With the rapid development of China's economy, the industrial cleaning industry, as an important part of China's industrial economy, has also been booming.Data shows that in 2011, only China's industrial cleaning equipment andIndustrial cleaning agentThe market will reach 20 billion yuan.There are more than 1000 enterprises producing and operating various cleaning equipment, among which,Ultrasonic cleaning machineThe number of manufacturing enterprises has grown from several in the early 1990s to more than 200;There are also more than 1000 detergent production and distribution enterprises, which have formed a huge industry.
At first, China's industrial cleaning industry only provided cleaning technical services for petrochemical industry and energy and power industry. The main purpose of cleaning is to save energy and reduce consumption, and improve heat transfer efficiency of equipment.Today, the cleaning industry has gradually spread from key industrial cities to small and medium-sized cities, and then formed a trend of expansion and popularization to cities and rural areas. The regionalization characteristics are becoming more and more obvious, and it has become a socialized service industry, which indicates that China's industrial cleaning industry has formed a broad market atmosphere.
More than 1000
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Cleaning can be divided into civil cleaning and industrial cleaning according to different cleaning scope. Cleaning involved in industrial production belongs to the category of industrial basic cleaning.
High and intermediate professional and technical personnel of industrial cleaning, with excellent technology and rich experience.Generally, domestic advanced and complete cleaning equipment and instruments are used, such asHigh pressure water cleaning machineMultifunctional chemical cleaning package, PIG pigPIG tracker, CentralAir conditioning and ventilation systemThe whole set of equipment has been cleaned, and has mastered high-quality chemical cleaning technology, high-pressure water jet cleaning technology, hydraulic mechanical pigging (PIG) technology and other advanced cleaning technologies.
Industrial cleaning has the functions of energy saving, consumption reduction, water saving, safety, stable production, improving product quality, accelerating production speed, extending equipment service life, reducing environmental pollution, and improving appearance and human health.
1. General industrial cleaning includes cleaning the surface of vehicles, ships and aircraft, and only coarse dirt can be removed;
2. Precision industrial cleaning includes cleaning in the processing of various products, cleaning of various materials and equipment surfaces, etc., characterized by the ability to remove tiny dirt particles;
3. Ultra precision industrial fine cleaning includes ultra precision cleaning of mechanical parts, electronic components, optical components, etc. in the process of precision industrial production, with the purpose of eliminating extremely small dirt particles.
Cleaning method
Physical cleaning and chemical cleaning
onePhysical cleaningIt is a cleaning method that uses the principles of mechanics, acoustics, optics, electricity and heat, and relies on the role of external energy, such as mechanical friction, ultrasonic, negative pressure, high pressure, impact, ultraviolet ray, steam, etc. to remove the dirt on the surface of objects without changing the dirt composition.That is, the method of not changing the original chemical molecular composition.
① Mechanical cleaning method: cleaner and scraper cleaning method, drill pipe cleaning method, shot blasting cleaning method.
② Hydraulic cleaning method: low-pressure hydraulic cleaning (the pressure of low-pressure cleaning is 196-686 kPa, about 2-7 kgf/cm2, equal to 0.2-0.7 Mpa).
③ High pressure hydraulic cleaning: the pressure of high-pressure cleaning is 4900 kPa, about 50 kgf/cm2, equal to 5Mpa.This method is also called high-pressure water jet methodHigh pressure cleaning machine。
2. Chemical cleaning is a method of removing dirt on the surface of objects by using chemicals or other solvents depending on the effect of chemical reaction.For example, various inorganic or organic acids are used to remove rust and scale on the surface of objects, and oxidants are used to remove color spots on the surface of objects.Chemical agents are used to make surface pollution or cover layer (such as scale layer) react with it to remove it, such as acid cleaning and alkali cleaning of scale layer.In order to prevent the substrate from corrosion or control the corrosion rate within the allowable range during chemical cleaning, an appropriate amount of corrosion inhibitor and additives for activation, penetration and wetting are usually added to the chemical cleaning solution.Methods: Immersion method, circulation method and cleaning method in operation are also called non-stop chemical cleaning method.
3. The principle of electronic cleaning method for scale prevention and removal is to use high-frequency electric field to change the molecular structure of water to prevent and remove scale.When water passes through the high-frequency electric field, its molecular physical structure changes. The original associated chain macromolecule breaks into a single water molecule, and the positive and negative ions of salts in water are surrounded by a single water molecule. The movement speed is reduced, the number of effective collisions is reduced, and the electrostatic attraction is reduced. It is impossible to structure on the heating wall tube surface, so as to achieve the purpose of scale prevention.At the same time, as the dipole moment of water molecules increases, the absorption capacity of water molecules with salt positive and negative ions (scale molecules) increases, which makes the scale on the heating surface or pipe wall soft and easy to fall off, resulting in the effect of scale removal.
4. Electrostatic antiscale and descaling are the same as electronic descaling. They also achieve the purpose of antiscale and descaling by changing the state of water molecules.But the latter uses the action of electrostatic field, not the action of electron.The mechanism is that the water molecule has polarity (also called dipole). When the water dipole passes through the electrostatic field, each water dipole will be arranged in a positive and negative order.If there are dissolved salts in the water, their positive and negative ions will be surrounded by the water dipole, and they will also be arranged in the water dipole group in positive and negative order. They cannot move by themselves, so they cannot get close to the tube (container) wall, and then deposit on the tube (container) wall to form scale.At the same time, the oxygen released from the water can produce a very thin oxide layer on the pipe wall, which can prevent the corrosion of the pipe (container) wall.
Cleaning media
Wet and dry cleaning
1. Cleaning in liquid medium is generally calledwet cleaning The traditional cleaning method is mostly wet cleaning.
2. Cleaning in gas medium is calledDry cleaning, such as laser cleaning, ultraviolet cleaning, plasma cleaning, dry ice cleaning,
Corrosion inhibitor is a kind of material that can greatly reduce the corrosion rate of metal by adding a small amount of certain substance in the corrosive medium. It is called corrosion inhibitor.This method of protecting metal is called corrosion inhibitor protection method.
Classification of corrosion inhibitors:
The action mechanism is divided into anode, cathode and mixed type.The characteristics of protective film are divided into oxidation type, adsorption type and precipitation type.Other classifications: ① organic and inorganic corrosion inhibitors ② liquid phase, gas phase and solid phase corrosion inhibitors ③ steel, copper and aluminum corrosion inhibitors ④ acid, alkaline and neutral corrosion inhibitors.
Cleaning objects
Pre production cleaning, non-stop cleaning and off production maintenance cleaning
1. Cleaning before production: chemical cleaning and passivation treatment must be carried out before the new chemical equipment is put into production.Practice has proved that chemical cleaning and passivation before start-up are of great significance to production safety and economic benefits.Its economic benefits are enormous.
Purposes of cleaning and passivation before production
The raw materials of the system equipment, such as steel pipes, steel plates, stainless steel, will form rolling skin during rolling;During the manufacturing, storage, transportation and installation of equipment, rust, welding slag and oily rust inhibitor, dust, sand, cementThermal insulation materialOther impurities will also be mixed into the equipment.As the equipment capacity increases, the time required from steel pipe and steel plate delivery, equipment manufacturing, storage and transportation, installation to final production becomes longer, the number of weld junctions of equipment increases, the heating surface increases, and the total amount of all kinds of impurities such as skin rolling, rust, welding slag, rust inhibitor and sediment increases.
After cleaning, a dense chemical passive film is formed on the clean metal surface. The passive film can effectively prevent the re generation of dirt and effectively protect the equipment.Make the equipment free from corrosion or other chemical damage
2. Cleaning without stopping production: during the production of chemical equipment, some equipment cannot be stopped for maintenance and cleaning.Therefore, non-stop cleaning technology came into being.The domestic non-stop cleaning technology is relatively perfect, which can carry out chemical cleaning and passivation technology when the equipment is running.So as to ensure the operation safety and efficiency of the equipment.
3. Shutdown maintenance and cleaning: shutdown maintenance refers to the cleaning of all equipment during shutdown maintenance during the annual scheduled maintenance time of the chemical enterprise.Relatively speaking, shutdown maintenance refers to the cyclic chemical cleaning or high-pressure water jet cleaning of a single equipment.
Scope of application
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Nowadays, various green and environmentally friendly cleaning technologies are constantly emerging, and new products and mechanical equipment are constantly introduced. The cleaning industry has penetrated almost all industrial fields, including petroleum, chemical industry, energy, electricity, metallurgy, construction, mechanical electronics, transportation, textile, printing and even nuclear industry, and has been widely recognized by the society.
Atmospheric system, stripper, flash tower, heating furnaceNitrogen production unit, reactor, compressor, oil pipeline, oil storage tank, etc
Chemical cleaning for petroleum exploitation
Cleaning of casing, conduit, water injection pipeline, oil well pump, diesel engine cooling system, heating pipeline, oil pipeline of oil selection station, oil storage tank, etc
Cleaning of chemical industry
Fertilizer, pesticide, coating, auxiliary agent, rubber, plastic, chemical fiberPhotosensitive materialCleaning of the following equipment of reagent, organic chemical, inorganic chemical, fine chemical and other enterprises:
Ash discharge pipe, return water pipe, overflow water main pipe, low-pressure water main pipe, chemical water standard discharge pipe, steam pipe network, cooling tower, crystallizer (cable plant) cleaning, precipitator water system, transformer water cooling system, refrigeration unit, heat exchanger, oil circuit control system, condenser, deaerator, steam turbine, air preheater, economizer, electronic display, electrical cabinet cleaning
Communication industry cleaning
Transmitting base station, switch, communication line, power equipment, etc
Sintering plant: air compressor, nitrogen compressor, oxygen compressor, oxygen pipeline, nitrogen pipeline, oil system cleaning
Ironmaking plant: cleaning of ironmaking furnace, water cooling system and furnace cooling jacket
Steelmaking plant: cleaning of water cooling system and oil system
Coking plant: cleaning of various heat exchangers, gas pipelines, process pipelines and gas primary coolers
Non ferrous metallurgy: electric furnace, flash smelting furnace, dilution furnace, converter cooling water systemAir separation unitCleaning of medium frequency furnace, high frequency furnace and sintering furnace
Cleaning of pharmaceutical industry
Cleaning of pipeline, reactor, mixer, reaction cleaner, filter, evaporator, compressor, condenser and still
Cleaning of cement plant and building materials
Cleaning of conveyor line, material box, cooling trough, preheater, rotary furnace, container, extruder and cooler
Cleaning of tobacco industry
Dryer, steam pipelineHeat exchangerCleaning of water feeding and drainage pipes, humidification water system, air compressor, etc
Cleaning of food industry
Fermentation tank, bottle washer, cold and hot water system, water transmission pipeline, production line, food oven, condenser, cooler cleaning, crystallizer cleaning, cooling tower, evaporation tank cleaning, cold storage water system cleaning
