, and set up student seminars to enable students to understand academic frontiers and their applications;Promote learning through scientific research and improve students' comprehensive quality.
Design a multi model professional education system in stages.After completing the professional basic platform course, students will clarify their development direction in the third grade.On the comprehensive practice platform and innovative training platform, try to transform the achievements of discipline construction into teaching resources as soon as possible. In the practical teaching of the platform, scientific research topics and high-level laboratories are open to undergraduate students, and research teaching methods based on actual engineering problems or scientific research projects are implemented in teaching methods to form theoretical research talents, engineering computing talentsMulti mode training system for experimental talents.
Representative institution: Anhui University of Science and Technology[11]
Development prospect
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Talent demand
The major of engineering mechanics cultivates research-oriented talents with solid basic mechanics theory, computational simulation and engineering experiment ability, who can engage in scientific research, technology development and engineering design related to mechanics in aerospace, civil construction, machinery and vehicles, biomedicine and other engineering fields.[3]
Postgraduate Entrance Examination Direction
Mechanics, general mechanics and mechanics foundation, solid mechanics, fluid mechanics[3]
Employment direction
Graduates of engineering mechanics major are mainly engaged in scientific research, technology development, engineering management and other work in aerospace, mechanical engineering, construction engineering, new materials, biomedicine and other application fields.[3]
Opening colleges and universities
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region
universities and colleges
Beijing
Tsinghua University
China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing)
China Agricultural University
Beijing University of Technology
Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Tianjin
Tianjin University
Shanghai
Tongji University
Shanghai Jiaotong University
Chongqing
chongqing jiaotong university
Chongqing University
Hebei
Shijiazhuang Tiedao University
Hebei Engineering University
Yanshan University
Hebei University
Henan
Zhengzhou University
North China University of Water Resources and Hydropower
Henan University of Technology
Henan University of Technology
Henan University of Science and Technology
Shandong
China University of Petroleum (East China)
Shandong University of Science and Technology
Shandong University
Shanxi
Taiyuan University of Science and Technology
Central North University
Taiyuan University of Technology
Anhui
Anhui University of Science and Technology
Jiangxi
Nanchang University
Jiangsu
Southeast University
Hohai University
Suzhou University of Science and Technology
Nanjing University of Technology
Jiangsu University of Science and Technology
jiangsu university
Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Nanjing University of Technology
China University of Mining and Technology
Zhejiang
Ningbo University
Zhejiang University
Hubei
WuHan University
Wuhan University of Technology
Wuhan University of Science and Technology
Hunan
Hunan University
Central South University
Xiangtan University
Hunan University of Science and Technology
Changsha University of Technology
Guangdong
Jinan University
South China University of Technology
Guangxi
Guangxi University of Science and Technology
Yunnan
Kunming University of Science and Technology
Sichuan
Sichuan University
Southwest Jiaotong University
Southwest University of Science and Technology
Chengdu University of Technology
Shaanxi
Chang'an University
Xi'an Jiaotong University
Northwestern Polytechnical University
Xi'an University of Science and Technology
Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology
Xi'an University of Technology
Heilongjiang
Harbin Institute of Technology
Harbin Engineering University
Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology
Northeast Petroleum University
Harbin University of Science and Technology
Jilin
Jilin University
Jilin Jianzhu University
Liaoning
Dalian University of Technology
Shenyang Aerospace University
Dalian Jiaotong University
Liaoning University of Engineering and Technology
Liaoning University
Inner Mongolia
Inner Mongolia University of Technology
Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology
